Cin305 Lecture Notes for Week 6-7 Computer Hardware & Software

8/3/2019 Cin305 Lecture Notes for Week 6-7 Computer Hardware & Software

1/16

1

COMPUTER HARDWARE

SOFTWARE - Con,d

Week 6-7CIN 305 Preliminary Computing

Source: www.farhansherazi.com

CiN305

AtinChaudhary@FNU


2/16

INPUTAND OUTPUT DEVICES

Data Buscarries data from one component to another

I/O(computer jargon for input/output) refers to collectingdata and transporting results.

Expansion bus- the segment of the data bus thattransports data between RAM and peripheral devices

6-2

Page 88

Section DChapter2

Expansion slots, cards and ports: How does a

computer get data from RAM to a peripheraldevice?

CiN305AtinChaudhary@FNU


3/16

TYPESOF EXPANSION BUSES

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)

Advanced Graphic Port (AGP)

Universal serial bus (USB) FireWire buses

HPSB high performance serial bus

Used with digital

camcorders & video editing software

6-3



4/16

TYPESOF EXPANSION BUSES

The microcomputer motherboard typically has up to threetypes of expansion slots:

ISA - older technology, modems and slow devices

PCI- for graphics, sound, video, modem or network cards

AGP- for graphics cards

Expansion cards are built for only one type of slot

6-4

Page 89



5/16

USB AND HPSB PORTS

USB Port

Replacing serial and parallel ports

Faster

Each port can supportmore than one device

HPSB Port

FireWire ports Faster then USB ports

6-5



6/16

CABLES

6-6

Connect

Input/Output devices

Mouse

Keyboard

Printer

Monitor

Newer cables

AGP

graphics monitor USB

joy stick; scanner

HPSB video camera



7/16

MAJORTYPESOFEXPANSIONCABLES

6-7

Page 90-91



8/16

MAJOR TYPESOF SOFTWARE

Software (Programs):

Coded instructions formanipulating computerhardware and data.

Application software (often calledApplications):

Programs that perform useful functions for users

(e.g., Microsoft Access)


8


9/16

SYSTEMSOFTWARE

Programs that operate computer hardware

Operating System(e.g., Microsoft Windows for PCs);

User interface commands and/or screens through which the

user interacts with the system

(Note: user interface also has hardware parts keyboard,

mouse)

Programming languages

9



10/16

FUNCTIONSOF OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

Think on terms of peoples management

Allocation and Assignment

Allocates hardware to application software tasks(e.g., Timesharingof processor;primary memory allocation and Virtual Memorycreation)

Scheduling

Scheduling processing, inputs and outputs

Monitoring Keeps tracks of users and tasks

10



11/16

EXAMPLESOF OPERATING SYSTEMS

Windows (XP, ME, 98,95...)

Versions for home & corporate; supports Internet and multimedia;improved networking, security, and corporate management capabilities

Mac OS Apple computers, alternative to PCs; microprocessor with graphicalcapabilities


11

UNIX For different categories of computers and for networking. Portable tovarious computer hardware platforms

Linux UNIX for PCs; open source

Palm OS Handheld computers, Personal Digital Assistants


12/16


12

User Interface

Application Software

Operating System

Hardware

To put it all together

User


13/16

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Used for making application software

Todays standards: Third Generation (instructions more English-like)

Fourth Generation (easy to use)

Web development, markup languages - HTML, XML

13

CiN305Ati

nChaudhary@FNU


14/16

THIRDAND FOURTH GENERATION

Third Generation Programming Languages Example: COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language)

Business ISes; Process large data files, numbers & text

Fourth Generation Programming Languages

Report Generators (create customized reports for managers - MIS/RS)

Macros in Word processing, spreadsheets etc. software

Programming modules in tax programs, accounting packages

Languages for retrieving databases query languages (Ch. 8)

14

CiN305Ati

nChaudhary@FNU


15/16

MARKUP LANGUAGESFOR WEB

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

Controls display of Web pages

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

Describes structure of document & its data

Document transfer between different systems

XBRL

eXtensible Business Reporting Language

Making financial statements & reports easier to prepare

15

CiN305Ati

nChaudhary@FNU


16/16

MANAGEMENTOF SOFTWARE ASSETS

Rent Versus Buy Versus Build

ASP (Application Service Provider)

Company that provides software (and sometimes hardware)

that is rented over the network

Maintenance important and expensive

Selecting Software

Appropriateness, Efficiency, Compatibility and VendorSupport

16

CiN305Ati

nChaudhary@FNU

Cin305 Lecture Notes for Week 6-7 Computer Hardware & Software

Documents