Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Development Through the Lifespan Chapter 3 Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby This multimedia product and.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Development Through the LifespanDevelopment Through the Lifespan

Chapter 3

Prenatal Development,Birth, and theNewborn Baby

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:

Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;

Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;

Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Chapter 3

Prenatal Development,Birth, and theNewborn Baby

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:

Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;

Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;

Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.


Conception and ImplantationConception and Implantation


Periods of Prenatal DevelopmentPeriods of Prenatal Development

Period Length Key Events

Zygote 2 weeks•Fertilization•Implantation•Start of Placenta

Embryo

6 weeks

•Arms, legs, face, organs, muscles all develop•Heart begins beating

Fetus 30 weeks •“Growth and finishing”


The Placenta and Umbilical CordThe Placenta and Umbilical Cord


Prenatal Development and Later HealthPrenatal Development and Later Health

Low Birth WeightGreater chance of Heart Disease Stroke Diabetes

High Birth Weight Greater chance of

breast cancer

Low Birth WeightGreater chance of Heart Disease Stroke Diabetes

High Birth Weight Greater chance of

breast cancer


Sensitive Periods in Prenatal DevelopmentSensitive Periods in Prenatal Development


Factors AffectingHarm from TeratogensFactors AffectingHarm from Teratogens

Dose Heredity Other negative

influences Age at time of

exposure

Dose Heredity Other negative

influences Age at time of

exposure


Teratogen SubstancesTeratogen Substances

Drugs Prescription Nonprescription Illegal

Tobacco Alcohol Radiation Pollution

Drugs Prescription Nonprescription Illegal

Tobacco Alcohol Radiation Pollution


Maternal Factors in Healthy Prenatal DevelopmentMaternal Factors in Healthy Prenatal Development

Infectious Diseases Nutrition Emotional Stress Rh Blood Factor Age Previous Births

Infectious Diseases Nutrition Emotional Stress Rh Blood Factor Age Previous Births


Complications and Maternal AgeComplications and Maternal Age


The Three Stages of BirthThe Three Stages of Birth


The Apgar ScaleThe Apgar Scale

Appearance

Pulse

Grimace

Activity

Respiration

Appearance

Pulse

Grimace

Activity

Respiration


Elements of Natural, or Prepared, ChildbirthElements of Natural, or Prepared, Childbirth

Classes Relaxation &

Breathing Techniques

Labor Coach Social support

Classes Relaxation &

Breathing Techniques

Labor Coach Social support


Birth ComplicationsBirth Complications

Oxygen Deprivation (Anoxia)

Breech Position Rh Factor

Incompatibility

Oxygen Deprivation (Anoxia)

Breech Position Rh Factor

Incompatibility


Medical Interventions in ChildbirthMedical Interventions in Childbirth

Fetal Monitoring Medication

Analgesics Anesthetics

Cesarean Delivery

Fetal Monitoring Medication

Analgesics Anesthetics

Cesarean Delivery


Low Birth Weight and DisabilitiesLow Birth Weight and Disabilities


Preterm and Small-for-Date BabiesPreterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Preterm Born weeks before

their due date May be appropriate

weight for length of pregnancy

Preterm Born weeks before

their due date May be appropriate


Small-for-Date May be born at due

date or preterm Below expected


Small-for-Date May be born at due

date or preterm Below expected



Interventions for Preterm InfantsInterventions for Preterm Infants Isolette

Respirator Feeding tube Intravenous

medication

Isolette Respirator Feeding tube Intravenous

medication

Special Infant Stimulation Kangaroo care

Parent Training in Caregiving

Special Infant Stimulation Kangaroo care

Parent Training in Caregiving


Infant Mortality Around the WorldInfant Mortality Around the World


Newborn ReflexesNewborn Reflexes

Eye Blink Rooting Sucking Moro

Eye Blink Rooting Sucking Moro

Palmar Grasp Tonic Neck Stepping Babinski

Palmar Grasp Tonic Neck Stepping Babinski


Infant States of ArousalInfant States of Arousal

Regular Sleep Irregular Sleep Drowsiness Quiet Alertness Waking Activity

and Crying

Regular Sleep Irregular Sleep Drowsiness Quiet Alertness Waking Activity

and Crying


Ways to Soothe a Crying BabyWays to Soothe a Crying Baby

Hold on shoulder and rock or walk Swaddle Offer a pacifier Go for a ride Massage Combine methods Let cry for short time

Hold on shoulder and rock or walk Swaddle Offer a pacifier Go for a ride Massage Combine methods Let cry for short time


Newborn Sense of TouchNewborn Sense of Touch

Sensitive to touch on mouth, palms, soles, genitals

Highly sensitive to pain Relieve pain with anesthetics,

sugar solution, gentle holding Physical touch releases

endorphins

Sensitive to touch on mouth, palms, soles, genitals

Highly sensitive to pain Relieve pain with anesthetics,

sugar solution, gentle holding Physical touch releases

endorphins


Newborn Senses of Taste and SmellNewborn Senses of Taste and Smell

Prefer sweet tastes at birth Quickly learn to like new tastes Have odor preferences from

birth Can locate odors and identify

mother by smell from birth

Prefer sweet tastes at birth Quickly learn to like new tastes Have odor preferences from

birth Can locate odors and identify

mother by smell from birth


Newborn Sense of HearingNewborn Sense of Hearing

Can hear a wide variety of sounds at birth

Prefer complex sounds to pure tones

Learn sound patterns within days

Sensitive to voices and biologically prepared to learn language

Can hear a wide variety of sounds at birth

Prefer complex sounds to pure tones

Learn sound patterns within days

Sensitive to voices and biologically prepared to learn language


Newborn Sense of VisionNewborn Sense of Vision

Least developed sense at birth Visual structures in eyes and

brain not fully formed Limited acuity Scan environment, track moving

objects Color vision improves in first two

months

Least developed sense at birth Visual structures in eyes and

brain not fully formed Limited acuity Scan environment, track moving

objects Color vision improves in first two

months


Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Evaluates newborn: Reflexes State changes

Uses include: Discovering individual & cultural differences Helping parents get to know their babiesNot a good predictor of

later development

Evaluates newborn: Reflexes State changes

Uses include: Discovering individual & cultural differences Helping parents get to know their babiesNot a good predictor of

later development

Responsiveness to physical and social stimuli

Other reactions

Responsiveness to physical and social stimuli

Other reactions


New Family AdjustmentNew Family Adjustment

Hormones facilitate caregiving

Oxytocin Prolactin Estrogens

Hormone release and effects may depend on experience

Challenge of early weeks New Roles Changed schedule

Hormones facilitate caregiving

Oxytocin Prolactin Estrogens

Hormone release and effects may depend on experience

Challenge of early weeks New Roles Changed schedule

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Development Through the Lifespan Chapter 3 Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby This multimedia product and.

Documents

copyright allyn bacon

copyright law

implantation slide

prenatal development

disabilities slide

stages of birth slide

length of pregnancy

maternal age slide