Directional Planes and Muscular System

Directional Planes and Muscular System

Chapter 6 2

Directions, Planes, and Regions

Directional Terms

• Anterior or ventral – front side of the body.

• Posterior or dorsal – back side of the body.

• Inferior – below another structure.• Superior – above another structure.

Chapter 6 3

Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.)

Planes of the Body

• Sagittal plane – divides the body into 2 parts, right and left.

• Frontal or coronal plane – divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.

Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.)

• Transverse plane – divides the body horizontally into a top, or superior, part and a bottom, or inferior, part.

• Midsagittal plane – divides the body into equal right and left sides.

Chapter 6 5

Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.)

Chapter 6 6

Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.)

• Regions of the Abdominal Cavity• Epigastric region.• Hypochondriac regions, left and

right.• Umbilical region.• Lumbar regions, left and right.• Hypogastric region.• Illiac, or inguinal, regions left

and right.

Chapter 6 7

Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.)

Chapter 6 8

Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.)

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Abdominal Quadrants

Chapter 6 9

The Muscular System

• Consists of over 600 individual muscles.

• Muscles produce movement by shortening in length or contracting.

Chapter 6 10

The Muscular System (cont.)

• Three types of muscles

• Involuntary (Smooth) – cannot be controlled by will.

• Cardiac – control the contractions of the heart.

• Voluntary (Skeletal) – can be controlled by will.

Chapter 6 11

The Muscular System (cont.)

Voluntary or Skeletal Muscles

• Maintain posture, protect internal organs, and produce heat and energy for the body.

• Origin – attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone.

• Insertion – attachment of a muscle to a moveable bone.

• Produce movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

Chapter 6 12

Muscle TissueThere are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

Muscle UseHow is the person in each frame using involuntary and voluntary muscles?

Chapter 6 13

Chapter 6 14

Types of Muscle TissueIdentify the type of muscle tissue in each body structure.

Muscles Moving Bones• Muscles and bones work together and make the body move.

Chapter 6 15

Muscle Pairs

Chapter 6 16

When the arm is bent at the elbow, the biceps contracts while the triceps relaxes. What happens to each muscle when the arm is straightened?

Chapter 6 17

The Muscular System (cont.)• Diseases and Disorders

• Strain – overuse of a muscle and/or tendon.

• Fibromyalgia – a chronic pain in muscles.

• Bursitis – an inflammation of the bursa surrounding a joint.

The Muscular System (cont.)

Diseases and Disorders• Tendonitis – an inflammation of a tendon in

a joint caused by overwork.

• Dislocation – may result from an injury or strenuous, sudden movement.

• Muscular dystrophy – a group of inherited diseases that cause progressive weakness and disability.