Commenton’yesterday´s’lecture:’bme.lth.se/fileadmin/.../Biomekanik/lecture5_2016.pdf · 6. 7 Biomechanics, LTH, 2012 The head in the picture below is considered as a rigid

Comment  on  yesterday´s  lecture:  

Reac3on  force  in  the  hip  

MEN  WOMAN    

Joint  system,    the  spine  

! !

The  human  spine    

!

24 vertebrae  

Atlas  vertebra,  C1  

Even  dogs…  

What  about  the  giraffe?  

-­‐  Trapezius  -­‐  La3ssimus  dorsi  -­‐  Levator  scapulae  

!

Suppor3ng  elements,  muscles  

Suppor3ng  elements,  muscles,  deeper  

Erector  spinae    (muscle  group)    

Suppor3ng  elements,  ligaments  

Mo#on  segment  1.  Posterior  longitudinal  ligament  2.  Anterior  longitudinal  ligament  3.  Vertebral  body  4.  Car3lage  layer  5.  Intervertebral  disc  6.  Intervertebral  foramen,  

nerveroot  7.  Ligamentum  flavum  8.  Spinous  process  9.  Intervertebral  joint  10.  Supraspinous  ligament  11.  Interspinous  ligament  12.  Transverse  process  13.  Vertebral  canal    

Mo#on  segment  

Range  of  mo3on  

Pelvic  3lt  

Anterior  3lt   Posterior  3lt  

!

The  intervertebral  disc  

•  nucleus  pulposus  •  anulus  fibrosus  disci  interver3bralis  •  car3laginous  endplate    

The  curvature  of  the  spine  

Scoliosis  

Standing  posture  

Rela3ve  loads  on  the  third  lumbar  spine  

Influence  of  backrest  

Abdominal  pressure  

Ar3ficial  discs  

Designing  ar3ficial  discs  

Bone  Support,  Cerament  

Healty  trabecular  bone   Osteoporo3c  bone  

Ar3fical  trabecular  bone  filled  with  Cerament  

Illustra#ve  exercises  for  the  lectures  

Deforma3on  of  a  disc