Cullurol - Universitas Negeri Yogyakartastaff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/penelitian/yosa-abduh-alzuhdy-ss-mhum/artikel-pro... · Cullurol ldentity in Tronslotion 25. ... Hoed,

Cullurol ldentity in Tronslotion25. Tronsloiing Jovonese culturol Volues in the Tourism Leoflei, sendroiori

Ro m oy o no Prom bo no n y ogy okorl olnton Prqdilo (Groduoie School of yogyokorto Slqte Universiiy)

26. Tronslotion of Tlniin Comic Series As A Function of lts posilion in The LiteroryPolysystem

Kolhorino Dike Soviq Luci (yogyokorto Sloie University)

27. 'Tronsloiion shift' in children shori story of Bilinguol Text ,,Here comes theCrocodile" in English ond ,,lni Dio Si Buoyo,'in lndonesionDevi Rosmowoti (Respoti University of yogyokorto) ................ ... I 63

28. Foreignizolion in Tronnsloiion: Promoting Culturol ldeniiiy to Globol World

Yoso A. Alzuhdy (Yogyokorto Sloie Universiiy) ..... .......... ........ l69

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the translator focused on transferring the message

as equivalent as possible into the target languageand adjusting it into the rules of target language.While foreignization is apt to be used in the faithfultranslation and semantic translation, where thewriter's intention is maintained to be seen and feltby the target readers as it would be for the original-text readers. Here, the translation may keep the

'strange' concepts as they are, and givingexplanation in footnotes or in brackets to make iteasier for the reader to grasp.

Anyway, it should be noted that notranslation is the product of absolute domesticationor foreignization. No matter what efforts a

translator makes, the translated text is always the

combination of the two strategies. If the translatoremploys one method absolutely at any time, histranslation will not be considered "excellenttranslation". Suppose he puts everything from the

western culture to idiomatic Chinese words and

images, he may violate the purpose of translation,lower the quality of his translation, mislead the

reader or even lose the readers.

The translator is the one to decide whichstrategy is suitable to the work he/she isconducting. But quite often, there are some otherfactors in one way or another steer the translator inmaking the decision, such as the publisher, theconsumer of the translation work (in what way it isordered), the policy of the authority, and the textitself (from what type of genre and into what kindof text it is translated).

3. Coping rvith the Difficulties in TranslatingCulture-Specifi c Expressions

As communicating across cultures is moreand more common in the era of globalization,translating industry also deals more in thephenomenon of bringing out the uniqueness of one

community, one specific culture, to almost all parts

of the world. Culture specific expressions maybring problems and difficulties -- or better to say

challenges -- to the translator. Baker divides the

difficulties into those at word level and those above

word level (see Baker, 1992:26-18).In dealing with the difficulties of

translating the culture-specific expressions, Bakerproposes several strategies to achieve equivalenceeither at or above word level as follows:a. using a more generic word (superordinate)

b. using a more neutral/less expressive wordc. using cultural substitutiond. using loan word or loan word plus explanatione. paraphrasing using a related wordf. paraphrasing using unrelated wordsg. omitting the expressionh. giving illustrationi. using idiom of similar meaning and form

j. using idiom of similar meaning but dissimilarform

Of all the proposed strategies above, onlystrategies (d) using loan word or loan word plusexplanation and (h) giving illustralior seemed to be

in line with the concept of foreignization, bringingin the 'other' culture to the readers' environment.Paraphrasing may as well refer to a practice offoreignization, but the examples given in Baker(1992:40,73) show more effort in describing the

concept in the target readers' perspective, thusfailing to bring alive the 'other' culture.

Using loan words with or without furtherexplanation is an effective way of foreignizing intranslation. The target readers will be introduced tothe 'foreign' concept directly and at the same timesee the context in which the concept is used.

We can easily find out examples of thisloan words 'in our Bahasa Indonesia, such as

kctmputer, kontrak, flm, amplop, hadis, kuantitas,and so on. We cannot borrow any new word fromanother language, however, as we have a certainpolicy conceming this strategy. The pronunciationand spelling, for example, have to be adjusted intoour language

In Malaysia, it seems, the strategy of loanrvords is more flexible. Many words coming fromEnglish are adjusted and adopted into Malaysianlanguage, only by changing the spelling to adjustthe reading. For example,

o interaktiuirf(interactivity),o kod (code),c fesyen (fashion),o konvokesyen(convocation),c nombor (number), andc butang (button).

This policy may come from the fact that

English is actually not a foreign language there; it isthe second Ianguage. However, this policy ofborrowing may help the layman in Malaysiaunderstand English easier as they are quite familiarwith the words, at least orally. Yet this analysisneed further and more comprehensive investigationlater.

The other strategy, giving illustration isanother simple way of translating and presentingthe new concept to the target readers. By looking atthe illustration, the rough - if not entirely -meaning presented by the writer will be understood.An example is given by Baker (1992:42) intranslating the tagged teabag from English intoArabic. The picture saves the translator fromlengthy explanation or paraphrase as this concept is

new in the target readers.

Proceeding of National Seminar on Cultural ldentity in Language, Literoture ond Tronslotion

Yogyakarta State University, 20 October 2011

Figure 1. A tagged teabag

Another examPle can be seen when

Suryainata and Hariyanto (2003:89) explain the

difficrilty in translating "Peter went Ltp to the

housetop to pray" from Greek into Indonesian,

moreover into Papua New Guinea, whose concepts

of house, as seen in the illustration below.

rttmah(Indonesian)

171

4. Conclusions

The importance of cultural considerations

has been taken into account in the process oftranslating text. Ideology in translation willdetermine which direction is taken in the translation

work. Of the two strategies mostly used intranslating culture-specific expresslons,

domestication and foreignization, the later seems to

be more promising in relation with the

communication across culture as well as for future

development of globalization in the real world'Foreignization in translation may promote

a better understanding across different cultures, and

in turn help create more balanced attitudes towards

various cultures. Despite the unlikeliness of this

strategy to be used either fully or absolutely in a

translation work, the benefits in may bring should

be considered further by the translator, the editor,

and, more importantly, the policy maker behind'

REFERENCES

[1] Aderman, G. 2007. Voice in Ttatrslatiotr"

Brictging Culttrral Divicles' Clevedon:

Multilingual Matters.

[2] Baker, M. 1992. In Other Words' London:

Routledge.

t3l -------------. 2001. Routledge Encyclopedia ofTranslation Sttrdies. London: Routledge'

[4] Bassnet, S. 2002. Translatiotr Stuclies' 3'd ed'-

London: Routledge.

[5] Campbell, S. 1998. Translation into the Second

Language. London: Addison WesleY'

[6] Hoed, B.H' 2003. "ldeologi dalam

Penerjen.rahan". In Proceeditg Kotrgres

Nasioneil Penerjemahcut. 15-16 Sept 2003'

UNS Surakarta.

[7] Machali, R. 2000. Pedomcut Bagi Peneientult'

Jakarta: Grasindo'

[8] Nervmark, P. 1988. A Textbook of Translation'

London: Prentice-Hall.

[9] Suryawinata, Z- and Hariyanto, S' 2003'

Translation: Bahasan Teori & Penuntun

P r akt i s M en erj em a h ka n. Y o gy akarta : Kani s i us'

[10]Venuti, L. 1995. The Translator's Invisibility:-

A History of Translation. London: Routledge'

oilios (Greek)

Figure 2. Typical houses in several countries

However, rvhen the illustration of the

house is given, it is much easier for the readers in

Indonesia or in Papua New Guinea (or in other

different countries as well) to understand the

concept, and at the same time get additional

information concerning the culture of the Greek,

their typical houses.

erocedding of National Seminar on Culturol tdentity in Languoge, Literoture and Tronslation

Yogyakarta State University, 20 October 2011

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