Cognitive and emotional development

Cognitive and Cognitive and Emotional Emotional

DevelopmentDevelopment

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Section 2Section 2

How Knowing ChangesHow Knowing Changes

SchemasSchemas– AccommodationAccommodation

Fitting new object into schemaFitting new object into schema

– AssimilationAssimilation Change schema to fit the characteristic of Change schema to fit the characteristic of

new objectnew object

Jean PiagetJean Piaget

Swiss PsychologistSwiss Psychologist 1896-19801896-1980

Object PermanenceObject Permanence

Object PermanenceObject Permanence

People and objects are independent People and objects are independent of actionsof actions

A child realizes the object exists even A child realizes the object exists even when he or she cannot see or touch when he or she cannot see or touch itit

Representational ThoughtRepresentational Thought

Things can be pictured in a child’s Things can be pictured in a child’s mindmind– Symbols are being usedSymbols are being used

Happens when a child has object Happens when a child has object permanencepermanence

ConservationConservation

The principle that a given quantity The principle that a given quantity does not change when its does not change when its appearance has changedappearance has changed

PreoperationalPreoperational

1 ½ - 7 years1 ½ - 7 years

Concrete OperationsConcrete Operations

7 – 11 years old7 – 11 years old

Formal OperationsFormal Operations

11 years +11 years +

Emotional DevelopmentEmotional Development

Happens early in life both humans Happens early in life both humans and animalsand animals

AnimalsAnimals– ImprintingImprinting

HumansHumans– 6 months6 months– If attachment is disturbed separation If attachment is disturbed separation

anxiety can happenanxiety can happen

ImprintingImprinting

Konrad LorenzKonrad Lorenz

Surrogate MothersSurrogate Mothers

Harry HarlowHarry Harlow

Human InfantsHuman Infants

Attachment happens at 6 monthsAttachment happens at 6 months– Very strong bond between 6 months and Very strong bond between 6 months and

3 yrs3 yrs– If something disrupts attachment could If something disrupts attachment could

lead to separation anxiety - other lead to separation anxiety - other psychological disorderspsychological disorders

Types of AttachmentTypes of Attachment

1.1. Secure attachmentSecure attachment• Balance – explore and closenessBalance – explore and closeness

2.2. Avoidant attachmentAvoidant attachment• Avoids mom when leaving and returningAvoids mom when leaving and returning

3.3. Resistant attachmentResistant attachment• Mad or rejects mom on returnMad or rejects mom on return

4.4. Disorganized attachmentDisorganized attachment• Inconsistent behavior – confused Inconsistent behavior – confused

Mary AinsworthMary Ainsworth