COMCEC POVERTY OUTLOOK 2014: MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY · Multidimensional Poverty Index . For Building an Interdependent Islamic World . COMCEC STRATEGY . Making Cooperation Work

3rd Meeting of the Poverty Alleviation Working Group April 10th, 2014 Ankara, Turkey

Making Cooperation Work

For Building an Interdependent Islamic World

COMCEC POVERTY OUTLOOK 2014:

MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY

COMCEC STRATEGY

OUTLINE

1. Multidimensional Poverty

2. Multidimensional Poverty in COMCEC Member Countries

3. High Income COMCEC Countries

4. Upper-Middle Income COMCEC Countries

5. Lower-Middle Income COMCEC Countries

6. Low Income COMCEC Countries

7. Efforts on Poverty Alleviation

8. Concluding Remarks

For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work

MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY

Multidimensional Poverty


Human Development


Human Development Index Multidimensional Poverty Index



multiple overlapping deprivations of the population

Multidimensional Poverty Index


Dimensions and Indicators

• Schooling (weight=16.7%) • Child School Attendance (weight=16.7%)

Education (weight=33.3%)

• Child Mortality (weight=16.7%) • Nutrition (weight=16.7%)

Health (weight=33.3%)

• Electricity (weight=5.6%) • Flooring (weight=5.6%) • Asset Ownership (weight=5.6%) • Drinking Water (weight=5.6%) • Improved Sanitation (weight=5.6%) • Cooking Fuel (weight=5.6%)

Living Conditions (weight=33.3%)



The thresholds are:

• Having no household member who has completed 5 years of schooling • Having at least one school-aged child who is not attending school

Education

• Having at least one household member who is malnourished • Having had one or more children die

Health

• Not having electricity • Having a home with a dirt floor • Owning no car, truck or similar motorized vehicle while owning at most one

of the assets: bicycle, motorcycle, radio, refrigirator, telephone or television • Not having access to clean drinking water • Not having access to adequate sanitation • Using dirty cooking fuel (dung, wood or charcoal)

Living Conditions


Multidimensionally poor:

‣ The deprivation scores for each household are summed

‣ Cut-off point is 33.3%

‣ If household deprivation>=33.3% then the household is

multidimensionally poor

‣ If household deprivation>=50% then the household is severely

multidimensionally poor




High income, 10%

Upper-middle income, 26%

Lower-middle income, 38%

Low income, 27%

Share of Income Level Categories for the Countries with Multidimensional Poverty

Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013

Multidimensional Poverty in COMCEC Member Countries

Multidimensional Poverty in COMCEC MCs


Share of Income Level Categories for the COMCEC Member Countries with Multidimensional Poverty

Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013

High Income 3%

Low Income 41%

Lower-Middle Income

38%

Upper-Middle Income

18%

Multidimensional Poverty in COMCEC MCs


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Min

Max

Minimum and maximum values of percentage of people who are poor and deprived in …

COMCEC Member Countries with High

Income

GDP Per Capita (PPP)(Current International $), 2012


COMCEC Member Countries with High Income

Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the World Bank Indicators

0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000

Bahrain

Oman

Saudi Arabia

U.A.E.

Kuwait

Brunei Darussalam

Qatar

HDI Values



Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.

0,66

0,68

0,7

0,72

0,74

0,76

0,78

0,8

0,82

0,84

0,86

BruneiDarussalam

Qatar United ArabEmirates

Bahrain Kuwait Saudi Arabia Oman

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger achieved

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Four countries are on-track, two countries are off-track, one is regressing

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Two countries are successful, two countries are on-track, three countries are off-track

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Four countries are off-track, two countries are on-track, one country is regressing



Achievements on the MDGs

COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-

Middle Income

GDP Per Capita (PPP)(Current International $), 2012


COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income

Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the World Bank Indicators

0 4.000 8.000 12.000 16.000 20.000

IraqJordanAlgeria

SurinameMaldives

AlbaniaTunisia

AzerbaijanTurkmenistan

Iran, Islamic…Kazakhstan

LebanonGabon

MalaysiaLibya

Turkey

GHI Values



Source: IFPRI, 2013.

Country 1990 1995 2000 2005 2013

Albania 9.2 6 7.8 6.1 5.2

Algeria 7 7.7 5.3 <5 <5

Azerbaijan - 14.5 11.9 5.4 <5

Gabon 9.7 8 7.8 6.9 7.2

Iran, Islamic Rep. 8.5 7.4 6.1 <5 <5

Jordan 5.1 5.2 <5 <5 <5

Kazakhstan - <5 5.3 <5 <5

Lebanon <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

Libya <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

Malaysia 9.5 7.1 6.9 5.8 5.5

Suriname 11.3 9.9 11.1 8.9 6.7

Tunisia <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

Turkey <5 5 <5 <5 <5

Turkmenistan - 10.3 8.6 6.6 <5

HDI Values




0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

Multidimensional Poverty Rates




00

02

04

06

08

10

12

14

16

Kazakhstan Albania Azerbaijan Turkey Suriname Iraq Jordan Tunisia Maldives

Intensity of Deprivation among the Multi-dimensionally Poor




00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Contributions of the Dimensions of MPI




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Contribution ofdeprivation to overallpoverty - LivingStandards (%)

Contribution ofdeprivation to overallpoverty - Health (%)

Contribution ofdeprivation to overallpoverty - Education (%)

People who are poor and deprived in education (% Population)



Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013. * Schooling refers to the indicator of “No one has completed five years of schooling” and Child School Attendance refers to the indicator of “At least one school age child not enrolled in school.”

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

People who are poor and deprived in schooling*

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

People who are poor and deprived in child school attendance*

People who are poor and deprived in Health (% Population)



Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013. * Child Mortality refers to the indicator of “One or more children have died” and Nutrition refers to the indicator of “At least one member is malnourished.”

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

People who are poor and deprived in child mortality*

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

People who are poor and deprived in nutrition*

People who are Poor and Deprived in Living Conditions (% Population)



Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013.

01

23

45

67

Perce

ntage

of po

pulat

ion

Albania Tunusia Turkey Azerbaijian Iraq Suriname Jordan MaldivesKazakhstan

Electricity Improved Sanitation Drinking WaterFlooring Cooking Fuel Asset Ownership

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Eight countries are successful

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Seven countries are on-track, four countries are regressing

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Five countries are successful, six countries are on-track, five countries are off-track

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Two countries are successful, one country is on-track,12 countries are off track, one country is regressing




COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-

Middle Income

GDP Per Capita (PPP)(Current US$), 2012


COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income

Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the World Bank Indicators.

0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000

Senegal

Cote d'Ivoire

Sudan

Cameroon

Yemen, Rep.

Mauritania

Nigeria

Pakistan

Guyana

Uzbekistan

Indonesia

Morocco

Syrian Arab Republic

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Poverty Headcount Ratio at US$1.25 a day (PPP) (%)




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

GHI Values




Country 1990 1995 2000 2005 2013 Cameroon 23.7 23.8 20.3 16.3 14.5 Côte d'Ivoire 16.3 16.5 17.3 16.4 16.1 Djibouti 33.5 28.5 27.7 24.0 19.5 Egypt 7.0 6.2 5.2 <5 <5 Guyana 14.3 10.2 8.2 8.0 6.6 Indonesia 19.7 16.9 15.5 14.6 10.1 Mauritania 22.7 16.2 17.2 14.6 13.2 Morocco 7.8 6.9 6.2 6.5 <5 Nigeria 25.3 22.6 17.9 16.3 15.0 Pakistan 25.9 22.8 21.6 21.2 19.3 Senegal 18.1 19.8 19.2 13.7 13.8 Sudan 31.1 25.7 27.2 24.7 27.0 Syrian 7.7 6.1 <5 5.1 <5 Uzbekistan - 8.3 9.3 6.6 5.3 Yemen 29.8 27.7 26.9 27.9 26.5

HDI Values




0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

Multidimensional Poverty Rates




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80





00

10

20

30

40

50

60





0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Living Conditions

Health

Education

People who are Poor and Deprived in Education (% population)




0 10 20 30 40

PalestineUzbekistan

GuyanaSyria

EgyptIndonesiaMorocco

YemenDjibouti

PakistanCameroon

NigeriaCote d'Ivoire

SenegalMauritania


0 20 40 60

PalestineUzbeki…

GuyanaSyria

EgyptIndone…

MoroccoDjibouti

Camer…Nigeria

PakistanMaurit…

YemenCote…

Senegal


People who are Poor and Deprived in Health (% Population)




0 10 20 30 40 50

PalestineUzbekis…

SyriaEgypt

GuyanaDjibouti

IndonesiaMaurita…

PakistanCamero…NigeriaYemen

Cote…Senegal

People who are poor and deprived in child mortality *

0 20 40 60

PalestineUzbekistan

EgyptSyria

MoroccoGuyana

CameroonDjibouti

MauritaniaNigeria

Senegal


People who are Poor and Deprived in Living Conditions (% Populations)



5


010

2030

4050

60

Perce

ntage

of po

pulat

ion

Palestine

Uzbekistan

Syria Egypt

Guyana

Djibouti

Indonesia

Mauritania

Pakistan

CameroonNigeria

Yemen

Cote d'Ivoire

Senegal

Morocco


Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Three countries are successful, Three countries are on-track, three countries are regressing

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Four countries are on-track, Six countries are off-track, Four countries are regressing

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Ten countries are off-track, Four countries are off-track, one country is successful

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Seven countries are off-track, six countries are on-track, two countries are regressive




COMCEC Member Countries with Low

Income

GDP Per Capita (PPP)(Current US$), 2012


COMCEC Member Countries with Low Income


0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500

NigerMozambique

TogoGuinea

Guinea-BissauMali

ComorosUganda

Sierra LeoneBurkina Faso

BeninAfghanistanBangladesh

GambiaChad

TajikistanKyrgyzstan

Poverty Headcount Ratio at US$1.25 a day (PPP) (%)




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

GHI Values




1990 1995 2000 2005 2013 Bangladesh 36.7 35.1 24.0 20.2 19.4 Benin 22.5 20.5 17.3 15.2 13.3 Burkina Faso 26.9 22.7 26.1 26.6 22.2 Chad 38.8 34.9 29.8 29.7 26.9 Comoros 24.0 27.5 33.3 29.8 33.6 The Gambia 19.1 20.4 16.1 15.6 14.0 Guinea 21.4 21.2 22.4 18.2 16.9 Guinea-Bissau 21.7 20.8 20.6 17.7 14.3 Kyrgyz Republic - 9.3 8.8 5.3 <5 Mali 27.4 26.9 24.3 20.7 14.8 Mozambique 36.0 32.0 28.5 25.1 21.5 Niger 36.4 34.6 30.3 25.6 20.3 Sierra Leone 31.3 29.5 30.0 28.4 22.8 Somalia - - - - - Tajikistan - 21.2 22.6 19.0 16.3 Togo 23.0 19.1 20.4 18.2 14.7 Uganda 21.4 22.9 19.9 18.6 19.2

HDI Values




0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

Multidimensional Poverty Rate




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100





00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70





0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Living Conditions

Health

Education

People who are Poor and Deprived in Education (% population)




0 20 40 60 80

Tajikist…Kyrgyz…

UgandaTogo

Bangla…Gambia

Sierra…ChadBeninMoza…

GuineaBurkin…

MaliSomalia

Niger


0 20 40 60 80

KyrgyzstanTajikistanBanglad…Uganda

TogoMozambi…Gambia

BeninSierra…

SomaliaGuinea

MaliBurkina…

Niger


People who are Poor and Deprived in Health (% population)




0 20 40 60

ChadTajikistan

BangladeshTogo

SomaliaBenin

GambiaSierra Leone

UgandaBurkina Faso

MaliGuinea

MozambiqueNiger

People who are poor and deprived in child mortality*

0 10 20 30 40

KyrgyzstanTajikistan

ChadSierra Leone

GuineaTogo

GambiaBeninNiger

SomaliaUganda

MaliBangladesh

Burkina Faso


People who are Poor and Deprived in Living Conditions




010

2030

4050

6070

8090

100

Perce

ntage

of po

pulat

ion

Kyrgyzs

tanChad

Tajikista

n

BangladeshTogo

SomaliaBenin

Gambia

Sierra Leone

Uganda

Burkina Faso Mali

Guinea

MozambiqueNiger


Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger One country is successful, four countries are on-track, five countries are off-track, three is regressing

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Two countries are on-track, eleven countries are off-track, one country is regressing

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality One country is successful, six countries are on-track, ten countries are off-track

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Two countries are on-track,14 countries are off track, 2 countries are regressing




EFFORTS ON POVERTY

ALLEVIATION

Global Efforts on Poverty Alleviation

Major Programs and Strategies

‣ Millennium Development Goals

‣ Poverty Reduction Strategies of The World Bank and the International

Monetary Fund

‣ Official Development Assistance

‣ Micro-Finance Activities


Efforts on Poverty Alleviation in the COMCEC Region

‣ The COMCEC Strategy

‣ Islamic Solidarity Fund for Development and Special Program for

Development of Africa

‣ OIC Cotton Program

‣ Vocational Education and Training Programme


COMCEC Strategy and Poverty Alleviation

Strategic Objective:

o Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger in the member

countries Output Areas:

‣ Aid Effectiveness

‣ Productive Capacity of the Poor

‣ Effective Utilization of Financial Resources

‣ Monitoring Poverty


CONCLUDING REMARKS

Concluding Remarks

‣ Monetary poverty is relevant

‣ Non-monetary poverty is devastating

‣ 32 percent of the COMCEC population live under

multidimensional poverty

‣ Highest deprivations are in cooking fuel, electricity and improved

sanitation

‣ Deprivations in school attendance and child mortality are more than

20 percent for the one-third of the member countries


Concluding Remarks

‣ Education and health services should be improved

‣ Efforts towards reducing poverty in the COMCEC region should

focus on the regional and national disparities


3rd Meeting of the Poverty Alleviation Working Group

Thank You

April 10th, 2014 Ankara, Turkey

Making Cooperation Work

For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY

COMCEC POVERTY OUTLOOK 2014: MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY · Multidimensional Poverty Index . For Building an Interdependent Islamic World . COMCEC STRATEGY . Making Cooperation Work

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