Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display A Child’s World: Infancy Through Adolescence, Ninth Edition.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display

A Child’s World: InfancyThrough Adolescence , Ninth Edition

By

Diane E. Papalia,

Sally Wendkos Olds,

Ruth Duskin Feldman


PowerPoint Presentation for Papalia et al A Child’s World

Prepared By

Diane Feibel, Ed. D.

University of Cincinnati


Entering a Child’s World

PART 1


Studying a Child’s World

Chapter 1


Guideposts for Study

1 What is child development, and how

has its study evolved?

2 What are six fundamental points on

which consensus has emerged?

3 What do developmental scientists study?


Guideposts for Study

4 What are the three major aspects

and five periods of child development?

5 What kinds of influences make

one child different from another?


The Study of Child Development Early Approaches

Baby biographies: journals of individual children

Darwin (1877) and Hall(1904/16) made child and adolescent study scientific

Studying the Life Span:Conception to Death Integrates all aspects of human development


The Study of Child Development Then and Now New Frontiers Technology, i.e. cameras, videos, tape

recorders improved objectivity in studies. Basic Research (to answer questions) vs. Applied Research (to solve a practical

problem) Newest technology enables researchers to

study the processing of the brain as the infant or child is looking or listening to something (PET scan)


Do you see any ethical problems in the studies of Genie and Victor? Is the knowledge gained from such studies worth any possible damage to the individuals involved?


An Emerging Consensus Developmental

Domains are Interrelated

Normal Development is very Diverse

Bi-directional influence on children’s Development

History and Culture strongly influence Development

Resilience to Trauma or Deprivation

Continuity between Early and Late Development


An Emerging Consensus Developmental Domains are Interrelated:

Different domains or aspects of development affect each other as they develop, i.e. eye-hand coordination

A problem in one can affect the development of the other, i.e. poor visual skills impacts the development of eye-hand coordination

Development in one can enhance the development of the other


An Emerging Consensus Normal Development is very diverse:

Differences in personality and temperament Differences in talents and abilities Differences due to heredity or environment Differences in speed of maturation Differences due to gender, social interactions,

or disabilities


An Emerging Consensus Bi-Directional Influence on development:

Children affect the reactions of adults Adults respond to and react to children

Culture and History Influences: Children develop within an ever-enlarging

circle of influences, moving from family outward to neighborhood and culture

History is different at each point in time


Looking back, what were some of the most important influences on your development as a child?

How might you be different if you had grown up in a culture other than your own?


An Emerging Consensus Continuity between Early and Late

Development: Traumatic events early in life can have a

residual effect upon later development Children are remarkably resilient to early

trauma Development continues throughout the life-

span with one stage moving on to another


The Study of Child Development: Basic Concepts

Developmental Processes: Change Quantitative Change: Change in Amount, i.e.

height, weight, vocabulary.

Qualitative Change: Change in Kind, Structure, or Organization, i.e. understanding the world in a more mature way.


The Study of Child Development: Basic Concepts Developmental Processes: Stability

Constancy in certain Characteristics, i.e.Personality and Behavior.

Ability to Modify some Characteristics is very limited, i.e. shyness.

Ability to Modify other Characteristics is much larger,i.e. openness to new experiences.


Can you …

Summarize six fundamental points of

agreement that have emerged from the study

of child development?


Domains of Development Physical Development

Growth: Body and Brain Sensory Abilities and Motor Skills

Cognitive Development Learning and Memory Language and Thinking

Psychosocial Development Personality Stability and Change Social and Emotional Development


Can you distinguish between quantitative and qualitative development and give an example of each?

Can you identify three domains of development and give examples of how they are interrelated?



Periods of Development: A Social Construction

Prenatal: Conception to Birth

Infancy and Toddler: Birth to age Three

Early Childhood: Three to Six Years

Middle Childhood: Six to Eleven Years

Adolescent: Eleven to approx. Twenty Years

Young Adulthood: Twenty to Forty Years

Middle Adulthood: Forty to Sixty-Five Years

Late Adulthood: Sixty-Five Years and Older


Influences on Development Heredity, Environment, and Maturation

Nature vs. Nurture Maturation is the natural sequence of

development Major Contextual Influences

Family: Nuclear or Extended Socioeconomic Status: income, education,

and occupation Culture: Society or Group


Major Contextual Influences Normative Influences

Normative age-graded influences, i..e. biological or social

Normative history-graded, i.e. cohort Non-normative Influences

Individual events that impact the person Events can be traumatic or happy


Major Contextual Influences Timing of Influences

Critical Periods: Time when the presence or absence of an event can cause the greatest impact upon development.

Sensitive Periods: Time when the presence or absence of an event can cause some impact upon development.

Plasticity: the ability of the body and brain to modify or ameliorate negative impacts.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display A Child’s World: Infancy Through Adolescence, Ninth Edition.

Documents

mcgrawhill companies

late development slide

aspects of development

development of eye

normal development

development history

development resilience

periods of child development