CAADP Annual Report 2008

What is NEPAD?

The New Partnership for Africa's Development(NEPAD), an African Union (AU) strategic frameworkfor pan-African socio-economic development, is both avision and a policy framework for Africa in the twenty-first century. NEPAD is a radically new intervention,spearheaded by African leaders, to address criticalchallenges facing the continent: poverty, developmentand its marginalisation internationally.

NEPAD provides unique opportunities for Africancountries to take full control of their developmentagenda, to work more closely together, and tocooperate more effectively with international partners.

What is CAADP?

AU/NEPAD works to raise the amount and quality offood that Africa produces, in order to make familiesmore food-secure and exports more profitable. To dothis, AU/NEPAD brings together all the organisationsinvolved in Africa's agriculture – and helps them voicetheir needs and co-ordinate their work.

The framework guiding this work is CAADP – theComprehensive Africa Agriculture DevelopmentProgramme, developed and led by African nations.Established as part of NEPAD, CAADP was endorsedby the African Union Assembly in July 2003.

The four CAADP Pillars

CAADP works under four Pillars, each dealing with keyissues in African agriculture.

The link between NEPAD and CAADP

CAADP is NEPAD's most important initiative. The roleof NEPAD in CAADP is to push for deep-seatedchanges in how agricultural 'business' is done in Africa.This means realising the CAADP goals in countrieswhilst also maintaining agriculture as a priority forsustainable development.

NEPAD supports regional economic communities andcountries in bringing about these comprehensivechanges. To do this, NEPAD encourages investment inagricultural development programmes that directlytarget productivity goals and CAADP Pillar priorities.

Mrs Rhoda Peace Tumusiime, a key advocate ofCAADP, was elected Commissioner for Rural Economyand Agriculture at the African Union Commission inMay 2008. Her department deals with agriculture andfood security, the rural economy and environment,and natural resources management. In collaborationwith staff at the NEPAD Secretariat she has providedguidance on integrating work done by NEPAD'sAgriculture Unit into the structures and processes ofher department. She previously served in thegovernment of the Republic of Uganda asCommissioner for Agricultural Planning andDevelopment and, prior to that, Commissioner forWomen and Development.

Commissioner Tumusiime

NEPAD and CAADP

1. NEPAD promotes CAADP principles in CAADP implementation processes and investment programmes.

2. NEPAD manages communication and information to support the implementation of the CAADP Agenda and partnerships.

3. NEPAD facilitates and coordinates monitoring and evaluation. This includes assessing impact and facilitating peer reviewand the sharing of lessons.

4. NEPAD builds partnerships and coalitions tolink resources with agricultural investment programmes.

5. NEPAD focuses on harnessing key thinking and experience on emerging national, international and global issues related to agriculture, to articulate African perspectivesand contribute to the evolution of the CAADP Agenda.

www.nepad-caadp.net

Contents

i

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii

Africa's response to the crisis in food prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Aligning responses with the CAADP framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Mobilising resources in response to the crisis in food prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Implementing the CAADP Strategy in 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Advancing CAADP on the ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Making agriculture a priority for Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Facilitating and coordinating monitoring and evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Linking resources with programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Harnessing key thinking and experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Regional economic communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Tailoring CAADP to regional agendas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Country round tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Moving ahead on country round tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

The CAADP Pillars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Pillar I: Extending the area under sustainable land management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Pillar II: Improving rural infrastructure and trade-related capacities for market access . . .26

Pillar III: Increasing food supply and reducing hunger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Pillar IV: Agricultural research, technology dissemination and adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Staff 2008-09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

www.nepad-caadp.net

Foreword

iii

When African leaders endorsed CAADP in 2003 andpositioned agriculture at the top of the continentaldevelopment agenda, they were ahead of thecurrent global consensus on the need to focus onagriculture as a way to banish poverty and hunger inAfrica.

More than anything, this African voice hascontributed to the global surge of support forAfrican agriculture in the context of CAADP.

From 2004 to 2008, every G8 Summit cited CAADPas the framework for boosting agriculture and doingaway with hunger in Africa. The World Bank has nowaligned its African agriculture strategy to CAADP.The European Community paper on advancingemerging African agriculture and its evolvingagriculture strategy is firmly aligned to CAADP. Manykey bilateral agencies, the UK Department forInternational Development (DFID), United StatesAgency for International Development (USAID),Deutsche Gesellschaft für TechnischeZusammenarbeit GmbH (GTZ), the NetherlandsDevelopment Agency, the Norwegian Government,the Canadian International Development Agency(CIDA), Swedish International DevelopmentalAgency (SIDA) and Japan International CooperationAgency (JICA) support CAADP in African regionsand countries.

This rallying of international support to transformAfrican agriculture around CAADP is a significantdevelopment. This is the first time in the history ofAfrican agriculture that African leaders have adopteda collective framework which tackles growth,poverty and hunger in such a comprehensivemanner. This is also the first time that theinternational development community has begun toharmonise support around a framework and visionfor the future of African agriculture.

In this, the second CAADP annual report, we showhow CAADP has gathered momentum and hit newheights in 2008. Dramatically rising food pricessuddenly focused global attention on the importantrole that agriculture plays in national economies andon what happens when we fail to invest in theagricultural sector.

The food crisis turned the spotlight on speeding upadoption and implementation of the CAADP agendaand framework at country and regional levels. Overthe last five years, African governments and theregional economic communities have mobilised thecontinent's intellectual and institutional capacities

and revitalised agricultural development through theCAADP agenda and framework. Supported bydevelopment partners, African governments arerefocusing on agriculture as a way to lift thecontinent out of poverty.

In 2008 there were clear and significant successes inCAADP implementation. CAADP has moved fromstrategy to action and is a reality on the ground asmore countries engage in CAADP round tables.Development partners are coming onboard andtaking this great strategic opportunity to really movethe agriculture agenda ahead over the course of thenext 10-20 years.

Looking ahead to 2009, the Five-Year CAADP Reviewwill be important for identifying best practices, newways forward and new ways of thinking about andimplementing CAADP. We will also showcase CAADPthrough exhibitions and multi-media at a 'CAADPDay' before the AU Summit in June 2009. Thisspecial CAADP Day will give African leaders, CSOs,businesses and development partners a chance todiscuss agriculture in Africa, where it is now, and theway forward.

CAADP is an outstanding example of a programmethat is making progress because it inspires andenergises African agricultural research institutions,indigenous farmers' associations and Africangovernments who believe in the pivotal role ofagriculture in development. In addition, manydevelopment partners who were looking for achampion for agricultural development have ralliedaround CAADP.

Africans are not sitting back waiting for change tocome through the door, but are springing up eagerlyto open the door for change.

Richard MkandawireAdvisor, Agriculture Unit, NEPAD Secretariat

www.nepad-caadp.net

Africa's response to the crisis in food prices

1

According to the United Nations Food andAgriculture Organization (FAO) food price index,global food prices rose by 9% in 2006, 23% in 2007and then shot up by a staggering 54% in the 12months ending April 2008. In Africa, the prices ofbasic foodstuffs such as bread, rice, meat and milknearly doubled in three years and raised fears thatmalnutrition and hunger would grow.

In CAADP there was an African-defined frameworkfor restoring agriculture growth and food security inAfrica. With CAADP well established, a mechanismwas in place to align responses with Africanpriorities. This meant that regional economiccommunities, countries and development partnerscould coordinate their responses to the crisis.Escalating food prices were the priority on theagenda of the meeting of AU/NEPAD, the regionaleconomic communities (RECs) and CAADP countryfocal points, held in the Seychelles in March.

High Food Prices Action PlanIn May, AU/NEPAD, with the support of the UnitedNations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)and the World Bank, brought togetherrepresentatives from countries hardest hit by therising food prices with key development partners inPretoria, South Africa. Countries and partners - theWorld Bank (WB), World Food Programme (WFP),International Fund for Agricultural Development(IFAD), the African Development Bank (AfDB), FAOand bilateral partners including the United StatesAgency for International Development (USAID), UK

Prices of grains such as rice more than doubled in 2007/8.

Department for International Development (DFID),Deutsche Gesellschaft für TechnischeZusammenarbeit GmbH (GTZ), Norwegian Agencyfor International Development (NORAD) and theJapan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) -came up with a High Food Prices Action Plan forboth immediate responses and longer termsolutions.

Task force follow upA task force led by the African Union and the NEPADSecretariat and supported by the Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO),International Fund for Agriculture Development

High Food Prices Action Plan

The High Food Prices Action Plan developed inMay, set out activities to support 19 countries.Since then the number of countries involvedhas risen to 34 as more countries have soughthelp to analyse their situation, identify and planresponses, and mobilise resources to financeresponses.

Short-term measures to cushion the effects ofrising food prices

Provide humanitarian assistance for the most vulnerableSubsidise inputs such as fertilisers and seedsSet up cash- and food-based safety nets, e.g. cash or food for work, and nutritional supplementsAssist livestock keepers with restocking and feed

Medium- to long-term measures to boostproduction of staple foods through CAADP Pillar III

Boost agricultural production through investing in soil and water management practicesIncrease arable land under irrigationIncrease support for promotion of regional markets, for example for fertilisersEngage with national governments to address policy reforms that will create an enabling environment for agricultural growth, for example improving rural infrastructure

Aligning responses with the CAADP framework

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(IFAD), the World Food Programme (WFP), UnitedNations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the AfricanDevelopment Bank (AfDB), the World Bank andregional economic communities followed up on theAction Plan at bi-monthly teleconferences.

Country backstopping missionsAU/NEPAD led task force backstopping missions,taking advantage of the missions and task forceteleconferences to facilitate and support alignmentand integration of the food crisis initiatives to theCAADP framework and country round-tableprocesses.

In Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi,Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda,Senegal, Sierra Leone, Swaziland, Uganda andZambia, the missions worked with developmentpartners to put in place urgent short-terminterventions as well as the medium-term roadmapfor accelerating the CAADP round-table process.

Within the mandate of the multi-partner initiative tosupport countries suffering the effects of rising foodand energy prices, AU/NEPAD worked to mobilisefunds to help countries in need. InternationalFinancial Institutions and multilateral and bilateraldevelopment partners responded to support bothshort- and long-term interventions.

International Financial InstitutionsThe African Development Bank (AfDB) reallocatedUS$127 million in 16 countries for the purchase ofinputs. AfDB also approved 11 short-termemergency grants of US$5.5 million for accelerateddisbursement.

The World Bank provided US$1.2 billion globally asimmediate financial assistance for countries worsthit by the high food price crisis. Africa benefitedfrom a US$200 million package for high prioritycountries.

Mobilising resources in response to thecrisis in food prices

The World Bank's provision of US$200million for high priority countries in Africa (last quarter 2008)

Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$9 millionBurundi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$10 millionCentral African Republic . . . . . . .$7 millionGuinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$10 millionGuinea Bissau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$5 millionLiberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$10 millionMadagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$10 millionMauritania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$9 millionMozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$10 millionNiger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$7 million Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$10 millionSierra Leone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$7 millionSomalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$7 millionSouthern Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . .$5 millionTogo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$7 million Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$200 million

As of mid to late 2008

In regions such as East Africa, livestock trade accounts for close toUS$60 million per year. A key aspect of the High Food Prices ActionPlan is to assist livestock keepers with restocking and feed.

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Multilateral partnersFAO committed technical expertise and US$17million in emergency assistance to the most affectedcountries. The World Food Programme (WFP) scaledup programmes across Africa, focusing on 10priority countries.

Bilateral partnersBilateral development partners – France, Japan,Norway, United Kingdom and USA – also committedimmediate and long-term assistance in response tothe crisis in food prices. Immediate humanitarianassistance of US$200 million met part of theunanticipated food needs of Ethiopia, Mauritania,Somalia, Sudan, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

But partners were also concerned with addressingthe root causes of the crisis with longer termmeasures under the CAADP umbrella. TheNorwegian Government committed US$4 million(2008-09), for conservation agriculture as a medium-term response to the crisis in food prices. The joint

World Food Programme priority countriesin Africa (last quarter 2008)*

Burkina Faso:$6.9 million Critical food assistanceBurundi:$11.5 million School feeding and water andland managementCentral African Republic:$12.3 million Food safety netsEthiopia:$193 million Urgent support and safety netprogrammesKenya:$85 million Liberia:$25 million School feeding programmes andsafety netsMozambique:$7 million Social safety net programmesSenegal:$15 million School feeding programmesSierra Leone:$9 million School feeding and mother andchild nutritionSomalia:$163 million

Total: $527.7 million

*As of mid to late 2008

NEPAD-FAO programme will scale up conservationagriculture in Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique,Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe andreach over 23,000 households.


Implementing the CAADP Strategy in 2008

Samira Hotobah-During (left) the Director of Advocacy and Resource Mobilisation at FARA (Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa), and Prof.Richard Mkandawire, Head of the Agriculture Unit at NEPAD, at a side meeting of representatives from Africa at the December 2008 CGIAR AGMin Maputo, Mozambique in December 2008.

During 2008, progress in the implementation ofCAADP forged ahead. Adding impetus, the AfricanUnion Commission (AUC), the NEPAD Secretariatand the regional economic communities agreed onthe division of labour within the overall framework ofjoint responsibility. The AUC and the NEPADSecretariat built a complementary and integratedjoint work programme.

At the beginning of the year, the NEPAD AgricultureUnit held a retreat to review progress and finalise anew strategic plan to support CAADP. The newstrategy steps up efforts to support round tables andget the first 15 CAADP round tables off the ground.To do this, AU/NEPAD will:

1. Advance CAADP – manage 'quality' CAADP implementation at regional and national levels;

2. Link programmes to resources – develop international, continental and regional level partnerships and coalitions;

3. Manage communication and information – making agriculture a development priority for Africa;

4. Monitor and assess CAADP impacts; and5. Harness key thinking and experience on African

agricultural issues.

The Agriculture Unit set to and put the strategy intoaction immediately. The team engaged robustly withpartners on resource mobilisation. At the same time,the team worked with regional economiccommunities and national governments to act on theCAADP priorities they had identified. The Secretariatmanaged the CAADP calendar and communications,and consulted with CAADP Pillar institutions to drawup new memoranda of understanding that clearlyset out roles and responsibilities.

One of the key achievements in 2008 was the launchof the CAADP Multi-Donor Trust Fund withcontributions from major development partners. The


Fund will provide resources to support countryround tables and Pillar frameworks in putting inplace quality agricultural investment programmes.

Another thrust was an interactive learning sessionon the CAADP round-table processes and Pillarframeworks in February. This took stock of emerginglessons and helped participants understand both theround-table process and Pillar framework conceptsbetter. This understanding is critical to the successand quality of round-table processes. A follow-upmeeting with partners reviewed the Pillar II and PillarIII frameworks and how they link with nationalround-table processes, and agreed on a set ofimmediate actions to implement.

To advance CAADP on the ground, AU/NEPADsupports 'quality' CAADP implementation at regionaland national levels. In 2008, NEPAD helped countriesto adapt the CAADP principles, to activate the Pillarframeworks and to use the CAADP round-tableprocesses. To do this NEPAD leveraged technicalexpertise, supported regional economiccommissions and linked countries to other NEPADunits that could help.

Advancing CAADP on the ground

Advancing CAADP implementation in Liberia

The NEPAD team met with Liberian ministersand heads of development organisations – FAOand the World Bank – to fast track CAADPimplementation in Liberia. The LiberianGovernment has demonstrated its commitmentto agriculture as a tool for nationaldevelopment by aligning initiatives to theCAADP agenda.

Over the last two years the Government hasincreased support to agriculture. The nationalbudget allocation to agriculture more thandoubled between 2006 and 2008. In the2008/2009 budget, the allocation ofUS$5,472,000 to the agriculture sector was anincrease of 68% over the previous yearalthough only 2% of the overall budget. Theallocation to agriculture is still short of the 10%Maputo target agreed by African governments.

Liberia embraces CAADP for its agriculturedevelopment, NEPAD Fortnightly Dialogue 5December 2008, http://www.caadp.net/1/

The outcome of the activities to advance CAADPwas summed up in a statement from a meeting ofAfrican ministers of agriculture and developmentpartners on 'partnership for advancing Africanagriculture', held 11 October 2008 in Washington DC,organised by the African Union Commission andUSAID:

"As part of the implementation of CAADP, more thantwo dozen countries, under the leadership of two ofAfrica's main regional economic communities,COMESA and ECOWAS, are actively involved inrefining sector policies, developing investmentprogrammes, and establishing the necessarypartnerships and alliances to successfully implementthe CAADP agenda and achieve its targets of 6%annual agricultural growth rate and 10% agriculturalbudget share."

The Agriculture Unit also deepened engagementwith the Africa Union Commission Department ofRural Economy and Agriculture (AUC-DREA),holding a joint review and planning meeting in AddisAbaba.

Engaging with important constituenciesManaging communication and information is vital inmaking agriculture a development priority for Africa.This means engaging with important constituenciesin appropriate ways. In 2008, NEPAD focusedparticularly on parliamentarians and producers.

Engaging with parliamentariansCritical to the success of CAADP areparliamentarians in all African countries, as well asthose in the Pan-African Parliament, the AfricanParliamentarians Union and the East AfricanLegislative Assembly.

AU/NEPAD compiles data and information andregularly distributes briefs to AU heads of state andgovernment summits, the NEPAD Heads of Stateand Government Implementation Committee,members of parliament serving on parliamentaryagriculture committees, the Pan-African Parliament,and development partners. In addition, AU/NEPADtakes every opportunity to brief them face-to-face onCAADP.

Making agriculture a priority for Africa


Engaging with parliamentarians

To fast track CAADPNEPAD appealed to parliamentarians "tomonitor and align their national agriculturalpolicies towards the fast-tracking andimplementation of CAADP".

The appeal was made at an internationalconference on climate change and povertyeradication held in Nairobi in August – theParliamentary Forum on SustainableDevelopment and Aid Effectiveness, organisedby the Association of EuropeanParliamentarians for Africa (AWEPA).

On climate changeParliamentarians in the Southern AfricanDevelopment Community (SADC) need to takeurgent action on climate change. A SADCparliamentary dialogue on climate change,water and food security in Cape Town, SouthAfrica in October focused on the need toreview and revise legislation to better deal withthe challenges of climate change and coverexisting gaps.

The Working for Water Programme, Water Aidand Climate Systems Analysis Groupchallenged parliamentarians to play a moresignificant role in tackling this global problem.

AU/NEPAD urged parliamentarians to getinvolved in formulating an African position forthe UN climate conference to be held inDenmark, in 2009. AWEPA and its partnerswere invited to send a delegation ofparliamentarians to the preparatory meeting ofthe African Ministerial Conference on theEnvironment (AMCEN) in April 2009.

Parliamentarians told they must be involved inclimate change, NEPAD Online WeeklyDialogue 14 November 2008,http://www.caadp.net/2/

Farmers are equal partners in CAADP

The East Africa Farmers Federation (EAFF)hosted an international conferenceDomestication of CAADP and engagement ofproducer organisations in the CAADP agenda,in Kigali, Rwanda, in November 2008. Theconference linked farmers and developmentpartners, government representatives, regionalfarmer networks, European NGOs andconsultants involved in the CAADP process.

The conference attracted participants fromRwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic ofCongo, Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya.

Farmers want to be equal partners, conferencetold, NEPAD Fortnightly Dialogue 12 December2008, http://www.caadp.net/3/

Engaging with farmersAnother vital constituency is the farmersthemselves. AU/NEPAD reaches producers throughfarmer groups.

The views of farmers are crucial to the eventual success of CAADPimplementation.

Engaging with the mediaAs the most important and, in some cases, the onlyrealistic link between decision-makers and citizens,the media plays a key role. AU/NEPAD works tostrengthen the media in informing the Africanpopulation about agriculture, and the relevance ofagriculture to citizens' personal welfare and to thebroader development of Africa.

In November 2008 an Agricultural Reportingworkshop brought together African agriculture andscience journalists, and CAADP staff, to engage,discuss and debate the progress of CAADP, how topopularise CAADP messages and how to improveCAADP communications in general.

In 2008, the coverage of CAADP in the Africa mediahas soared. This has been done by issuing pressreleases, arranging field visits for journalists, takingpart in exhibitions and arranging for the media tointerview key spokespeople.

Advocating for global partnershipsAU/NEPAD also takes every opportunity to speakabout the CAADP agenda at key global, regional andnational events. The Fourth Tokyo International


Boosting media coverage of agriculturein Africa

The NEPAD Secretariat organised a mediasensitisation workshop on CAADP in Midrand,South Africa, 6-7 November 2008. This broughttogether agriculture, science and environment-oriented journalists, editors andcommunications practitioners from East, West,North and Southern Africa. Communicationspractitioners from the International Food PolicyResearch Institute (IFPRI), the Alliance for aGreen Revolution in Africa (AGRA) and theUnited Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) shared their expertise and experiences.

CAADP gets coverage in the Mail & Guardian newspaper(South Africa)

The new CAADP website, http://www.nepad-caadp.net, responds tothe rapid growth in queries and requests for information aboutCAADP activities.

Conference on African Development in Yokohama,Japan, in May 2008, the United Nations GeneralAssembly in August 2008 on the MDGs and the HighLevel Consultation on Policies Against Hunger, heldin Berlin in December 2008, were excellentopportunities to advocate for boosting agriculture inAfrica to ensure food security and alleviate poverty.

At these meetings, Africa was high on the agendaand there were strong calls to deepen globalpartnerships in support of CAADP. The UnitedNations General Assembly called for urgent action tospeed up the flow of support to deal with the crisisin food prices in Africa.

In advocacy work, NEPAD also collaborated with theAU and key partners, such as USAID and DFID, onjoint communications and events.

Responding to demands for information about CAADPIn 2008, with support from the Global DonorPlatform for Rural Development, NEPAD launched awebsite dedicated to CAADP.

Facilitating and coordinating monitoringand evaluation

NEPAD captures and shares key lessons, evaluatingthe impact of the CAADP agenda on NEPAD, andnational and continental development objectives. Aspart of this, NEPAD provides help in designing andmobilising support for CAADP monitoring andevaluation systems.


Tracking progress towards the Maputo targetIn Maputo in 2003, African heads of state set targetsof allocating 10% of national budgets to agricultureby 2008 and of reaching national agricultural growthrates of 6%. As well as allocating more of theirbudgets to agriculture, most countries will have toboost agricultural sector growth rates in order toachieve MDG1.

In 2004, only five countries had achieved the Maputobudget target. In the last decade, the average budgetshare of agriculture as a percentage of the totalbudget in African countries has been around 4% and5%. But there is a wide range across countries.Countries that currently allocate more than 10% oftheir national budgets to agriculture includeMadagascar, Mali and Namibia, based on IMFfigures, and Chad, Ethiopia and Niger, based on datafrom the AU/NEPAD.

Kenya set a target of 10% for agriculture

The Permanent Secretary in Kenya's Ministry ofAgriculture, Dr Romano Kiome, says Kenya isworking towards achieving the CAADP 10%budget allocation to the agriculture sector,although for now it is still low at 4.5% of grossdomestic product (GDP).

Kenya targets 10% for agriculture, NEPADOnline Weekly Dialogue 31 October 2008,http://www.caadp.net/5/

Burundi's agriculture minister Ferdinand Nderagakura (second from right) spent the past year consulting closely with Prof. Richard Mkandawire(far right) and Amb. Willoughby Olukorede, NEPAD's Deputy Chief Executive (centre) on how to align Burundi's national agricultural strategytowards CAADP.

Reversing past downward trends in agriculturalspending is imperative for broad-based poverty andhunger reduction. So far, neither governments nordonors are meeting their stated commitments toincreasing agricultural spending.

Productivity growth is a fundamental source ofgrowth in agricultural output. Since 2002, thecontinent's annual growth rate has hovered around6% to 7%, and estimates by the IMF predict asimilar rate for 2008 and 2009. The continent'sagricultural growth rate surpassed the CAADP 6%target in 2007, reaching 6.5%.


Progress towards the Maputo target

Agricultural sector budget sharesAfrican heads of state met in Maputo, Mozambique, in 2003, and pledged to allocate 10% of nationalbudgets to agriculture development by 2008. At the same time, leaders also threw their political weightbehind CAADP. An African Union/NEPAD 2007 survey found that only eight countries have achievedthe Maputo declaration target – see the figure below.

Source: AU/NEPAD 2009

In addition, nine other countries (Benin, Chad, Mauritania, Nigeria, São Tomé and Principe, Sudan,Swaziland, Uganda and Zambia) are making good progress (5%-10%) towards the target. As thebudget allocations for agricultural development increase, we need to ensure that the increasedresources go to the CAADP priority areas, in order to ensure that a 6% annual growth rate is attainedfor the agriculture sector.

The reasons for failure in achieving the 10% target include: instability; shifting emphasis from agriculture to manufacturing in some countries; failure of the ministries of agriculture to provide compelling evidence that the agriculture sector can make a significant contribution to a country's economic development;low domestication/internalisation/ownership of the 2003 Maputo Declaration; lack of AU sanctions for countries that fail to comply; conditions attached to donor funds being sometimes difficult to fulfil, making disbursements lower than anticipated; inadequate capacity to spend what is allocated, causing ministers of finance to cut sector allocations in subsequent budgets; unplanned responses to national emergencies, such as HIV/AIDS and natural disasters (bad weather), which divert resources away from other sectors; inadequate high level political will to inspire the country to prioritise agriculture in the national budget; inadequate policy strategies for the agricultural sector; a mistaken belief that agriculture receives donor support and is not capital intensive; diversion of resources from priority sectors to service debt, among others.

Annual agricultural sector growth ratesSince 2003 the number of countries that have achieved the CAADP growth target of 6% has nearlydoubled. But progress towards an agricultural sector growth rate of 6% needs to be stepped up.

Ten countries exceed the target

Agricultural growth rates in Angola, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Republic of the Congo, Gambia,Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Senegal, and Tanzania exceed 6%.

Four countries achieved sector growth rates of between 5% and 6% – Rwanda, Benin, Ghana andUganda – between 2003 and 2005.

Source: UN Statistics Division, 2008; WDI, 2008 http://www.resakss.org/

http://www.resakss.org/content/AW_CAADP6_COUNTRY.gif

Tenfold increase in agricultural production in MalawiCAADP has seen Malawi increase its agricultural production tenfold and deal decisively with foodinsecurity.

Kenya targets 10% for agriculture, NEPAD Online Weekly Dialogue 31 October 2008,http://www.caadp.net/5/


The CAADP targets are aimed at boosting infrastructure, market access and the involvement of the local private sector in agriculture, all ofwhich are crucial to the livelihoods of many farmers and informal roadside sellers.


Validating the 2007 surveyDuring 2008, the AU and NEPAD analysed the datafrom a 2007 survey of progress towards the Maputotarget. In December, AU and NEPAD convened aworkshop in Pretoria, South Africa, to validate thefindings. Ministry of agriculture directors of policyand planning, and ministry of finance and planningdirectors of budget, technical staff of the regionaleconomic communities and development partnerstook part. The findings will be presented to the nextAU Summit in 2009.

Developing a monitoring and evaluation frameworkNEPAD and the Regional Strategic Analysis andKnowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) aredeveloping the CAADP Monitoring and Evaluation(M&E) framework. The first draft of the M&Eframework document is already available and thenext steps will be finalised in the first half of 2009.

CAADP five-year reviewA major area of cooperation between the AUC andNEPAD has been in organising the CAADPimplementation and review forum to review andshare lessons on implementation.

Validation of 2007 agriculturalexpenditure tracking survey

NEPAD convened a workshop of top civilservants from AU member states, members ofregional economic communities anddevelopment partners, in Pretoria, SouthAfrica, 4-5 December 2008, to endorse thefindings of the 2007 survey tracking agricultureexpenditure.

The World Bank and the UN Food andAgriculture Organization (FAO) funded NEPADto conduct the survey to assess the progressmade by African countries in complying withthe Maputo decision.

The participants of the Pretoria validationworkshop reviewed, discussed and approvedboth the survey report and a guidance note onimplementation of the tracking system andmeasures to move countries more quicklytowards the target of allocating at least 10% ofthe national budget to agriculturaldevelopment.

Keeping a check on budget allocations toagriculture, NEPAD Fortnightly Dialogue 12December 2008, http://www.caadp.net/6/

The evaluation reviewed the vision and providesguidance and recommendations on how to optimisethe chances of success and enhance ownership ofCAADP at various levels. The evaluation will informand guide the direction of CAADP for the next 5-10years.

In early 2009, NEPAD will host a high-level Five-YearCAADP Review Meeting. The meeting will bringtogether key actors in the public and private sectorsto examine the recommendations of the review andto examine what more can be done to build acompetitive and productive agricultural sector inAfrica. The meeting will be a chance to step upCAADP implementation and see how nationalgovernments can align their priorities with theCAADP agenda.

The interim report will be discussed at the Ministersof Agriculture meeting in April 2009 and the finalreport will be considered by the Heads of Stateduring the AU Summit on Agriculture in June 2009.

Collaboration between major developmentorganisations and the NEPAD Secretariat is graduallyaligning the design and funding of developmentprogrammes to CAADP. For example, the WorldBank agriculture strategy for Africa now aligns withCAADP Pillars. The European Commission strategypaper Advancing African Agriculture integratesCAADP. Sweden has put a new emphasis onagriculture and the United States has launched anInitiative to End Hunger in Africa.

Strengthening partnershipsStrong partnerships are vital for the success ofCAADP. During 2008 NEPAD stepped up work tomobilise resources for the TerrAfrica Partnership andfor African fisheries and aquaculture. Following upon the 2006 Africa Fertiliser Summit, held in Abuja,work by the NEPAD Secretariat, AU and the AfricanDevelopment Bank saw the establishment of theAfrica Fertiliser Financing Mechanism in 2008. Thenew CAADP Multi-Donor Trust Fund was launched inOctober 2008 with commitments of around US$50million.

In addition to bilateral and multilateral partners,philanthropic organisations have also started toemerge as significant partners in African agriculture.

Linking resources with programmes


Africa Fertiliser Financing Mechanism partnershipFollowing up on the 2006 Africa Fertiliser Summit,held in Abuja, work by the NEPAD Secretariat, AUand the African Development Bank saw theestablishment of the Africa Fertiliser FinancingMechanism in 2008. The Government of Nigeria, theGates Foundation, the International Fund forAgricultural Development (IFAD) and other partnershave already pledged over US$35.2 million.

Partnership in the Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF)The new CAADP Multi-Donor Trust Fund waslaunched in October 2008 with commitments ofaround US$50 million. The fund is an importantmechanism for financing the implementation ofCAADP, and supporting regional economiccommunities, CAADP Pillar institutions, the NEPADSecretariat, the African Union Commission andindividual countries.

The African constituency, the AU, NEPAD, regionaleconomic communities and African CAADP Centresof Excellence will be central in the governance of theFund. NEPAD and AU will provide overall leadership.The Fund will also leverage additional funds at thecontinental level.

Global Fund for AgricultureThe NEPAD Secretariat will advocate for CAADP inthe global discussions on a global fund foragriculture. AU/NEPAD will present a position paperon the financing of African agriculture at the AUSummit in June 2009.

Philanthropic partners investing in African agriculture

One of the major philanthropic partnersinvesting in African agriculture is the Alliancefor a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), a jointventure of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundationand the Rockefeller Foundation. AGRA assistssmall farmers in 13 countries and expects toexpand to at least seven more countries. Byearly 2009, AGRA will have invested more thanUS$500 million in agricultural programmessuch as seed systems, soil improvement,irrigation, improved access to markets, andextension and policy.

Source: The 10 Percent that Could ChangeAfrica IFPRI Forum October 2008,http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/newsletters/ifpriforum/IF200810.asp

Partnerships to develop agro-dealernetworks

The Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa(AGRA) has launched agro-dealer networkdevelopment projects in eight countries –Malawi, Tanzania, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Mali,Uganda, and Zambia – in collaboration with theInternational Fertilizer Development Center(IFDC), Citizen's Network for Foreign Affairs(CNFA), Cooperative for Assistance and ReliefEverywhere (CARE), and AT Uganda. Thepartnership is investing approximately US$27.5million in the eight countries.

Partnerships to develop affordablefinancing for agricultural inputs

AGRA also set up a partnership with EquityBank Limited and IFAD in Kenya to establish aloan facility of US$50 million. This will give 2.5million farmers and 15,000 rural input shops,fertilisers and seed wholesalers and importers,grain traders and food processors access toaffordable financing.

Herbicide application can help to boost production levels.


The TerrAfrica partnershipAs co-chair of the TerrAfrica partnership, the NEPADSecretariat led preparations for the Sixth TerrAfricaExecutive Committee meeting in November, inIstanbul, Turkey. The meeting took place during theSeventh Session of the Committee for the Review ofthe Implementation of the Convention (CRIC 7) andformalised the move of the TerrAfrica Secretariatfrom the World Bank to the NEPAD Secretariat.

Partnerships to promote fisheries and aquacultureThe Abuja Declaration on Sustainable Fisheries andAquaculture in Africa, adopted by the Heads of StateMeeting of the NEPAD Fish for All Summit (Abuja,Nigeria, August 2005), underscored African politicalcommitment to optimise the contribution of fisheriesto agricultural development, as well as to economicgrowth. The NEPAD Action Plan for theDevelopment of African Fisheries & Aquaculturestresses that it is vital to create institutions and agovernance environment that will promote fisheriesconservation and generation of wealth in thefisheries sector. In 2008, NEPAD's work to set uppartnerships to bring this about started to bear fruit.

Partnership with FAO: Africa Strategy for FisheriesThe NEPAD Agriculture Unit and FAO led thedevelopment of the FAO African Fisheries Strategy.This builds on the NEPAD Action Plan for theDevelopment of African Fisheries & Aquaculture.SIDA has pledged to provide US$12 million to fundthe Strategy through FAO.

Engaging Green Wall Initiative partners in TerrAfrica

NEPAD has engaged Green Wall for the Saharapartners, led by the AUC and the Communityof Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD), throughthe NEPAD-TerrAfrica Initiative. NEPAD-TerrAfrica has facilitated expert input andcomments on the Green Wall Initiative ConceptPaper and on the Review Proposal beingundertaken with support from the EuropeanCommission. In the last quarter of 2008,NEPAD-TerrAfrica and Green Wall Initiativepartners worked out a joint operational plan for2009. This will integrate the NEPAD-TerrAfricaSustainable Land Management programmes inWest Africa with Green Wall activities.

Kick-starting partnerships with women's groups (such as this one in Nigeria) was a key aspect of CAADP implementation.

Aquaculture Network for Africa (ANAF)The NEPAD Agriculture Unit also worked with anumber of African countries, FAO and GTZ, to set upthe Aquaculture Network for Africa (ANAF).

NEPAD approached the FAO Department of Fisheries& Aquaculture to provide technical support for ANAFthrough a two-year, US$500,000 TechnicalCooperation Programme (TCP). The project,Improved Aquaculture Information Systems:Assistance to NEPAD in Implementing theAquaculture Action Plan, will improve the flow andexchange of information on fish farming throughANAF.

Experts will be posted with the Lake VictoriaFisheries Organization (East African Community),


Partnership for African Fisheries (PAF)

The Strategy will enhance:Optimal socio-economic benefits from aquatic resources;Responsible and sustainable aquatic production;Efficient and effective governance systems;andEfficient and effective knowledge and outreach systems.

Aquaculture Network for Africa (ANAF)

ANAF aligns with the NEPAD Action Plan forthe Development of African Fisheries &Aquaculture and will:

Establish a regional network of aquaculturepolicy practitioners to speed the development of aquaculture strategies and integrate them into national economic strategies;Encourage private-public partnerships to support research, training and development of technology;Support regional networks of aquaculture service providers, including the private sector, researchers, universities and extensionists, to scale-up local and nationalsuccesses;Support the development of practical market information mechanisms; andEstablish an aquaculture industry association.

and ministries of fisheries in the Gambia, Ghana and Mali.

FAO Committee on Fisheries, Sub-Committee onAquacultureThe FAO Committee on Fisheries' Sub-Committee onAquaculture, at the behest of AU and NEPAD,devoted a special session to the development ofAfrican aquaculture for the very first time. NEPADbackstopped African member states participating inthe Fourth Session, held in Chile, in October. Theoutcome was the full alignment of FAO programmesin aquaculture with the NEPAD Action Plan for theDevelopment of African Fisheries & Aquaculture.

By the Twenty Eighth Session of the FAO Committeeon Fisheries (COFI) in March 2009, NEPAD willensure that African Ministers of Fisheries present aunified voice (African Voice) at COFI and engageFAO (and other partners) to invest in developingAfrican aquaculture.

FAO Special Programme for AquacultureDevelopment in African (SPADA)

FAO African programmes in aquaculture, the Special Programme for Aquaculture Development in African (SPADA), will align fully with the NEPAD Action Plan for the Development of African Fisheries & Aquaculture.FAO endorses SPADA as the framework forFAO aquaculture development work in Africa and has requested development partners to align their Africa programmes accordingly.

The new NEPAD fisheries website, Partnerships for African Fisheriesat www.africanfisheries.org, will contain research and review reports,syntheses and policy briefs, through which NEPAD intends tochampion African home-grown knowledge-based options in thediscourse on African fisheries development.


Partnership with Development Bank of South Africato support the private aquaculture sectorNEPAD and the Development Bank of SouthernAfrica (DBSA) will work together to boost investmentby the private sector in fish farming in Africa. Anumber of countries, including Malawi, Lesotho andUganda, have already set out the assistance theyneed.

Partnership with DFID: International Partnership forAfrican Fisheries Governance and Trade Programme(PAF)The DFID-funded International Partnership forAfrican Fisheries Governance and Trade Programme(PAF) will help African countries, through NEPADand the African Union Commission, to implementelements of the NEPAD Action Plan for theDevelopment of African Fisheries & Aquaculture. Theprogramme builds on successful implementation ofanother DFID-funded programme through SADC,Stop Illegal Fishing (SIF). The SIF culminated withthe signing of the SADC Statement of Commitment(SoC) in Windhoek, Namibia in July 2008, by theSADC Ministers of Fisheries. The SoC emphasisesthe need for regional cooperation on harmonisationof fisheries legislation and policies which will,amongst other things, address the massive problemof illegal fishing. A total of £7 million has beenpledged by the UK government to support the PAFover five years.

Partnerships to improve food security and nutritionFollowing the Abuja Food Security Summit inDecember 2006, and because of the crisis in foodprices, work to enlist the support of national,regional and international partners and make bestuse of the resources they provide has stepped up.

Partnership with the Development Bankof South Africa (DBSA) to support privatesector fish farming

DBSA will:Help NEPAD stakeholders make investments that will have development impacts as well as make profits;Catalyse investment and promote development of private sector fish farming;Support and promote development of human resources and institutions; andHelp develop strategies to mitigate risks and capacity constraints in the private and public sectors.

The African Task Force for Food and Nutrition,chaired by the AU and including RECs, AfDB, FAO,WFP, UNICEF, the Global Alliance for ImprovedNutrition (GAIN) and bilateral and multilateralagencies, is working with renewed vigour. The TaskForce mobilises resources and advocates foreffective implementation of nutrition and foodsecurity initiatives across sectors. The Task Forcealso works to build capacity.

The Micronutrient Initiative, Helen KellerInternational and the Development Bank of SouthernAfrica are important partners in the fight againstmalnutrition and food insecurity.

Plus, partnerships with the World Vegetable Centre'sAfrica Regional Centre and the Global HorticultureInitiative, both headquartered in Arusha, Tanzania,have opened doors to opportunities to addressmicronutrient deficiencies – a neglected area – andimprove nutrition across Africa. Also, the GlobalAlliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) has providedover US$30 million in grants to address vitamin andmineral deficiencies in nine African countries. Thegrants will be used to fortify food with vitamins andminerals.

To articulate and disseminate African perspectiveson the key issues that affect agriculturaldevelopment in Africa, NEPAD made up-to-dateinformation on trends in African agriculture and ruraldevelopment available both locally andinternationally. NEPAD directed strategic informationabout developments affecting CAADP to allstakeholders.

Harnessing key thinking and experience

Towards the end of 2008, NEPAD Agriculture and CIMMYT met toexplore ways of enhancing their work with regard to wheat in Africa,sustainable maize production in Southern Africa and conservationagriculture in Africa. Left to right: Dr. Thomas A. Lumpkin, DG ofCIMMYT; Dr. Maria Wanzala, Senior Lead Specialist, AgricultureMarkets/CAADP Pillar 2 at NEPAD; Ms. Bibi Giyose, Senior Advisor,Food and Nutrition Security at NEPAD Secretariat; and Dr. MulugettaMekuria, CIMMYT Southern Africa Regional Office Representative.


CAADP Implementation Guide

"The CAADP Implementation Guide is intendedto be a key document in the implementation ofthe CAADP framework. The Guide offerspractical guidance for all players from theregional economic communities, the Pillar LeadInstitutions through to the country CAADPteams on how to implement CAADP."Professor Richard Mkandawire, Head ofCAADP, at a workshop held on 24-26September 2008 in Pretoria, South Africa, tostreamline the existing CAADP Guide.

NEPAD and partners put final touches to theCAADP guide, NEPAD Online Weekly Dialogue3 October 2008, http://www.caadp.net/7/

Adding valueAs NEPAD moves towards helping regionaleconomic communities and national governmentsimplement CAADP, the Secretariat, which has beeninstrumental in conceptualising and crafting sectoralframework documents, is starting to redefine its'knowledge management and think tank' role, toleverage more value. Already, NEPAD has takensteps to develop links with centres of learning, forexample the African Institute of South Africa, Centrefor Chinese Studies, and e-Parliament and ChathamHouse in UK. These will help NEPAD synthesiseknowledge for specific target audiences intoappropriate formats, such as policy briefs.

Regional economic communitiesEconomic integration regionally and continent-wideis crucial to Africa's economic success. Most Africancountries have small populations and a grossdomestic product (GDP) of less than US$4 billion.This means that domestic markets are too small andeconomies of scale are not enough to make majorinfrastructure investments viable.

Three African regional economic communities(RECs) have agreed to merge to form the AfricanEconomic Community. The Tripartite Summit inKampala, Uganda, in October, approved theestablishment of a Free Trade Area (FTA) spanningthe member states of the Southern AfricanDevelopment Community (SADC), the CommonMarket for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA),and the East African Community (EAC).

The FTA spans 26 countries from Egypt to SouthAfrica. The 26 member countries of the groups have

a total population of 527 million and a GDP ofUS$624 billion. Ultimately the FTA will give way to asingle Customs Union.

Tailoring CAADP to regional agendasEach regional economic community (REC)establishes its own priorities based on the continent-wide Pillars and the needs of member states.

By June 2008, all RECs were working at variouslevels towards the CAADP round-table processes. ByDecember 2008, at least a dozen countries will havesigned their CAADP Compacts.

Tailoring CAADP to regional agendas

"We have to work together around the CAADPagenda in each and every country."Cris Muyunda, senior agricultural advisor forCOMESA.

It is important to tailor investments anddevelop technologies for particular regions,and create markets in industries that arespecific to those areas. In Kenya, Zambia, andMalawi, for example, investments are neededfor cereal crops such as maize, while inRwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo,Burundi, and Uganda, the focus should be onensuring the success of the cassava andbanana markets.

Source: The 10 Percent that Could ChangeAfrica IFPRI Forum October 2008,http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/newsletters/ifpriforum/IF200810.asp


Regional economic communities activities and progress

Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Regional Customs Union to be set up in December 2008/early 2009. This will zero-rate all externaltariffs on fertilisers.

Regional one-stop border posts will expedite goods clearance. Zimbabwe/Zambia and Uganda/Kenyastarted operating at the end of 2008. COMESA has put in place a fast-track clearance system forfertilisers.

Fertiliser Association of Africa planning which will pave way for the harmonisation of fertiliserregulations and standards.

Collaboration with the EAC, SADC and the IOC to design and submit a bid for regional agriculturalprojects to the European Commission Food Facility. The bid included developing fertiliser markets. Inresponse to the high food prices, the European Community Food Facility has earmarked up to € 1billion for increasing food production within the next 18 months. The facility specifically emphasisesboosting the use of fertilisers and better seeds to increase food production.

A number of COMESA member countries have started individual fertiliser subsidy schemes. Theseinclude Kenya, Zambia, Malawi and Zimbabwe.

East African Community (EAC) and COMESA Signed an MOU with IFDC to implement Strengthening Trade at the Regional Level in AgriculturalInputs in Africa (STAR) to promote trade in quality agricultural inputs in the region.

Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) Received technical assistance from NEPAD and IFDC to develop a concept note for establishing a legaland regulatory framework for fertilisers in the region. The concept note has been finalised and isawaiting final approval by the Executive Secretary of ECCAS before submission to AGRA for funding.

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Preparation of a Common External Tariff for fertilisers that includes a proposed zero rate for the 15ECOWAS member states.

Collaboration with the IFDC Marketing Inputs Regionally (MIR) project to prepare draft bills andregulations for four countries to develop a conducive policy and regulatory environment for regionalprocurement and distribution.

Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Collaboration with NEPAD and IFDC to assess the viability of existing plants and the potential offertiliser raw materials in the region.

Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)Submission to the AfDB of a concept note for a one-year study to develop a regional fertiliser policy.The AfDB has indicated that it will consider this request now AFFM has been established. In themeantime, IGAD is conducting background studies on fertilisers in member states with technicalassistance from FAO.

In August 2008 IGAD, along with the other RECs in the Eastern and Southern Africa region, developeda bid for funding of regional agricultural projects to the EC Food Facility. A number of proposals weremade on the development of fertiliser markets.


Regional fisheries strategyThe NEPAD Fish Initiative aims to ensure thatcountry CAADP programmes can access technicalexpertise and resources.

NEPAD assisted COMESA member states inpreparing a Regional Fisheries Strategy which islinked to CAADP and the NEPAD Action Plan.COMESA finalised the Strategy at the end ofNovember and convened a regional review meetingin December.

Partnerships in fisheries and aquacultureNEPAD assisted COMESA in following up the pledgefrom the Government of Egypt to provideUS$500,000 towards Technical Support foraquaculture. The technical support will help memberstates fast-track the aquaculture component of theStrategy.

Climate changeClimate change is inextricably linked withsustainable land and water management and foodsecurity, and so is a key focus of initiatives across allthe CAADP Pillars.

COMESA Ministers of Agriculture and Environmentmet in Nairobi, Kenya, in November 2008, to addressthe challenges of climate change within the CAADPframework.

COMESA agrees on measures to addressclimate change within the CAADPframework

COMESA ministers met in Nairobi, inNovember, and agreed:

To implement programmes and activities tomitigate the adverse effects of climate change;To implement activities to enhance carbon storage capacity to reduce further emissions from African agricultural and forest ecosystems;To see that early activities such as conservation farming and afforestation be implemented in the broader CAADP framework on climate change;To encourage member states to hasten the CAADP through effective national round-table processes and the signing of national compacts.

COMESA Ministers spell out action on climatechange, NEPAD Online Weekly Dialogue 14November 2008, http://www.caadp.net/8/

Climate change will bring floods as well as droughts, which willreduce farmers' yields.


Regional fertiliser strategyFollowing up on the Abuja Declaration, NEPADcollaborated closely with the African UnionCommission and the African Development Bank toestablish the Africa Fertiliser Financing Mechanism.Already over US$35 million has been mobilised andwill be directed to countries through country round-table processes.

Progress on the Abuja Declaration atregional level

The Southern African DevelopmentCommunity (SADC) and the Common Marketfor Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)developed a joint regional fertiliser strategy forthe Africa Fertiliser Summit which identifiedtwo broad areas for action: regionalprocurement and regional fertiliser production.While COMESA is taking the lead on regionalprocurement, SADC is focusing on the area ofregional production of fertiliser.

The East African Community (EAC) hasadopted an agricultural and rural developmentpolicy which gives strategic and institutionalsupport to the implementation of AbujaDeclaration of Fertiliser for the region.

The Economic Community of Central AfricanStates (ECCAS) is working on the developmentof a concept note for the establishment of alegal and regulatory framework for fertilisersfor the region. Technical support is beingprovided by NEPAD, IFDC (an internationalcentre for soil fertility and agriculturaldevelopment) and the African Capacity BuildingFoundation.

The Economic Community of West AfricanStates (ECOWAS) is working on thedevelopment of fertiliser legislation andregulations and the preparation of a commonexternal tariff for fertilisers and raw materialsthat includes a proposed rate for the 15ECOWAS member states.

Dr. Maria Wanzala (left), seen here with Martin Bwalya (CAADP Pillar1), is following up on the progress being made by African countrieswith regard to the Abuja Declaration on fertilisers.

Country round tables


In 2008, NEPAD stepped up interaction with CAADPcountry round-table processes. The NEPADSecretariat, collaborating with regional economiccommunities, supported countries in incorporatingthe CAADP agenda into their agriculture and ruraldevelopment programmes in order to fast-trackimplementation. NEPAD support to country round-table activities focused on ensuring that countrieshad access to expert knowledge and resources forCAADP implementation.

Although CAADP is continental in scope, particularlyat the level of the regional economic communities(RECs), it is vital to put CAADP into action in everycountry. This is what the CAADP country round-tableprocess does. The country round tables are wherekey players come together to assess the realities oftheir own particular situation and develop a roadmap for going forward.

Influencing food security in Sudan

Michael Roberto Kenyi is the Director Generalof Planning and Programming of the Ministry ofAgriculture and Forestry in the Government ofSouthern Sudan (GOSS). He enrolled in a shortcourse at the African Centre for Food Security(ACFS) in 2008 and was struck by the trans-disciplinary and multi-sectoral nature of foodsecurity. Shortly afterwards, Mr Kenyi took partin an NEPAD/CAADP Pillar review meeting Hereturned to Southern Sudan with a strongdetermination to influence food security policy.

Mr Kenyi used his position in the Governmentto spearhead the establishment of a foodsecurity council. This alliance of governmentministries, NGOs, civil society bodies andmultilateral organisations aims to transform thesubsistence farming system of Southern Sudaninto a market-oriented and science-basedsystem.

The GOSS roadmap sets out to achieve foodself-sufficiency, reduce poverty by 30%,increase the contribution of agriculture to GDPto 25%, and increase the government'sbudgetary expenditure on agriculture by 2011.

The biggest challenge was to get the variousstakeholders, especially the different ministries,to work together. The Government of SouthernSudan, like many other African governmentsthought that food security related issues werethe sole responsibility of the Ministry ofAgriculture. Experience has shown Mr Kenyithat there is a desperate for governmentdepartments, as well as inter and intra-regionalbodies, to collaborate and coordinate theiractions.

Source: Dedicated student influences foodsecurity in Sudan by Peace Nganwa, a Master'sstudent in agricultural economics at theUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal and intern at theAfrican Centre for Food Security, the Lead PillarInstitution for CAADP Pillar III on food securityand hunger.

The use of machinery, especially in the move from small- to large-scale private sector-led farming, is being called for by many Africancountries.


NEPAD support for CAADP round tables

Malawi: Supported inter-ministerial negotiations and building coalitions for sustainable land and water management priority action areas defined in the country's Agriculture Development Programme.Sierra Leone: Advocacy and technical backstopping on the CAADP agenda and country round-table processes.Kenya, Uganda, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and Malawi: Organised one-day peer sharing and learning session for country focal point teams around CAADP Pillar I in Addis Ababa.Tanzania: Review and backstopping mission jointly organised with the East African Community (EAC) to review Tanzania's ASDP in the context of the CAADP framework.Nigeria: Backstopping mission to facilitate negotiations on alignment of the Pillar I/SLM country process into the country CAADP round-table process now under way.

Together with COMESA and ECOWAS, NEPAD hasdirectly supported country round-table processes inseveral countries, particularly by encouragingdialogues across ministries and the alignment ofpartner initiatives. NEPAD also ensured thatresources mobilised through international andcontinental initiatives reached the countries wherethey were needed and that they underpin countryprocesses.

Moving ahead on country round tablesThe round-table process starts by getting nationalgovernments to buy into CAADP and to takeleadership. This is then followed by engagementswith key players, through coalitions, around acommon commitment to move forward with CAADP.

A formal launch of CAADP is then carried out beforegoing on to identify priority areas for investmentthrough a compact agreement that is signed by allkey partners. Country CAADP compacts spell outlong-term commitments to agricultural growth anddevelopment.

By July 2008 more than a dozen countries weremoving towards the CAADP compact. Ghana,Malawi, Uganda, Nigeria and Zambia are expectedto sign their compacts early in 2009. Niger, Senegal,Mali, Ghana and Togo have started round-tableprocesses and the International Food PolicyResearch Institute (IFPRI) is backstopping stocktakingand analytical work.

The NEPAD Secretariat also engaged with Liberia,Kenya, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Swaziland, Lesotho,Niger and Burkina Faso, and RECs, to get politicalcommitment and stimulate action on CAADPimplementation.

Ethiopia launched CAADP

The Ethiopian Government launched CAADP inAddis Ababa in September 2008 at a ceremonyattended by a delegation from the CommonMarket for Eastern and Southern Africa(COMESA).

Ethiopia surpasses the target of a 10% budgetallocation to agriculture. The budget allocationto the agriculture sector is 16%. As a result,there has been a promising trend in raisingagricultural productivity by more than 10%.

Ethiopia launches CAADP - "one of NEPAD'smost important activities" Realisation of Africanleaders' vision, says COMESA, NEPAD OnlineWeekly Dialogue 26 September 2008,http://www.caadp.net/9/


Rwanda reviewed progress

In February, officials from the Ministry ofAgriculture and development partners analysedhow far the country has progressed with thefour Pillars of CAADP towards implementingNEPAD's CAADP compact signed in March2007. Minister Murekezi said: "Our aim is tostrengthen our efforts to facilitate the CAADPmechanism that aims to promote public-privatepartnership for the needed investments in theagriculture sector."

CAADP will support national projects such asthe one-cow-per-household, fisheries andbiodiversity programme in Lake Kivu, and cropintensification through water irrigation.

The Rwandan arm of the Research Into Use(RIU) programme, which focuses on researchfor sustainable agricultural development andwhich is funded by the UK Department forInternational Development (DFID), waslaunched at the meeting.

Rwanda enthusiasm for CAADP, NEPAD OnlineWeekly Dialogue 15 February 2008,http://www.caadp.net/10/

Sierra Leone launched CAADP

"Agriculture is a way of life for the people ofSierra Leone. It is at the core of our efforts toprioritise agriculture. If we are to become, say,a net exporter of rice by 2015 and if we are tomeet MDG1, we have to align CAADP with ournational agricultural plan," said Alpha Kanu,Sierra Leone's Minister of Presidential andPublic Affairs at the start of a national retreaton CAADP held in Freetown on 13-15 October2008.

The retreat – which also marked the launch ofCAADP in Sierra Leone – was aimed atdeveloping within the country's CAADPprocesses, a framework and action plan for theformulation of the National SustainableAgricultural Development Plan (NSADP).Speaking on behalf of Dr. Ernest Bai Koroma,the President of Sierra Leone, the Ministercalled on the participants to come with aclearly identified action plan for integratingCAADP into the NSADP.

According to Dr. Joseph Sam Sesay, theMinister of Agriculture, Forestry and FoodSecurity, the NSADP consists of policies,strategies and programmes for agriculturaldevelopment in Sierra Leone. "The planhighlights a range of short to long-term goalsthat are aimed at boosting agriculture and foodsecurity in Sierra Leone. This new plan shouldbe based on CAADP, the PRSPs (povertyreduction strategy papers) and the MillenniumDevelopment Goals", he added.

Sierra Leone kick-starts its efforts on CAADPimplementation, NEPAD Online WeeklyDialogue 17 October 2008,http://www.caadp.net/11/

NEPAD's new CEO Dr. Ibrahim Assane Mayaki has called upon Africa'spolitical leaders to honour their commitments towards the CAADPtargets and to align their national strategies towards its Agenda.


Uganda agreed the need to spend moreto meet CAADP goals

"We need to do more financing of the[agriculture] sector if poverty is to be fought."State Minister for Agriculture, BrightRwamirama.

In Uganda, CAADP is implemented through theMinistry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry andFisheries with partnerships in the Ministry ofFinance, Planning and Economic Development;Water and Environment; Lands and Trade,Tourism and Industry. CAADP helps harmoniseagricultural policies and programmes such asthe Plan for the Modernisation of Agricultureand the National Agriculture Advisory Services.

NEPAD has also helped develop a NationalFertiliser Strategy to improve fertiliser use inthe country. At the moment, only 6% ofUgandan farmers use fertilisers.

Other CAADP activities and programmes include:Stocktaking and analysis of existing policies, strategies, plans, investment programmes and resources allocation in the agricultural and rural sector as well as the sector performance in relation to national, CAADP and Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets.Assessing current sector performance and analysis of the role of agriculture in growth and poverty reduction in Uganda and alignment of long-term agricultural development efforts with the CAADP framework as well as identification of gaps to be bridged in order to achieve the CAADP and MDG targets.Formulating policy and investment strategyoptions for sustained agricultural growth, poverty reduction, and food and nutrition security to meet the CAADP and MDG targets.Reviewing public expenditure on agriculture to assist the Ministry in preparing budgets.Developing a harmonised country programme on sustainable land management (SLM) through TerrAfrica in line with CAADP Pillar I.

Uganda agrees on need to spend more to meetCAADP goals, NEPAD Online Weekly Dialogue28 November 2008, http://www.caadp.net/12/

Status of country round tables 2008

COMESA member statesBurundi . . . . . . . .Early stageComoros . . . . . . .Stocktaking in progressDR Congo . . . . . .Focal point appointedDjibouti . . . . . . . .Stocktaking in progressEgypt . . . . . . . . . .Focal point appointedEritrea . . . . . . . . .Government buy-inEthiopia . . . . . . . .Growth options in progressKenya . . . . . . . . . .Growth options completedLibya . . . . . . . . . .Government buy-inMadagascar . . . . .Stocktaking in progressMalawi . . . . . . . . .Preparing for round tableMauritius . . . . . . .Focal point appointedRwanda . . . . . . . .CAADP compact signedSeychelles . . . . . .Stocktaking in progressSudan . . . . . . . . .Focal point appointedSwaziland . . . . . .Stocktaking in progressUganda . . . . . . . .Preparing for round tableZambia . . . . . . . . .Preparing for round tableZimbabwe . . . . . .Focal point appointed

ECOWAS member statesBenin . . . . . . . . . .Growth options completedBurkina Faso . . . .Growth options completedCape Verde . . . . .Focal point appointedCote d'Ivoire . . . . .Focal point appointedThe Gambia . . . . .Government buy-inGhana . . . . . . . . .Preparing for round tableGuinea . . . . . . . . .Focal point appointedGuinea Bissau . . .Focal point appointedLiberia . . . . . . . . .Government buy-inMali . . . . . . . . . . .Stocktaking in progressNiger . . . . . . . . . .Growth options completedNigeria . . . . . . . . .Growth options in progressSenegal . . . . . . . .Growth options completedSierra Leone . . . .Preparing for round tableTogo . . . . . . . . . . .Growth options completed

SADC member statesDR Congo . . . . . .Focal point appointedMadagascar . . . . .Stocktaking in progressMalawi . . . . . . . . .Preparing for round tableMauritius . . . . . . .Focal point appointedMozambique . . . .Focal point appointedSwaziland . . . . . .Stocktaking in progressZambia . . . . . . . . .Preparing for round tableZimbabwe . . . . . .Focal point appointed


The CAADP PillarsThe CAADP Pillar frameworks serve to harmonisegovernment policies. The Pillars provide guidance,support and resources that countries can draw on todevelop and implement the CAADP Agenda.

In 2008, the Pillar I framework on land and watermanagement made significant progress, receivingsubstantial support from the internationalcommunity. The Pillar I framework document will beformally validated and completed early in 2009.

African ministers of agriculture endorsed theframework documents for Pillar II, market accessand food supply, and Pillar III, the development ofrural infrastructure, after validation in the first half ofthe year.

Pillar I: Extending the area undersustainable land management

The international development community investedsubstantially in CAADP Pillar I, on sustainable landand water management (SLM), through a grant ofUS$150 million to the Global Environmental Facility(GEF) under the TerrAfrica Initiative. The TerrAfricaInitiative, launched in 2005 to fight desertificationand land degradation, has leveraged an additionalUS$1 billion to scale up sustainable land and watermanagement in Africa. The US$1 billion will support48 projects in 30 countries from 2008 to 2010.

The TerrAfrica PartnershipUnder the TerrAfrica Partnership, a number ofcountries are advancing with CAADP Pillar I. Malawi,Ghana, Nigeria, Mali, Niger and Burkina Fasoreceived direct support through joint missions todevelop country SLM investment frameworks.

Enabling rural farming communities toscale up conservation agriculturepractices in addressing effects of the risein food prices within the CAADPframework

Conservation agriculture – in tackling foodsecurity, land management, nutrition – cutsacross the four CAADP Pillars. This two-yearproject is an example of what is alreadyunderway to address the impacts of the rise infood prices in the longer term. The NorwegianGovernment has committed US$4 million,2008-09, for conservation agriculture as amedium-term response to the crisis in foodprices.

The joint NEPAD-FAO programme will train28,000 farmers and 2,000 agriculture supportstaff in conservation agriculture and providetools and inputs. This will help vulnerablehouseholds cope with the high food andagriculture input prices. Conservationagriculture is a viable production system that,at the same time, enhances environmentalresilience and can boosts yields from under 0.5t/ha to over 1 t/ha in 3-4 seasons.

The project covers Lesotho, Mozambique,Swaziland and Zimbabwe and is beingimplemented within the country CAADPframework. Partners on the ground includegovernment staff and also CSOs and theprivate sector.http://www.caadp.net/11/

Conservation agriculture farming practices (above in Zambia) canincrease yields whilst also improving the livelihoods of small-scalefarmers.


Uganda and Mali – success stories insustainable land management

UgandaAgriculture contributes 36% of Uganda's GDPand 90% of its exports, but the country isbedevilled with rampant land degradation. Thisis particularly bad in the 'cattle corridor' drylandareas stretching across the country from north-east to south-west, and in the highland areas.In Northern Uganda, land and other naturalresources are also highly degraded, especiallyaround the camps for internally displacedpeople.

With the support of the UN DevelopmentProgramme (UNDP), the World Bank, NEPADand the Common Market for East and SouthernAfrica (COMESA), Uganda through its relatedministries -- Ministry of Agriculture, AnimalIndustry and Fisheries, Ministry of Water andEnvironment, Ministry of Lands, Housing andUrban Development and Ministry of Energyand Mineral Development -- embarked on acollective effort to mainstream SLM throughCAADP.

In July, Uganda convened a national SLMplatform meeting to feed into the on-goingCAADP round-table process and formulation ofthe national development plan for Uganda. Adraft CISF was adopted at a high-level nationalplatform in October.

Uganda is also one of the countries benefitingfrom the Strategic Investment Programmeresources through the TerrAfrica partnership.The Uganda SLM country programme willtherefore be supported by the World Bank,UNDP and Global Environment Facility (GEF)through TerrAfrica.

Uganda moves forward on its sustainable landmanagement investment framework, NEPADOnline Weekly Dialogue 29 August 2008,http://www.caadp.net/13/

MaliRecent CAADP/World Bank initiatives in Mali onTerrAfrica activities have led to the set-up of

Ethiopia held a conference in August to promote thecountry SLM investment framework to partners forbilateral support.

the very first attempts by the Maliangovernment to address land degradation. Malidepends a lot on agriculture, fisheries andother natural resources, all of which rely onland as the productive natural resource.However, the country suffers from massiveland degradation. According to a study by theWorld Bank, a million trees are being clearedand burned every year in Mali.

The government of Mali asked TerrAfricapartners to support a sustainable land andwater management (SLWM) programme todeal with issues such as land degradation in acoordinated and effective manner. TheTerrAfrica partners, led by NEPAD/CAADP andthe World Bank, are now working closely withthe government of Mali to address landdegradation.

The government has set up a national SLWMcommittee with a technical secretariat toformulate and implement the SLWM CountryStrategic Investment Framework (CSIF) inconsultation with stakeholders. The TerrAfricapartners, through the World Bank are providingtechnical support to develop the CSIF in Mali.This will help the government as it seeks toimprove policies, financing and institutions toimplement SLWM. Plans are underway toconduct a Cost Benefit Analysis, andinstitutional and SLWM Public ExpenditureReviews. These studies will feed into thedevelopment of the CSIF.

The importance of this work cannot beoveremphasised. It will directly contribute tothe on-going collaborative effort led by theMinistry of Environment and Sanitation throughthe SLWM Institutional Framework forManagement of Environmental Issues and theSWLM coordinating committee and willstrongly contribute to the finalisation of theCSIF.

Mali kick-starts efforts to address landdegradation The AU/NEPAD-TerraAfrica NewsColumn, Rudo Makunike

Pillar II: Improving rural infrastructure and trade-related capacities for market access


Creating the right conditions for smallfarmers to take advantage of high foodprices

Small farmers stand to benefit from high foodprices. High prices bring higher profits, andthus are an incentive for farmers to producemore.

But, in Africa, very few small farmers gain fromhigh food prices. They can't boost productionbecause they can't afford the seeds, fertilisersand other agrochemicals to do so. They can'tborrow money to make these purchases either.Plus, roads are so poor, or transportation soexpensive, that even if they did produce morethey couldn't get it to market. And the lack ofstorage and processing facilities, and value-adding systems, means that a huge amount offarm produce gets spoilt.

In order to truly take advantage of the priceincreases, what's needed is structural andpolicy reform. Appropriate investments indevelopment-oriented policies andprogrammes will increase the smallholderfarmer's potential to increase production andbenefit from high food prices.

Source: High food prices: A missedopportunity for smallholder farmers, PeaceNganwa

Fertiliser has a critical role to play in each of theCAADP Pillars. However, most issues in the AbujaDeclaration on Fertiliser relate to policy and marketdevelopment, such as rationalisation andharmonisation of policies and regulations,elimination of taxes and tariffs, development ofagro-dealer networks, targeted subsidies, improvingaccess to finance, and regional procurement anddistribution of fertilisers.

Facilitation and monitoring of the Abuja Declarationon Fertilisers by the NEPAD Secretariat thereforecomes mainly under Pillar II: Improving ruralmarkets and trade-related capacities for marketaccess.

Implementation of the Abuja Declaration onFertilisersNEPAD has continued to collaborate with the AfricanDevelopment Bank (AfDB), UN-EconomicCommission for Africa (ECA) and the African UnionCommission (AUC) on establishing the AfricanFertiliser Development Financing Mechanism(AFFM).

In 2008, AfDB drafted the AFFM OperationalStrategy, Programme and the Manual on the Rulesof Procedures. In cooperation with the Alliance for aGreen Revolution in Africa (AGRA), AfDB prepared aproposal to establish a regional fertiliserprocurement facility and held a consultation meetingin October, in Tunisia, to review the proposal. AFertiliser Review Meeting is planned for April 2009

Improving rural infrastructure and trade-related capacities for market access is not only a key requirement for private-sector investment inAfrica's agriculture, it is also essential for agriculture-related informal traders such as this roadside seller in Nigeria.


African Fertiliser Development FinancingMechanism (AFFM)

The legal and framework documents for theestablishment of the African FertiliserDevelopment Financing Mechanism (AFFM) bythe African Development Bank were finalised,endorsed by the Board of Directors onDecember 4, 2007, and approved by the Bank'sBoard of Governors. AFFM began operations inmid-2008. The AFFM has already mobilisedover US$35.2 million in pledges from theGovernment of Nigeria, the Gates Foundation,the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa(AGRA) and the International Fund forAgricultural Development (IFAD) among others.

Update on the African Fertilizer Summit andthe way ahead for the Green Revolution,NEPAD Online Weekly Dialogue 15 February2008, http://www.caadp.net/14/

which will focus on key challenges and the wayforward.

Although 31 countries and five RECs havedeveloped fertiliser strategies, progress inimplementation has been slow. What is needed istechnical assistance and funds to turn strategies intobankable proposals and implement them. TheAfrican Fertiliser Development Financing Mechanism(AFFM) established this year will make theassistance and resources available to country andregional stakeholders to implement fertiliserstrategies.

Fertliser application at a farm in Ghana.

Pillar III: Increasing food supply andreducing hunger

Soaring food prices and the Thematic WorkingGroup (TWG) on Agriculture and Food Security ofthe MDG Initiative for Africa, recently establishedunder the auspices of the United Nations and theAfrican Union, gave momentum to the Pillar IIIagenda in 2008.

The Framework for African Food Security (FAFS)will, among other instruments, be the basis forimmediate to long-term action at country level. Highfood prices are an opportunity for African agricultureand encourage agricultural productivity andinvestment. AU/NEPAD and development partnershave agreed on how to put CAADP Pillar III intoaction at the country level. This will be throughinclusive consultations to prepare country conceptnotes, and plan projects and programmes in theframework of CAADP Pillar III and the MDG AfricaInitiative.

Boost for small-scale cassava producersin Mozambique

Small-scale bakers in Mozambique will soon bemuch better off. They have been trained to usecassava flour instead of wheat flour. Eachsmall-scale processor has the potential togenerate more than US$2,400 per month.These small-scale bakeries buy cassava fromfarmers who get an additional income ofUS$1,230 per hectare.

Reducing hunger and improving nutritionthrough CAADP Pillar III

A four-day sub-regional workshop to increasenational capacity to reduce hunger andimprove nutrition in Southern and EasternAfrica was held in Cape Town, South Africa, inNovember 2008.

The purpose of the workshop was to empowernational leaders in food security and nutritionto take concrete action to reduce hunger andimprove nutrition, and to develop nationalcapacity to accelerate progress on thisimportant dimension of CAADP. The keyobjective was to jointly prepare a draft strategiccapacity development plan for food securityand nutrition in Southern and Eastern Africa.

Twenty-five leaders from Angola, Botswana,Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique,Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland,Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe, plusregional and sub-regional partners fromNEPAD, COMESA, ECSA, and SADC, attended.They were joined by development partnersfrom FAO, WFP, GAIN, the MicronutrientInitiative, UNICEF and USAID, and research andtraining staff from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, the University of Western Cape, theAfrican Nutrition Leadership Programme andthe South African Medical Research Council.They all committed to concrete steps toengage with the CAADP processes in theircountries, to ensure a greater focus on foodsecurity and nutrition.

They called for rapid expansion of the capacityof the NEPAD Secretariat and the regionaleconomic communities to maintain high leveladvocacy efforts and provide timely support tocountries in their efforts to integrate food andnutrition security into national planningprocesses.

Reducing hunger and improving nutritionthrough CAADP, NEPAD Online WeeklyDialogue 21 November 2008,http://www.caadp.net/15/


The African Centre for Food Security (ACFS) atSouth Africa's University of KwaZulu-Natal is thelead institution for activities and policy in Pillar III.

The ACFS collaborates with the Permanent InterstateCommittee for Drought Relief in the Sahel in WestAfrica on Pillar III activities and is expandingestablished networks of regional institutions tosupport the CAADP country round-table processes.

The curriculum of the ACFS already integratesCAADP Pillar III Framework for African Food Securitypriority areas, and efforts to align the two even moreclosely are ongoing.

Ms. Boitshepo Bibi Giyose (left), seen here at the end of a meetingwith Dr. David Nabarro of the UN's High Level Task Force on theGlobal Food Security Crisis, is leading NEPAD’s work on CAADPPillar 3.


Pillar IV: Agricultural research,technology dissemination and adoption

Underpinning all three Pillars is Pillar IV, Agriculturalresearch, technology transfer and adoption, guidedby the Framework for African AgriculturalProductivity (FAAP). Led by the Forum forAgricultural Research in Africa (FARA), Pillar IV hasalso made significant strides.

A number of African countries are starting to basepolicy on FAAP, which was developed by FARA.Development partners, including the World Bank, theEuropean Community and the UK Department forInternational Development, have committed verysubstantial resources to sub-regional researchorganisations for Western, Central and EasternAfrica, to boost agricultural productivity. Theseinclude the Conference of Agricultural ResearchLeaders in West and Central Africa (CORAF); theWest and Central African Council for AgriculturalResearch and Development (WECARD); and theAssociation for Strengthening Agricultural Researchin Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA).

The adoption of relevant technologies, such as those to do with irrigation, is being pushed for through CAADP Pillar 4.

Coalition for Africa Rice DevelopmentThe Coalition for Africa Rice Development, whichseeks to double sub-Saharan Africa's rice productionwithin a decade, was an outcome of the fourthTokyo International Conference on AfricanDevelopment (TICAD) in Yokohama, Japan, in May2008.

Yet more impetus to rapid growth in rice productioncame after the FAO World Food Summit held in June2008. The Africa Rice Centre (WARDA) and fourmajor development agencies will boost the supply ofimproved seed for sowing in 2009. Rice importsdrain more than US$1.5 billion from foreignexchange earnings in sub-Saharan Africa. WARDAshows that a 20% increase in planting NERICA (NewRice for Africa) in sub-Saharan countries could resultin a 5% reduction in the rice import bill. WARDA isexploring partnership models to accelerate NERICA'sdissemination.


Agricultural and food security successstory: NERICA rice

After years of breeding work by scientists fromWARDA (the Africa Rice Centre), assisted byIRRI (the International Rice Research Institute inthe Philippines), a very important breakthroughwas made in crossing a very hardy old Africanrice variety with a frailer, but higher yielding,Asian rice.

The new varieties, referred to as NERICA (NewRice for Africa), combine the best features ofboth 'parents': resistance to drought and pests;higher yields, even with little irrigation orfertiliser; and more protein than other types ofrice. About 10 varieties of NERICA rice arebeing used by farmers, mostly in West Africanuplands or rain-fed production areas. Evenwithout fertiliser NERICA varieties can yield 1.5to 2.5 tons of rice per hectare, compared withan average of 1 ton or less for traditionalvarieties. With even modest doses of fertiliser,yields increase to 3.5 tons per hectare.

The CAADP Pan African NERICA Rice Initiativewill distribute NERICA varieties across a largenumber of African countries.

GuineaIn 2007, Guinea reaped a record harvest of 1.4million tons – 5% more than in the previousyear and the country's largest rice harvest ever– mainly because of massive governmentsupport for disseminating NERICA. Domesticrice production now makes up about 70% ofthe country's needs.

NigeriaThe government of Nigeria announced that itsrice imports had declined from two million tonsin 2003-2004 to less than one million in 2005-2006. Officials in Uganda reported that thecountry had reduced rice imports from 60,000tons in 2005 to 35,000 in 2007, saving roughlyUS$30 million.

Sources: WARDA and NEPAD Secretariat

Agricultural and food security successstory: Boosting cassava production

Cassava is a staple food for 200 millionAfricans, second only to maize. Nigeria recentlyreplaced Brazil as the world's leading cassavaproducer. This has been possible due to pan-African collaboration among international,regional, and national research and extensionprograms which has led to a series of high-yielding (average yield increase of 40%),disease-resistant Tropical Manioc Selection(TMS) varieties.

The new varieties have been complemented byprivate sector-led development of simplemechanical processing technologies that havegreatly reduced processing labour. Theproductivity gains of the new biological andprocessing technologies have resulted inreturns to land for farmers that are up to 20times greater than those achieved withtraditional varieties and manual processing.

In an equally important contribution to foodsecurity, these sustained production gains haveled to lower consumer prices for processedcassava, especially in Nigeria and Ghana.Critical research contributions have beencoordinated by the International Institute forTropical Agriculture (IITA) in Nigeria. Long-termsupport by IFAD over the past decade wascrucial in accelerating the dissemination andadoption of the new technology across WestAfrica.

Benefiting small farmers as well as poor urbanconsumers, Africa's cassava transformation hasproven to be its most important poverty fighterto date. Extending this success to additionalAfrican countries is the objective of theNEPAD/CAADP Pan Africa Cassava Initiative.

Sources: IFPRI and NEPAD Secretariat

NEPAD/CAADP Pan African Cassava InitiativeThe NEPAD/CAADP Pan African Cassava Initiative(NPACI) links national agricultural research andextension systems to regional initiatives on cassavain order to ensure food security and incomegeneration. This initiative will commercialisecassava, for example by processing cassava intostarch and other industrial products, particularly inMalawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.


ManagementThe NEPAD Agriculture Unit in the NEPADSecretariat manages CAADP. The management teamis composed of the lead Advisor/Head of theAgriculture Unit and the leaders of the five task

Staff 2008-09

Prof. Richard Mkandawire Head NEPAD Agriculture Unit

Ms Pat Smith Administrator, Agriculture Unit

Ms Boitshepo Bibi Giyose Advisor Food and Nutrition Security

Mr Martin Bwalya Lead Specialist Sustainable Land Management

Mr Amadou Allahoury Diallo Lead Specialist Agriculture Water Senior

Ms Rudo Makunike SLM Research and Development Officer

Dr Sloans Chimatiro Senior Advisor Fisheries

Dr Maria Wanzala IFDC Advisor to NEPAD

Dr Andrew Kanyegirire CAADP Communications Manager

Mr Komla Bissi Agriculture Business Advisor; seconded from FAO

Dr Faustin Mwape Agriculture Advisor; seconded from FAO

Ms Angelline Rudakubana Seconded from WFP; based/seated at WFP offices to support CAADP Pillar III priorities

Prof. Josephine Kiamba Seconded from University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; based/ seated at WFP offices to support high food prices

Ms Edna Kalima Intern seconded from UKZN

Ms Tendai Tofa PA to Agriculture Unit

Ms Cordelia Kegoriloe PA to Agriculture Unit

teams. These are assembled based on individualexpertise and work demands. Staff members maybelong to multiple teams.

CAADP the Africa-owned and Africa-led initiativeworking to boost agricultural productivity in Africa

CAADP is driven by the conviction that Africa's development problems and challenges can only be sustainably addressed by Africa itself. More than ever before, NEPAD and CAADP have galvanised African energies and the collective desire to tackle the developmentagenda and the chronic problems of hunger and poverty. No initiative in the past has attracted so much political continent-wide support. Nor have African countries previously committed their own resources to such an extent. CAADP is the first comprehensive effort to harness Africa's energies and commitment to address the continent's development challenges and, specifically, tackle barriers and opportunities to boost agricultural productivity.

The CAADP framework is expected to stimulate and guide 'doing things differently', such as inclusiveness and partnerships, collective ownership, responsibility, and outcome-based planning and implementation.

CAADP is expected to make the development and implementation of country and regional programmes more efficient and effective, and to achieve tangible results.

The CAADP agenda and process will boost consistency andcontinuity in regional and national development efforts, guided by shared sustainable growth and investment targets.

CAADP is a direct and efficient entry point for donor partners to engage with the African agricultural agenda.

Published by:New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)P.O. Box 1234, Halfway House1685MidrandSouth Africa

Physical Address:Block BGateway ParkCorner Challenger and Columbia AvenuesMidridge Office ParkMidrand

Tel: +27 (0) 11 256 3600Email: [email protected] Website: www.nepad.org

Agriculture Unit at the NEPAD Secretariat:Prof. Richard Mkandawire, Head NEPAD Agriculture UnitTel: +27 (0) 11 256 3600Email: [email protected]: www.nepad-caadp.net

Compiled and written by Scriptoria(www.scriptoria.co.uk) in collaboration with Dr. Andrew Kanyegirire, NEPAD.

Photo credits:Dr. Andrew Kanyegirire and Komla Bissi at AU-NEPAD/CAADPAll other photos: NEPAD.

Design and layout:Scriptoria (www.scriptoria.co.uk)

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