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Biology
Chapter 9
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Respiration
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Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy.
Animal
Plant
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Mitochondrion
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Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration•C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
•Cellular Respiration – mitochondria breakdown glucose to produce ATP
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• 3 Stages of Cellular Respiration
1. Glycolysis
• Occurs in cytoplasm
• No oxygen required
• Break down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
• 2 molecules of ATP are used to start reaction
• 4 ATP molecules are produced
• Your body gets to store 2 ATP and 2 ATP go back to restart the reaction
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• NAD+ - an energy carrying molecule
• NADH when it is carrying an electron (energy)
• Glucose + 2 ATP → 2 pyruvic acid
4 ATP (body stores 2 and 2 restart the reaction)
2 NADH
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• After glycolysis the pyruvic acid molecules move to the mitochondria
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2. Citric Acid Cycle
• Also called Kreb Cycle
• Occurs in the mitochondria
• Aerobic – requires oxygen
• 2 pyruvic acid → citric acid
2 ATP
4 CO2
2 FADH2
6 NADH
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3. Electron Transport Chain
• Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
• Aerobic
• NADH and FADH2 energized electrons are passed from protein to protein
• The energy associated with highly energized electron forms ATP from ADP
• Energy being released from electron allows O2 to bond with H+ to make H2O
• Produces 32 ATP molecules
• 32 ADP → 32 ATP
• O2 → H2O
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• When your cells are without oxygen an anaerobic process called fermentation proceeds
• Provides a way to continue producing ATP until oxygen is available again
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2 Types of Fermentation
1.Lactic Acid
•Anaerobic
•Occurs in cytoplasm
•Occurs in animals
•2 Pryuvic acid is broken down into 2 lactic acid
•Lactic acid build up in muscles and causes burn or fatigue
•2 pyruvic acid → 2 lactic acid
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2. Alcoholic Fermentation
• Anaerobic
• Occurs in cytoplasm
• Occurs in yeast, bacteria, plants
• Produce CO2 and ethyl alcohol
• 2 pyruvic acid → 2 ethyl alcohol
Cellular RespirationC6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
Glycolysis(anaerobic, cytoplasm)
1 C6H12O6 (glucose) + 2 ATP → 2 pyruvic acid4 ATP (your body stores 2 and 2 restart the reaction)Aerobic
O2 presentoccurs in mitochondria
occurs in cytoplasm
Anaerobic No O2 present
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)2 pyruvic acid → 2 citric acid
4 CO2
2 ATP
electrons → 32 ADP → 32 ATPH+ + O2 → H2O
Lactic Acid Fermentationanimalspyruvic acid → lactic acidNo CO2 produced CO2 produced
Alcoholic Fermentationplants, fungi, bacteria, yeastpyruvic acid → ethyl alcoholElectron Transport Chain
6 NADH
Fermentation
Slide 5
Fig. 8.3b, p. 133
CYTOPLASM
MITOCHONDRION
GLYCOLYSIS
ELECTRON TRANSPORT PHOSPHORYLATION
KREBS CYCLE
ATP
ATP
ATP
energy input
2 CO2
4 CO2
2
32
water
2 NADH
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 NADH 2 pyruvate
oxygen
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
2
glucose
Typical Energy Yield: 36 ATP
(net)
Comparing photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis RespirationFunction Uses light to make energy
(sugars/starches)Makes energy by breaking down glucose
Location Chloroplasts Mitochondria
Reactants CO2 + H2O + light C6H12O6 + O2
Products C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP
Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O + lightC6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP