5/18/2015 1 Database Management System (DBMS) A New Approach to Data Management by Kudang B. Seminar Performance Control System Data Info Process Data Store N E T W A R E Information System (IS) Model
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Database Management System (DBMS)
A New Approach to Data Management
by
Kudang B. Seminar
Performance
Control System
Data InfoProcess
Data Store
N E T W A R E
Information System (IS) Model
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Data
ProcessingSales Analysis
Data Information
Data Sales person
Sales Values
Sales Units
Data vs Information
Data: raw facts or observations
Information : data that have been transformed into a meaningful and useful context for specific end users
Sample Tabular View of Sales
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Sample Pivot Chart for Sale Analysis
Akusisi Data Geografis
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Varieties of Information Products
Extracted from Spatial Database
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Database
Integrated collection of inter-relateddata designed for the need of an
enterprise.
Data
Data
Data
Database Management Systems (DBMS)
Integrated collection of computer tools (software tools)designed for accessing and maintaining database
Database
DBMSUtilitas
Users
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Application Programs on Top of DBMS
Database
DBMS
Application programs
Users
Advantages of DBMS
Data become shareable resources for variety of users or application programs
Method of data access and maintenance becomes uniform and consistent
Redundancy data and heterogenity of data structures are minimized
Data independence
Logical relationship among data are well maintained
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Conventional Data Management
Application Application
• Data belong to a specific application program
• Lifetime of data is limited by the lifetime of application program
• Difficult data sharing
• Data redundancy and inconsistency is Introduced
• Methods of data access are not uniform
• Data structures are likely to be incompatible
Examples of software tools in DBMS
• Designing : ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram), DDL (Data
Definition Language)
• Inputing & Manipulating: DML (Data Modification
Language), QL (Query Language), Multimedia processor
• Searching & Retrieving: QL (Query Language): SQL * QBE
• Converting & Squeezing: Encoder & Decoder, Data
Converter & Squeezer, Multimedia processor
• Optimizing : Data Organizer & Analyzer
• Calculating: Math & statistical functions
• Presenting: Report Generator, Multimedia Processor
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Data Modeling: Methods & Tools
Hierarchy of Data Abstractions
View 1 View 2 View n…
Conceptual
schema
Internal schema
Database
External Level
Conceptual
Level
Internal Level
Physical Level
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Data Abstraction (cont. )
Extenal Level : describes only part of database
relevant to specific users
Conceptual Level : describes “what” to store
(entity & attributes) , constraints, semantics, data integrity & security, also relationships among data
Internal Data : describes “how” data is organized &
stored (memory allocation, indexing, compressing)
Physical Level : describes file structures comprising
database
Data Model
Usage: a fundamental set of tools & methods
to consistently & uniformly view, organize, and treat database .
Definition: Integrated collection of concepts, theories, axioms, constraints for description, organization, validation, and interpretation of data.
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Types Data Models
Functional
Object Oriented
Object-Based
Model
Relational
Hierarchical
Network
Record-Based
Model
Relational Data Model
Representation of data as an integrated
collections of inter-related tables
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ID StudentName ID CourseCode
CourseCode CourseName Credit
MMA.101 Rudi Wibowo
SIM105 MIS 3
MMA.101 SIM105
MMA.102 Melinda
AKO104 DBMS 3
MMA.101 AKO104
MMA.102 SIM105
record
record
Field/attribute
Samples of Relational Data
Terminology
In This Document
Formal TermsMany Database
Manuals
Relational Table Relation Table
Column Attribute Field
Row Tuple Record
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Hierarchical Data Model
Representation
of data as a tree
structure (one-
to-many
relationships)
Sample of Hierarchical Data
Country
Province Province
City City
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Network Data Model
Representation of
data as a network
structure (many-to-
many relationships)
Departmen
Employee Employee
Research Work Projects
Fund Source Fund Source
Departmen
Sample of Network Model
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Functional Data Model
Representation of data using logic: predicate logic, proportional logic, & functional logic
Mainly for expert system & Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Is-bird (pigeon)
Is-bird (?x) -> Has-wings (?x)
Has-wings (?y) -> Can-fly (?y)
•Can-fly (pigeon)
•Has-wings (pigeon)Conclusion
Greater-Than(Body-
Temperature-Of (?x)),
37) Is-human (?x)
Is-Sick (?x)
Facts:
Rules:
Derived
Facts:
Object-Oriented Data Model
Encapsulation of attributes & behaviors
Inheritance of object attributes & behaviors : single or
multiple inheritance
attributeattribute
BehaviorBehavior
Object
attributeattribute
BehaviorBehavior
Object
Message
Message
Interobject communication by message exchange
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Sample of Object-Oriented Model
Creature• Breathing
• Reproducing
• Eating
Human• IS-A Creature
• Intelligent
Student• IS-A Human
• Enrolled in University
Rudi Wibowo• Instance-of Student
• Nrp: MMA.101
Eli Rosida• Instance-of Student
• Nrp: MMA.102
Animal• IS-A Creature
• Less Intelligent
Herbivor• IS-A Animal
• Eats plants