1942 Mark 1, First electromecha nical computer, using mechanical devices, weighed 5 tons, it used about 750,000 parts 1946 ENIAC, First Electroni c High- Speed, General- Purpose Computer Using Vacuum Tubes 1951 LEO & UNIVAC, First commercial automatic computers 1943 Electronic vacuum tubes, Controlling electric current through a vacuum in a sealed container 1949 EDSAC & EDVAC, First stored- program computers 1951 – 1958 Were used vacuum tubes as main logic element, punch cards (external) and rotating magnetic drums (internal) to stare data, and compilers to transform codes. 1959 – 1963 Were used transistors (with semiconductors) as main logic element and magnetic tape and disks (external), and magnetic cores (internal) to store data. 1964 – 1979 Were used integrated circuits as logic element, and magnetic core internal memor ies began to give way to metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) memory. They used silicon-backed chips. 1977 Apple ][, first highly successful mass- produced personal microcomputer, designed by Steve Wozniak. 1979 – Present Integrated circuits became large-scale and very large-scale (LSIs and VLSICs); memory, logic, and control circuits (an entire CPU) were in microprocessors; they appeared home-use PC’s; language software are very easy. 1940 Onward s 1984 First Apple Mac (Macintosh), targeted mainly at the home, education, and creative professional markets, by Apple Inc. 1981 IBM PC (personal computer), and MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System), was developped. Beyond Now, they’re being developed artificial intelligence, applications, parallel processing, superconductors, quantum computation, nanotechnology, etc., to improve computers, and they are more and more technological.