Middle Ages Timeline Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 - 1500.

Middle Ages Timeline

Early Middle Ages

500 – 1000

High Middle Ages

1000 - 1500

Background

● @ 1000, new spiritual revival begins

● Reformers return to basic teachings of Church

● Middle Ages earns new nickname – The Age of Faith.

● What other names were given to the Middle Ages?

Christianity During the Middle Ages● Missionaries spread

Christianity through Western Europe

● Monasteries – religious communities for men

● Convents – women (Nuns)

● Monks ● opened schools,● maintained libraries● copied books

● Illuminated Manuscripts

Gregory I & Papal Power

● Broadens power of Papacy (pope’s office)

● Papacy became more Secular (non-church)

● involved in political/ worldly matters

● Church money used for political/administrative purposes

Problems in Church?

●1.Priests ●1.marrying & raising

children

●2.Simony ●1.Bishops selling

church positions.

●3.Lay Investiture●1. Kings gain control of

Church’s Bishops●1.give them symbols

of their position

PLeaSe Help!!P = Priests

L = Lay Investiture

S = Simony

Simony

Hey…can I have that church

position now?

Lay Investiture

Layperson = member of church who is NOT clergy.

New Reforms to solve Problems.

1.New types of Monasteries

2.Restructuring of Church

3.New order of Traveling Monks

New Types of Monasteries

●1.The Benedictine Monastery

●1.Virtue●1.Ideas spread●2.Inspire Pope to

make changes

Restructuring of the Church

Church restructured to resemble kingdom

● Papal Curia (Pope’s advisors)● acted as a court

● Canon Law ● laws dictated marriage &

religious practices● Diplomats

● traveled Europe spreading Papal power & influence

● Tithes ● (usually 10%)● money to support hospitals &

aid the poor

Traveling Monks

● Friars ● Spread Christian ideas

to the poor● Two groups of Friars

● 1. Franciscans● 2. Dominicans

Church Architecture

● Represented wealth of Church

● Cathedrals● (“Church of the Bishop”)

● Style of architecture moved from Romanesque style to new style - Gothic

● Gothic architecture ● Stained Glass windows● Height of the tall spires● Elaborate woodwork

Romanesque Gothic

Essential Knowledge

181. What are religious communities for men? Women?

●182.Which Pope expanded the role of the papacy?

●183. What is the term for the king giving the symbols of the church to the bishops?

●184.What is term for bishops selling positions in the church?

The Crusades - Facts

● 1095 – 1291● 7 major crusades● 1st crusade - regain

Holy Land ● Religious motives &

Economic goals

(5:37)

The First Crusade

● 1095 – 1144● Called by Pope Urban II

● Byzantine emperor asks for help in protecting empire from Muslim Turks

● Most crusaders French but…include Germans, English, Scots, Italians, & Spaniards

First Crusade

● Ill-prepared.● Crusaders capture

Jerusalem on July 15, 1099

● Capture 400 mile stretch of land

● 4 Crusader States established

● 1144, northern state of Edessa recaptured by Turks

The Second Crusade

● 1145 – 1187● Organized to

recapture city of Edessa

● Crusaders defeated by Muslims under leadership of Saladin.

● Saladin & Muslims recapture Jerusalem

(3:07)

The Third Crusade● 1190-1192● Led by 3 powerful European

Kings;● Philip Augustus/France● Fredrick I

(Barbarossa)/Germany● Richard the

Lionheart/England● Only one to reach

Jerusalem

● Treaty signed● Muslims kept control of

Jerusalem● unarmed Christians could

make pilgrimages to holy sites in city

(3:22)

The Fourth Crusade

● 1198● Pope Innocent III calls

to re-capture Jerusalem● Knights became

involved in Italian economics & Byzantine politics

● Led to looting of Constantinople

● Deeper riff between Catholic Church & Eastern Orthodox Church

(1:34)

Essential Knowledge

185. Name the Pope who called for the first crusade?

186. What was the name of the territory founded by Crusaders in Palestine?

187. What Christian city was sacked by the Crusaders?

188. What is the name of the Muslim leader who defeated the Crusaders?

Later Crusades

● Less about religion - more about adventure & personal wealth

● Crusades in N. Africa for 1st time

● 1212 - The Children’s Crusade

● children died on route or kidnapped & sold into slavery

The Spanish Crusade

● Muslims called Moors in Spain

● Reconquista – ● Effort to drive Muslims out

of Spain ( ‘Reconquer Spain’)

● pushed into small kingdom (Granada)

● 1492, Granada conquered by Christian army of Spanish monarchs – Ferdinand & Isabella.

The Spanish Crusade● Spain had Jews &

Muslims● convert to Christianity

(escape persecution)● To make Christian

nation, Ferdinand & Isabella hold Inquisition

● tribunal held by Church to suppress HERESY (failure to follow Church’s teachings)

● People unfairly accused & often burned at the stake

The Crusades

●Causes●1.Christians wanted

Holy Land●2.Byzantine Emp.

asks for Help●3.Pope appeals to

Christian knights●4.Knights desire

adventure●5.Italian cities desire

commercial power

●Effects●1.Byzantine Emp.

Weakens●2.Pope’s power declines●3.Feudalism weakens●4.Kings b/c stronger●5.Religious intolerance

grows●6.Italian cities expand●7.Trade grows btwn.

Europe & Muslim World●8.European technology

improves thru contact w/ Muslims

Essential Knowledge

189. What is the name of the Spanish effort to drive out Muslims & Jews?

190. What is the name of the tribunal held to try & punish heretics?

191.True or False: Feudalism became stronger at the conclusion of the Crusades.

192. True or False: The Crusades resulted in the opening of trade between Europe & Asia.