1 CRed arbon Reduction Energy Science Director: HSBC Director of Low Carbon Innovation A Stern Warning 24 th May 2007 Keith Tovey ( 杜杜杜 ) M.A., PhD, CEng, MICE, C CRed The Zicer building, its construction and performance and other Low Carbon Strategies at UEA.
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CRed Carbon Reduction 1 Energy Science Director: HSBC Director of Low Carbon Innovation School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia A Stern.
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CRedCarbon Reduction
Energy Science Director: HSBC Director of Low Carbon Innovation
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia
A Stern Warning
24th May 2007
Keith Tovey (杜伟贤 ) M.A., PhD, CEng, MICE, CEnvCRed
The Zicer building, its construction and performance and other Low Carbon Strategies at UEA.
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Original buildings
Teaching wall
Library
Student residences
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Nelson Court
Constable Terrace
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Low Energy Educational Buildings
Elizabeth Fry Building
ZICER
Nursing and Midwifery
School
Medical School
Medical School Phase 2
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The Elizabeth Fry Building 1994
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Cost ~6% more but has heating requirement ~25% of average building at time.
Building Regulations have been updated: 1994, 2002, 2006, but building outperforms all of these.
Runs on a single domestic sized central heating boiler.
Would have scored 13 out of 10 on the Carbon Index Scale.
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Conservation: management improvements –
Careful Monitoring and Analysis can reduce energy consumption.
0
50
100
150
200
250
Elizabeth Fry Low Average
kWh/
m2/
yr
gas
electricity
thermal comfort +28%User Satisfaction
noise +26%
lighting +25%
air quality +36%
A Low Energy Building is also a better place to work in
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ZICER Building
Heating Energy consumption as new in 2003 was reduced by further 57% by careful record keeping, management techniques and an adaptive approach to control.
Incorporates 34 kW of Solar Panels on top floor
Low Energy Building of the Year Award 2005 awarded by the Carbon Trust.
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The ZICER Building - Description
• Four storeys high and a basement• Total floor area of 2860 sq.m• Two construction types
Main part of the building
• High in thermal mass • Air tight• High insulation standards • Triple glazing with low emissivity
~ U – value ~ 1.0 W m2 K-1
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The ground floor open plan office
The first floor open plan office
The first floor cellular offices
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• Top floor is an exhibition area – also to promote PV
• Windows are semi transparent
• Mono-crystalline PV on roof ~ 27 kW in 10 arrays
• Poly- crystalline on façade ~ 6/7 kW in 3 arrays
ZICER Building
Photo shows only part of top
Floor
11Air enters the internal
occupied space
Return stale air is extracted from each floor
Incoming air into
the AHU
Regenerative heat exchanger
Filter Heater
The air passes through hollow
cores in the ceiling slabs
The return air passes through the heat
exchanger
Out of the building
Operation of the Main Building• Mechanically ventilated that utilizes hollow core ceiling slabs as supply air ducts to the space
Space for future chilling
Recovers 87% of Ventilation Heat Requirement.
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Importance of the Hollow Core Ceiling Slabs
The concrete hollow core ceiling slabs are used to store heat and coolness at different times of the year to provide comfortable and stable temperatures
Cold air
Cold air
Draws out the heat accumulated during
the dayCools the slabs to act as a cool store the following day
Summer night
night ventilation/ free cooling
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Importance of the Hollow Core Ceiling Slabs
The concrete hollow core ceiling slabs are used to store heat and coolness at different times of the year to provide comfortable and stable temperatures
Warm air
Warm air
Pre-cools the air before entering the
occupied space
The concrete absorbs and stores
the heat – like a radiator in reverse
Summer day
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Importance of the Hollow Core Ceiling Slabs
The concrete hollow core ceiling slabs are used to store heat and coolness at different times of the year to provide comfortable and stable temperatures
Winter Day
The concrete slabs absorbs and
store heat
Heat is transferred to the air before entering
the room
Winter day
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Importance of the Hollow Core Ceiling Slabs
The concrete hollow core ceiling slabs are used to store heat and coolness at different times of the year to provide comfortable and stable temperatures
Winter NightWhen the internal air temperature drops, heat stored in the
concrete is emitted back into the room
Winter night
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Performance of ZICER Building
• Initially performance was poor• Performance improved with new Management Strategy
20052004
EFry
ZICER
New Management
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The Energy Signature from the Old and the New Heating Strategies
0
200
400
600
800
1000
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Mean external temperature over a 24 hour period (degrees C)
Hea
tin
g an
d h
ot-w
ater
co
nsu
mp
tion
(k
Wh
/day
)
New Heating Strategy Original Heating Strategy
The space heating consumption has reduced by 57%
800
350
Acknowledgement: Charlotte Turner
Good Management has reduced Energy Requirements
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Effect of New Control Strategies on Thermal Comfort
Number Mean Vote Number Mean Vote
2004 224 0.10 352 0.12
2005 256 0.12 273 0.44
Winter Summer
Only data for relevant Metabolic Rates included in above table
• Will provide most of chilling requirements in summer
• Will reduce electricity demand in summer
• Will increase electricity generated locally
• Save 500 – 700 tonnes Carbon Dioxide annually
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As Built 209441GJ
Air Conditioned 384967GJ
Naturally Ventilated 221508GJ
Life Cycle Energy Requirements of ZICER as built compared to other buildings of same size and design
Materials Production
Materials Transport
On site construction energy
Workforce Transport
Intrinsic Heating / Cooling energy
Functional Energy
Refurbishment Energy
Demolition Energy
28%54%
34%51%
61%
29%
Main TermoDeck Building only
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0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Years
GJ
ZICER
Naturally Ventilated
Air Conditrioned
Life Cycle Energy Requirements of ZICER compared to other buildings
Compared to the Air-conditioned office, ZICER as built recovers extra energy required in construction in under 1 year.
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Years
GJ
ZICER
Naturally Ventilated
Air Conditrioned
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Conclusions• Buildings built to low energy standards have cost ~ 5% more,
but savings have recouped extra costs in around 5 years.
• Ventilation heat requirements can be large and efficient heat recovery is important.
• Effective adaptive energy management can reduce heating energy requirements in a low energy building by 50% or more.
• Photovoltaic cells need to take account of intended use of electricity use in building to get the optimum value.
• Building scale CHP can reduce carbon emissions significantly
• Adsorption chilling should be included to ensure optimum utilisation of CHP plant, to reduce electricity demand, and allow increased generation of electricity locally.
• Promoting Awareness can result in up to 25% savings
• The Future for UEA: Biomass CHP? Wind Turbines?
Lao Tzu (604-531 BC) Chinese Artist and Taoist philosopher
"If you do not change direction, you may end up where you are heading."
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A Stern Warning 24th May 2007
The Zicer building, its construction and performance and other Low Carbon Strategies at UEA.
Keith Tovey (杜伟贤 ) Energy Science Director HSBC Director of Low Carbon Innovation
Acknowledgement: Charlotte TurnerCRed
Carbon Reduction
CRed
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