DESCRIBE THE HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND OTHER FACTORS THAT AFFECT WILDLIFE SPECIES NATURAL RESOURCE I FISHERY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVE 5.03
DESCRIBE THE HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND OTHER
FACTORS THAT AFFECT WILDLIFE SPECIES
NATURAL RESOURCE IFISHERY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVE 5.03
HABITAT• THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF FOOD, COVER, WATER, HOME RANGE AND TERRITORY
ARE ALL PART OF AN ANIMAL’S HABITAT.
FOODHERBIVORE CARNIVORE
THE PLANT EATERS THE MEAT EATERS
FOODINSECTIVORES: THE INSECT EATERS FRUGIVORES: THE FRUIT EATERS
SHREW
MOLE
ARMADILLO
GIANT ANT EATER
HEDGEHOG
GIANT TORTOISE
CHIMPANZEE
TOUCAN
FOODOMNIVORES: EAT MANY FOOD TYPES SPERMIVORES: SEED EATERS
CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS BY FOOD VARIETY
• EUROPHAGOUS: CONSUMES GREAT VARIETIES OF FOOD
• STENOPHAGOUS: EATS A SPECIALIZED DIET
EVERGLADES KITE (HAWK)
FEED ON JUST ONE
VARIETY OF SNAIL
FEATHER MITE
CAN SURVIVE
ON ONE
SPECIES OF
BIRD
COYOTES
HUMANS
OPOSSUM
COVER• A PLACE FOR PROTECTION FROM
WEATHER• A PLACE FOR PROTECTION FROM
PREDATORS
WATER• IMPORTANT REQUIREMENT OF WILDLIFE
• MOST ANIMALS BODIES ARE 60-80% WATER
• IMPORTANCE: BLOOD COMPOSITION, TEMPERATURE REGULATION, AND NUTRIENT TRANSPORT
• SOME ANIMALS GET MOST OF THEIR WATER FROM FOODS THEY EAT
HOME RANGE AND TERRITORY• HOME RANGE: THE AREA OVER WHICH
GAME TRAVELS, WHICH COULD BE FROM ONE ACRE TO HUNDREDS OF SQUARE MILES
• TERRITORY: THE AREA AN ANIMAL WILL DEFEND, OFTEN TO THE DEATH
GAME MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES• GAME REFUGES ARE LANDS SET ASIDE FOR PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE SPECIES
• HABITAT DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OCCURS WHEN HABITAT IS DEVELOPED AND MANAGED FOR MAXIMUM BENEFIT TO WILDLIFE
• FENCEROW PLANTINGS
• WOODLAND MANAGEMENT-NOT USING WOODLAND FOR GRAZING WILL INCREASE GAME POPULATION
COORDINATION WITH OTHER RESOURCES• MANAGING THE WILDLIFE IN COORDINATION OR HARMONY WITH OTHER RESOURCES;
EXAMPLE: FARMER MANAGING THE SOIL PROPERLY TO GROW CROPS, LEAVING SOME FOR WILDLIFE TO EAT
HUNTING REGULATIONS• HUNTING MUST BE MANAGED TO CONTROL WILDLIFE POPULATION
• SOME PROCEDURES ARE BAG LIMITS, HUNTING SEASONS AND CLOSED SEASONS
• TOO MUCH WILDLIFE (OVERPOPULATION) CAN CAUSE TOO MUCH COMPETITION FOR HABITAT
• TOO MUCH HARVESTING CAN CAUSE UNDER-POPULATION.
PREDATOR CONTROL
• INVOLVES CONTROLLING PREDATORS OF THE GAME, RATHER THAN GAME
• PREDATORS CAN KEEP GAME HEALTHIER
• PREDATORS MAINTAIN AN IMPROVED GAME POPULATION BY REMOVING WEAK
ARTIFICIAL STOCKING• INVOLVES BRINGING ANIMALS INTO AN AREA
• CAN INVOLVE BRINGING ANIMALS NATURAL TO THE AREA OR INTRODUCING A NEW SPECIES TO AN AREA—CALLED “INTRODUCTION OF EXOTICS”
NEED TO CONSIDER
•POPULATION DENSITY—REFERS TO NUMBER OF GAME ANIMALS IN A DEFINED AREA
NEED TO CONSIDER• CARRYING CAPACITY—THE AMOUNT OF GAME AN AREA IS ABLE TO SUSTAIN
LEGISLATION AND GAME MANAGEMENT• GENERALLY MANAGED BY EACH STATE
Major legislation governing wildlife
• LACEY ACT OF 1900: FIRST MAJOR LAW AFFECTING WILDLIFE. MADE FEDERAL
OFFENSE TO TRANSPORT ILLEGALLY TAKEN WILDLIFE ACROSS STATE LINES. (AMENDED
IN 2008 TO INCLUDE PLANTS)
MAJOR LEGISLATION GOVERNING WILDLIFEMIGRATORY BIRD ACT OF 1929—PROVIDED REFUGES FOR MIGRATORY BIRDS
MAJOR LEGISLATION GOVERNING WILDLIFE• ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1966-GAVE THE AUTHORITY OF PROTECTING RARE
AND ENDANGERED SPECIES TO THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE.
RED WOLFTAR RIVER SPINY MUSCLE
VENUS FLY TRAP
RED COCKADED WOODPECKER
HAWKBILL SEA TURTLE
TOWNSENDS BIG EAR BAT
EXTINCTION OR ENDANGERMENT• ACTIONS THAT LED TO WILDLIFE POPULATION PROBLEMS
• TAKING ANIMALS FASTER THAN THEY CAN REPRODUCE---
BISON
EXTINCTION OR ENDANGERMENT• KILLING ANIMALS BECAUSE THEY APPEARED HOSTILE
GRIZZLY BEAR COUGAR WOLVES
SEEN AS A THREAT TO PEOPLE
EXTINCTION OR ENDANGERMENT• SEEN AS A THREAT TO DOMESTIC ANIMALS
RED TAILED
HAWK
EXAMPLE: THE RED-TAILED HAWK DID NOT EAT MANY DOMESTIC ANIMALS ANYWAY
EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES
• EXTINCT– SPECIES NO LONGER EXISTS OUTSIDE OF MUSEUMS OR PHOTOS
PASSENGER PIGEON BLACK RHINOCEROS DODO
EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES
• ENDANGERED—A SPECIES THAT IS NO LONGER COMMON AND IS IN DANGER OF BECOMING EXTINCTBIGHORN SHEEP
POLAR BEARKEY DEER
WOLVES
PUMA
EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES
• EXAMPLES OF ENDANGERED BIRDS
WHOOPING CRANE PRAIRIE CHICKEN
BALD EAGLE
IVORY BILLED
WOODPECKER
EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES
• THREATENED—A SPECIES THAT FACES SERIOUS DANGERS AND IS LIKELY TO BECOME ENDANGERED
KOALA WOOD STORK
EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES
•RARE—A SPECIES THAT EXISTS IN SMALL NUMBERS
PYGMY 3 TOED SLOTH ANGEL SHARK
• ISLAND GREY FOX
EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES
• FISH—IN 1987 THERE WERE 25 FISH ON THE ENDANGERED LIST. BY
2013 THERE WERE 133
BLUEFIN TUNA
GOLIATH GROUPER
CHINESE STURGEON