Forestry & Society Wildlife Habitat

Forestry & SocietyWildlife HabitatHORT RGSC 302J.G. MexalSpring 2008

What are the benefits??

Ivory-Billed Woodpecker Rediscovered in Big Woods of AR (Apr/05)Singer Tract, LA, 1935. Photo credit: David Allen Colorized version of version

Monarch ButterflyNeotropical ParrotsWildlife in the Forest/Ciencia Forestal

SUMATRABORNEO(P. p. pygmaeus)(P. p. abelii)http://www.cia.gov/nic/PDF_GIF_confreports/asiaUSoutlook/southeast_asia_map.gifORANGUTAN (Pongo pygmaeus)

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/Guanaco in Chile

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat

Jaguars in the Chiracahuas

Wildlife Corridors

Forestry & Society Wildlife Habitat/U.Mass. CES 1993

Florida Sand Pine ForestsThe endangered bird lives in young sand pines that grow low to the ground, trees that generally are less than 15 years old.a mature sand pine forest, you are not going to find successful gopher tortoise burrows.

Forestry & SocietyWildlife HabitatConcerns:Big animalsdeer, elk, turkey, bear, cougarthermal cover, hiding cover, food, corridors (forest fragmentationLittle animalsfish, prey (mice, etc), insectsThreatened & Endangered Specieswestern goshawk, red cockaded woodpecker, spotted owl (Mexican & northern), wolf

Meadow Conversion & GrazingConifer invasion into meadow coincided with cessation of sheep grazing in Three Sisters WildernessStand replacement fires can require centuries to convert back to forestsInvasion essentially complete after 30 yrs or so in both cases

Bird response to prescribed fireScience Findings PNW Station May08

SpeciesResponseBlack-backed woodpecker+++American robin+++Western bluebird++White breasted nuthatch+Hairy woodpecker+Western wood pewee+Gray flycatcher+Pine siskin-Swainsons thrush-Ruby-crowned kinglet-Cassins vireo-Clarks nutcracker--

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/Harvesting decreases standing deadwood (Science Findings 42:3/02)Forest TypeSnags (>20)/ac

Red-cockaded Woodpecker PreyWild. Soc. Bull. 31:131:02Number/treeBiomass (mg/tree)

Chart1

3490

2442

833

733

2028

1524

712

77

78

Loblolly

Longleaf

Sheet1

AntsRoachesTrue BugsSilverfishBeetlesSpidersCricketsPseudoscorpiansOthers

Loblolly3424872015777

Longleaf9042333328241278

Chart1

4040

50281

80183

24131

56132

6396

1220

13

6758

Loblolly

Longleaf

Sheet1

AntsRoachesTrue BugsSilverfishBeetlesSpidersCricketsPseudoscorpiansOthers

Loblolly40508024566312167

Longleaf402811831311329620358

Eastern Wild TurkeyHabitat: A mixture of mature hardwood forests and open fields. Understory vegetation. Food: Acorns and other mast (hard fruit), fleshy fruits, corn, a variety of seeds, and invertebrates. Young turkeys (particularly) feed heavily on insects.Interesting facts: Turkeys frequently can be seen foraging in the fields that border forestland.Connecticut Dept. of Environmental ProtectionNature Photography by Gary D.Tonhouse Wildlife Gallery 1997-2003

Northern Bobwhite QuailHabitat-weedy/brushy-found in roadsides & successional areas-non-migrant (300 ac)-woodlands/crop fields-endangeredFood: corn, seeds, insectsSource: All Things Quail

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/clearcuts have food!71%22%17%10%17%% of total BA

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/clearcuts have food!Harvest methodSoft mast cover (%)Ouachita NF, AR/OKWildlife Soc. Bull. 27:915:99

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/clearcuts have food!Harvest methodSoft mast production (kg/ha)Ouachita NF, AR/OKWildlife Soc. Bull. 27:915:99ABC

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/clearcuts have food!Pine BA (m2/ha)Soft mast production (kg/ha)Ouachita NF, AR/OKWildlife Soc. Bull. 27:915:99ClearcutGroupShelterwoodSingle-treeUnharvested

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/soft mast speciesmuscadine grapesblueberriesblackberrieswild rosessumacAmerican beautyberryhackberrydogwoodplumscherriesmulberrypokeberryhollysassafrasgreen brierspoison ivyWildlife Soc. Bull. 27:915:99

Flying Squirrel Population (food for spotted owl) Science Findings 80/ Feb06Squirrel/haBiomass (kg/ha)Squirrel Survival (%)

Chart1

0.60.80.7

1.81.71

220.9

2.11.70.8

Mature Mixed-conifer

Yound Mixed-conifer

Open Pond. pine

Sheet1

1997199819992000

Mature Mixed-conifer0.61.822.1

Yound Mixed-conifer0.81.721.7

Open Pond. pine0.710.90.8

Chart1

440.7

461.8

482.3

48.82.5

492.9

503.2

514

514.3

556.5

044

0.344.3

246

348

3.549

4.550

752

9.553.5

Truffle

Lichen

Sheet1

0.71.82.32.52.93.244.36.500.3233.54.579.5

Truffle44464848.84950515155

Lichen4444.3464849505253.5

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/Small mammals vs patch size/ SEAFWA Proc. 1997Individuals captures/100 nights

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/Small mammals vs patch size/ SEAFWA Proc. 1997

Clearcut size

Species richness

Shannons diversity index (H)

Variance of H

Small

(25 ha)

6

1.45

0.23

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/Small mammals vs patch size/ SEAFWA Proc. 1997542 captures (307 individuals)Peromyscus polionotus (44%)[field mice]Sigmodon hispidus (36%)[cotton rats]Peromyscus gossypinus (16%)Reithrodontomys humilus (2%)Neotoma floridana (1%[wood rats]Mus musculus (0.3%)

White-tailed DeerThe white-tailed deer is an herbivore or plant eater. It follows well-used trails to its feeding areas.It eats green plants in the spring and summer. In the fall, it eats corn, acorns and other nuts. In the winter, it eats the buds and twigs of woody plants. If deer have enough food, water, shelter, population can grow quickly.Live in wooded areasNew Hampshire Public TelevisionFrizzell 2003 Valley Forge

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/clearcuts have food!Years after LoggingUngulate Fecal Groups (no/ha)

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/Elk like clearcuts! Science Findings 22/feb2000 PNW Res. Stn.Elk Body Weight Change (%)- OR

Forestry & SocietyWildlife Habitat/review questionsWhy are forest gaps good for wildlife?Why are forest gaps bad for wildlife?What kinds of trees do wildlife need?How do you keep the critters and the loggers happy?Pileated woodpecker

*****sumatra: live in tropical rain forests; Borneo: live in low-lying swamps one subspecies in each; can still breed, so not separate spp.*******************Younger, open pine forest will have less lichen and probably fewer mushroom fruiting bodies for squirrels. Plus, they are mor open to where owls can find them??*******