Chapter 4 - Lifecycle

8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle

1/18

CHAPTER 4

Construction Project Lifecycle


2/18

Introduction

Six basic phases contribute to developing a project from idea to

reality:

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Conceptual &Feasibility Studies

Engineering & Design

Procurement

Construction

Start-up &

Implementation

Operation &

Utilisation

TimePhases


3/18

Concept and Feasibility Studies

Most construction projects begin with recognition of aneed for a new facility.

Long before designers start preparing drawings, andcertainly well before field construction can commence,

considerable thought must go into broad-scale planning. Elements of this phase include conceptual analyses,

technical and economic feasibility studies, andenvironmental impact reports.


4/18

For example, locationis fundamental to planning for a

new industrial plant. Where can the plant are located to

provide desirable, nearby employmentfor an adequate

supply of skilled, productive workers? What are the

present and projected costsand customs associatedwith the labour force?

What political or institutional factorsmay ease or

impede the development and operation of the facility?What will be the sociological and economic impactof

this plant on the community? What will be the

environmental impact?


5/18

Similar forethought must go into the planning for any

new project. Transportation facilities, such as highways,

bridges, airports, and rapid transit systems, not only

need forecasts of future demands, but also analyses

of how the existence or non-existence of thesestructures will actually affect social, economic, and

demographic patterns.


6/18

Engineering and Design

Engineering and design have two main phases:

- Preliminary engineering and design

- Detailed engineering and design.


7/18

Preliminary engineering and design

Stress architectural concepts, evaluation oftechnological process alternatives, size and capacitydecisions, and comparative economic studies.

In heavy construction, engineers are responsible for thepreliminary design, but they often need substantial input

from geologists, hydrologists, and increasingly fromecologists and other professionals in the naturalsciences.

Once preliminary engineering and design are essentiallycomplete, an extensive review process need to be done.

The review focuses mainly on seeking approvalfromhigher levels of management and from sources ofexternal financing, where required. Involves regulatorybodies that look for compliance with zoning regulations,building codes, licensing procedures, safety standards,environmental impact, etc.


8/18

Detailed engineering and design

Process of successively breaking down, analyzing,

and designing the structureand its elementsso that

it complies with recognized standards of safety and

performance while rendering the design in the form of a

set of explicit drawings and specifications that will tell theconstructors exactly how to build the structure in the

field.

The design professional often conducts detailed field

studies to get good engineering informationonfoundation conditions, slope stability, and structural

properties of natural materials.


9/18

Procurement

Procurement involves two major types of activities.

One is contracting and subcontracting for services of

general and specialty construction contractors.

The other is obtaining materials and equipment requiredto construct the project.


10/18

Construction

Construction is the process whereby designers' plans

and specifications are converted into physical

structures and facilities.

It involves the organization and coordination of all the

resources for the project-labour, construction equipment,

permanent and temporary materials, supplies and

utilities, money, technology and methods, and time-to

complete the project on schedule, within the budget, andaccording to the standards of quality and performance

specified by the designer.


11/18

The key roles at this stage are played by the contractors

and subcontractors and their employees from the

building trades.

There is also considerable input for inspection and

interpretation from the architect/engineer.


12/18

Start-up and Implementation

Most structures and facilities of any significance involvea start-up and implementation phase.

Much testing of componentsis done while the projectis underway. Nevertheless, as the project nears

completion, it is important to be sure that all componentsfunction well together as a total system.

In some cases, this mainly involves testing, adjusting,and correcting the major electrical and mechanicalsystemsso that they perform at their optimum level.

Also involves a warranty period during which thedesigner and the contractors can be called back tocorrect problems.


13/18

Operation and Utilization

The functional value of the project will depend upon thedecisions and implementation of the objectivesdeveloped during the preceding phases.

With a projected operational life of 20 to 25 years or

more, it is evident that the overall cost and value to theowner throughout the operating life are determinedlargely during the period from conception through start-up.


14/18

Activities of project closure

Commisioning

Start up and trial

Main objectives of commissioning:

Prove performance prediction

To pass test and check

To search for hazard

Correction of design Personnel training

Operation and maintenance of facility.

Technical support required


15/18

Issuing certificates

Completion certificate has consequences,

responsibility changed to client.

Power of S.O ceased.

L. A. D also ceased.

Remedial works start

CPC given.



16/18


Preparing documentation

Maintenance manual

To tell the client on maintenance operation.

Record drawing

As built drawing, changes, variations, etc.

Purchased equipment records

Vendor should provide technical back up. Technical specification, test certificate, operation

manual.

Correspondence

Proper storage of legal correspondence.


17/18


Finalising financial matters

Final certificate is issued.

Independent contractors are being paid.

Project team report

List the difficulties.

Lesson learned for future

Disposal of staff (Redeployment)

Handling personnel

Ensure staffs are motivated

Kee staff full informed.


18/18

End of Chapter 4

Chapter 4 - Lifecycle

Documents