Chapter 9 &10 Formation of Europe and the Middle Ages.

Chapter 9 &10

Formation of Europe and the Middle Ages

Chapter 9; Section 1

After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was divided into smaller what?

German States

Who was the first German king to convert to Christianity?

Clovis Thus creating a

very strong tie between kings and the Roman Catholic Church

Kingdom of the Franks was one of the largest and most powerful.

Under Germanic Law what is the term that refers to an amount that has to be paid by a wrongdoer?

Wergild

Which people group did the Frankish kings give land to, then convert them to Christianity?

Vikings

The leader of the Roman Catholic Church was called ______ from the Latin word papa meaning “father”.

Pope

Who expanded the Frankish kingdom and restored the glory of the conquered Roman Empire?

Charlemagne A.K.A. Charles the

Great

Chapter 9; Section 2 Feudalism

Vikings terrorized Europe until a German king gave them land in France now know as?

Normandy

Because of safety many people turned to local nobles to protect them which began

the social system known as?

Feudalism

Know the parts of the Feudal system.

Kings, Lords, Knights, Vassals, fief, feudal contract.

What was the most important gift a Lord could give a vassal?

Fief Land

What is the concept of civilized behavior endorsed by the Catholic church?

Chivalry

Chapter 9; Section 3Growth of European Kingdoms

Who established the Kingdom of England?

William of Normandy AKA William the

Conqueror

What English document limited the king’s powers and protected noble’s rights?

Magna Carta (Great Charter)

The Magna Carta was signed by what English King?

King John

Chapter 9; Section 4Byzantine Empire and Crusades

Constantinople

What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?

Justinian

Body of Civil Law

Hagia Sophia

Icons

Excommunicated The leaders of the

Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church excommunicated each other.

Schism

Pope Urban II called for a “holy war” also known as…?

Crusade Purpose was to

regain the holy lands (Jerusalem) which was lost to Muslim invaders.

What famous English king lead the third Crusade?

Richard the Lion - Hearted

What was the result of the 4th Crusade?

Instead of recapturing the Holy Land the Christian warriors invaded the Christian city of Constantinople.

What was the name for the Spanish Crusade?

Reconquista

Chapter 10; Section 1Peasants, Trade, and Cities

Peasants legally bound to work land became known as?

Serfs

What was the name for an association of people with the same occupation?

Guild Know the levels

Apprentice Journeymen Master

What system allowed manors to produce more food?

3 Field System

Chapter 10; Section 2Medieval Christianity

The church realized the need to be independent from the different lords operating in Europe, and so you begin so see the emergence of the power of the church.

What was the tribunal held by the church to suppress heresy?

Inquisition

Chapter 10; Section 3Culture of the Middle Ages

Architecture of this time is described how?

Gothic

What is the name for men who tried to reconcile faith and reason.

Scholastics The movement is

known as scholasticism

Name the scholar who argued that religious truths could be proved by logical argument.

Thomas Aquinas

Chapter 10; Section 4The Late Middle Ages

What was the name of the disease that wiped out half of the European population.

Bubonic Plague Black Death

Struggles between states and the church led to what event?

The Great Schism Two popes

appointed at the same time. Both fought for power and influence.

Who called for an end to church corruption and was killed on charges of heresy?

John Hus

What war was started as a result of the death of the king without a successor?

Hundred Year’s War

What French warrior felt “moved by God to rescue France from its English conquerors?

Joan of Arc

Political stability returned as power became more centralized and these states became referred to as?

New Monarchies