CHAPTER 1 The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization World Civilization: The Global Experience Fifth Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Dec 26, 2015
CHAPTER 1The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization
World Civilization: The Global ExperienceFifth Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 1: The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers
II. The Neolithic Revolution - 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
III. The First Towns: Seedbeds of Civilization
Chapter 1: The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Introduction: definitions of civilization
Elements: urban monumental building writing specialized occupations
Connotation v. denotation
I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers
Homo sapiens by 10,000 B.C.E.
Larger brain
Tools, weapons
A. Paleolithic Culture
Developments by 12,000 B.C.E.
Hunting-gathering
Art
Spread to Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Americas
The Spread of Human Populations, c. 10,000 B.C.E.
Chapter 1: The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers
B. Human Society and Daily Life at the End of the Paleolithic Age
Variety
Bands of hunter-gatherersAgricultural settlements
Gender division of labor
Men: hunting, fishing, defense
Women: gathering, making medicine
C. Settling Down: Dead Ends and Transitions Central Russia
c. 18,000 to 10,000 B.C.E.
Hunting mammoths, gathering wild plantsTradingSocial stratificationEventually disappeared
Natufian Complex
Jordan River Valley, 10,500 to 8000 B.C.E. Barley, wheatHunting-gatheringMore densely populatedBuildingSociety: stratified, matrilineal, and matrilocalAbandoned after 9000 B.C.E.
Chapter 1: The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Neolithic Revolution - 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
Sedentary agricultureAnimals domesticatedDevelopment of towns
Causes?
Climatic shifts
A. The Domestication of Plants and Animals
Plants
Slow development
Animals from 12,000 B.C.E.: dogs, sheep, goats, pigs
The Spread of Agriculture
Chapter 1: The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Neolithic Revolution - 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
B. The Spread of the Neolithic Revolution
Hunting-and-gathering persists
Pastoralism
Sub-Saharan AfricaRoot and tree crops
Northern China
Millet
RiceSoutheast Asia, to China, India, islands
Mesoamerica, Peru
Maize, manioc, sweet potatoes
Chapter 1: The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Neolithic Revolution - 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
C. The Transformation of Material LifePopulation
Preneolithic5-8 million
By 4000 B.C.E., 60 or 70 million
D. Social Differentiation
Specialized occupationsRegional exchange of goodsCommunal ownershipWomen lose political and economic roles
Chapter 1: The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. The First Towns: Seedbeds of Civilization
A. Jericho
Jordan RiverUrbanized by 7000 B.C.E. Cultivation of wheat, barleyAlso hunting, tradingBuilding
Wall and ditchBrick houses
Plaster hearthsStone mills
Rule by elite
B. Çatal Hüyük
c. 7000 B.C.E., southern TurkeyLarge complexAgriculture, commerceShrines
Chapter 1: The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. The First Towns: Seedbeds of Civilization
C. The 4th Millennium B.C.E.
Innovations
Plow, wheelCopper and stone > bronzeStates
Larger, centralized
Trade networks
Writing facilitates trade, holding power, cultural exchange