By: Ms. Susan Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY.

By: Ms. Susan PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

By: Ms. Susan PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

““Huns Kill Women and Huns Kill Women and Children!”Children!”

““Huns Kill Women and Huns Kill Women and Children!”Children!”

Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get get your gun, your gun,Take it on the run, on the run, on the Take it on the run, on the run, on the run,run,Hear them calling you and me,Hear them calling you and me,Ev'ry son of liberty.Ev'ry son of liberty.Hurry right away, no delay, go today,Hurry right away, no delay, go today,Make your daddy glad to have had Make your daddy glad to have had such a such a lad, lad,Tell your sweetheart not to pine,Tell your sweetheart not to pine,To be proud her boy's in line.To be proud her boy's in line.

Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get get your gun, your gun,Take it on the run, on the run, on the Take it on the run, on the run, on the run,run,Hear them calling you and me,Hear them calling you and me,Ev'ry son of liberty.Ev'ry son of liberty.Hurry right away, no delay, go today,Hurry right away, no delay, go today,Make your daddy glad to have had Make your daddy glad to have had such a such a lad, lad,Tell your sweetheart not to pine,Tell your sweetheart not to pine,To be proud her boy's in line.To be proud her boy's in line.

Over there over thereOver there over thereSend the word, send the word over Send the word, send the word over therethereThat the Yanks are coming, the Yanks That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are are coming, coming,The drums rum-tumming ev'rywhereThe drums rum-tumming ev'rywhereSo prepare say a pray'rSo prepare say a pray'rSend the word, send the word to Send the word, send the word to bewarebewareWe'll be over, we're coming over,We'll be over, we're coming over,And we won't come back till it's over And we won't come back till it's over over over there! there!

Over there over thereOver there over thereSend the word, send the word over Send the word, send the word over therethereThat the Yanks are coming, the Yanks That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are are coming, coming,The drums rum-tumming ev'rywhereThe drums rum-tumming ev'rywhereSo prepare say a pray'rSo prepare say a pray'rSend the word, send the word to Send the word, send the word to bewarebewareWe'll be over, we're coming over,We'll be over, we're coming over,And we won't come back till it's over And we won't come back till it's over over over there! there!

Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get get your gun, your gun,Johnnie show the Hun you're a son of a Johnnie show the Hun you're a son of a

gun, gun,Hoist the flag and let her fly,Hoist the flag and let her fly,Yankee Doodle do or die.Yankee Doodle do or die.Pack your little kit, show your grit, do Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit, your bit,Yankees to the ranks from the towns Yankees to the ranks from the towns and and the tanks, the tanks,Make your mother proud of youMake your mother proud of youAnd the old Red White and Blue.And the old Red White and Blue.

Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get get your gun, your gun,Johnnie show the Hun you're a son of a Johnnie show the Hun you're a son of a

gun, gun,Hoist the flag and let her fly,Hoist the flag and let her fly,Yankee Doodle do or die.Yankee Doodle do or die.Pack your little kit, show your grit, do Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit, your bit,Yankees to the ranks from the towns Yankees to the ranks from the towns and and the tanks, the tanks,Make your mother proud of youMake your mother proud of youAnd the old Red White and Blue.And the old Red White and Blue.

The Spirit of ’76’The Spirit of ’76’The Spirit of ’76’The Spirit of ’76’

Over there over thereOver there over thereSend the word, send the word over Send the word, send the word over therethereThat the Yanks are coming, the Yanks That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are are coming, coming,The drums rum-tumming ev'rywhereThe drums rum-tumming ev'rywhereSo prepare say a pray'rSo prepare say a pray'rSend the word, send the word to Send the word, send the word to bewarebewareWe'll be over, we're coming over,We'll be over, we're coming over,And we won't come back till it's over And we won't come back till it's over over over there! there!

Over there over thereOver there over thereSend the word, send the word over Send the word, send the word over therethereThat the Yanks are coming, the Yanks That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are are coming, coming,The drums rum-tumming ev'rywhereThe drums rum-tumming ev'rywhereSo prepare say a pray'rSo prepare say a pray'rSend the word, send the word to Send the word, send the word to bewarebewareWe'll be over, we're coming over,We'll be over, we're coming over,And we won't come back till it's over And we won't come back till it's over over over there! there!

1917 – Selective Service Act

1917 – Selective Service Act

• 24,000,000 men registered for the draft by the end of 1918.

• 4,800,000 men served in WW1 (2,000,000 saw active combat).

• 400,000 African-Americans served in segregated units.

• 15,000 Native-Americans served as scouts, messengers, and snipers in non-segregated units.

• 24,000,000 men registered for the draft by the end of 1918.

• 4,800,000 men served in WW1 (2,000,000 saw active combat).

• 400,000 African-Americans served in segregated units.

• 15,000 Native-Americans served as scouts, messengers, and snipers in non-segregated units.

Council of National Defense

Council of National Defense

• War Industries Board – Bernard Baruch

• Food Administration – Herbert Hoover

• Railroad Administration – William McAdoo

• National War Labor Board – W. H. Taft & Frank P. Walsh

• War Industries Board – Bernard Baruch

• Food Administration – Herbert Hoover

• Railroad Administration – William McAdoo

• National War Labor Board – W. H. Taft & Frank P. Walsh

U. S. Food Administration

U. S. Food Administration

U. S. Food Administration

U. S. Food Administration

U. S. Food Administration

U. S. Food Administration

National War Garden Commission

National War Garden Commission

U. S. School Garden Army

U. S. School Garden Army

U. S. Shipping BoardU. S. Shipping Board

U. S. Fuel Administration

U. S. Fuel Administration

U. S. Fuel Administration

U. S. Fuel Administration

Results of This New Organization of the

Economy?

Results of This New Organization of the

Economy?1. Unemployment virtually

disappeared.2. Expansion of “big government.”3. Excessive govt. regulations in eco.4. Some gross mismanagement -->

overlapping jurisdictions.5. Close cooperation between public

and private sectors.6. Unprecedented opportunities for

disadvantaged groups.

1. Unemployment virtually disappeared.

2. Expansion of “big government.”3. Excessive govt. regulations in eco.4. Some gross mismanagement -->

overlapping jurisdictions.5. Close cooperation between public

and private sectors.6. Unprecedented opportunities for

disadvantaged groups.

YWCA – The Blue Triangle

YWCA – The Blue Triangle

Munitions WorkMunitions Work

The Girls They Left Behind Do Their Bit!

The Girls They Left Behind Do Their Bit!

Women Used In Recruitment

Women Used In Recruitment

Even Grandma Buys Liberty Bonds

Even Grandma Buys Liberty Bonds

The Red Cross - Greatest Mother

in the World

The Red Cross - Greatest Mother

in the World

The Red Cross NurseThe Red Cross Nurse

National League for Woman’s Service

National League for Woman’s Service

Opportunities for African-Americans in

WW1

Opportunities for African-Americans in

WW1

•“Great Migration.” 1916 – 1919 --> 70,000

•War industries work.•Enlistment in segregated

units.

•“Great Migration.” 1916 – 1919 --> 70,000

•War industries work.•Enlistment in segregated

units.

True Sons of FreedomTrue Sons of Freedom

For “Colored” Men in Service

For “Colored” Men in Service

African-Americans on a Troop Ship Headed for France

African-Americans on a Troop Ship Headed for France

“Rescuing a Negro During the Race Riots in Chicago”,

1919

“Rescuing a Negro During the Race Riots in Chicago”,

1919

The “Flag of Liberty” Represents All of Us!The “Flag of Liberty” Represents All of Us!

We are All Americans!We are All Americans!

United War Work CampaignUnited War Work Campaign

American Committee for Relief in the Near East

American Committee for Relief in the Near East

The Committee of Public Information (George

Creel)

The Committee of Public Information (George

Creel)•America’s “Propaganda

Minister?”

•Anti-Germanism

•Selling American Culture

•America’s “Propaganda Minister?”

•Anti-Germanism

•Selling American Culture

“Remember Belgium”“Remember Belgium”

The “Mad Brute”The “Mad Brute”

Beat Back the “Hun”

Beat Back the “Hun”

The “Menace of the Seas”

The “Menace of the Seas”

Creel Commission FilmCreel Commission Film

Government Excess & Threats

to the Civil Liberties of Americans

Government Excess & Threats

to the Civil Liberties of Americans

1. Espionage Act – 1917 - forbade actions that obstructed recruitment or efforts to promote insubordination in the military. - ordered the Postmaster General to remove Leftist materials from the mail. - fines of up to $10,000 and/or up to 20 years in prison.

1. Espionage Act – 1917 - forbade actions that obstructed recruitment or efforts to promote insubordination in the military. - ordered the Postmaster General to remove Leftist materials from the mail. - fines of up to $10,000 and/or up to 20 years in prison.

Government Excess & Threats

to the Civil Liberties of Americans

Government Excess & Threats

to the Civil Liberties of Americans

2. Sedition Act – 1918 - it was a crime to speak against the purchase

of war bonds or willfully utter, print, write or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about this form of US Govt., the US Constitution, or the US armed forces or to willfully urge, incite, or advocate any curtailment of production of things necessary or essential to the prosecution of the war…with intent of such curtailment to cripple or hinder, the US in the prosecution of the war.

2. Sedition Act – 1918 - it was a crime to speak against the purchase

of war bonds or willfully utter, print, write or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about this form of US Govt., the US Constitution, or the US armed forces or to willfully urge, incite, or advocate any curtailment of production of things necessary or essential to the prosecution of the war…with intent of such curtailment to cripple or hinder, the US in the prosecution of the war.

Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of

Americans

Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of

Americans3. Schenck v. US – 1919

- in ordinary times the mailing of the leaflets would have been protected by the 1st

Amendment. - BUT, every act of speech must be judged acc. to the circumstances in which it was spoken. -The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic. [Chief Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes] - If an act of speech posed a clear and present danger, then Congress had the power to restrain such speech.

3. Schenck v. US – 1919 - in ordinary times the mailing of the leaflets would have been protected by the 1st

Amendment. - BUT, every act of speech must be judged acc. to the circumstances in which it was spoken. -The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic. [Chief Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes] - If an act of speech posed a clear and present danger, then Congress had the power to restrain such speech.

Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of

Americans

Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of

Americans

4. Abrams v. US – 1919 - majority ruling --> cited Holmes’ “Clear and present danger” doctrine. - Holmes & Brandeis dissented:

The best test of truth is the powerof the thought to get itself acceptedin the competition of the market,denying that a “silly leaflet” published by an “unknown man” constituted such adanger.

4. Abrams v. US – 1919 - majority ruling --> cited Holmes’ “Clear and present danger” doctrine. - Holmes & Brandeis dissented:

The best test of truth is the powerof the thought to get itself acceptedin the competition of the market,denying that a “silly leaflet” published by an “unknown man” constituted such adanger.

Government Excess & Threats

to the Civil Liberties of Americans

Government Excess & Threats

to the Civil Liberties of Americans

5. Post-war labor unrest:

* Coal Miners Strike of 1919

* Steel Strike of 1919

* Boston Police Strike of 1919

5. Post-war labor unrest:

* Coal Miners Strike of 1919

* Steel Strike of 1919

* Boston Police Strike of 1919

Anti-Labor Anti-Labor

“If Capital & Labor Don’t Pull Together” – Chicago Tribune“If Capital & Labor Don’t Pull Together” – Chicago Tribune

Coal Miners’ Strike - 1919Coal Miners’ Strike - 1919

“Keeping Warm” – Los Angeles Times“Keeping Warm” – Los Angeles Times

Steel Strike - 1919Steel Strike - 1919

“Coming Out of the Smoke” – New York World

“Coming Out of the Smoke” – New York World

Boston Police Strike - 1919Boston Police Strike - 1919

“He gives aid & comfort to the enemies of society” – Chicago Tribune

“He gives aid & comfort to the enemies of society” – Chicago Tribune

Boston Police Strike - 1919Boston Police Strike - 1919

“Striking Back” – New York Evening World

“Striking Back” – New York Evening World

The Consequences of Labor Unrest

The Consequences of Labor Unrest

“While We Rock the Boat” – Washington Times

“While We Rock the Boat” – Washington Times

The “Red Scare”The “Red Scare”

“What a Year Has Brought Forth” – NY World

“What a Year Has Brought Forth” – NY World

“Red Scare” -- Anti-Bolshevism“Red Scare” -- Anti-Bolshevism

“Put Them Out & Keep Them Out” – Philadelphia Inquirer

“Put Them Out & Keep Them Out” – Philadelphia Inquirer

Government Excess & Threats

to the Civil Liberties of Americans

Government Excess & Threats

to the Civil Liberties of Americans

• 1919 - 3rd. International goal --> promote worldwide communism.

• Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer (The Case Against the Reds)

• Palmer Raids - 1920

• 1919 - 3rd. International goal --> promote worldwide communism.

• Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer (The Case Against the Reds)

• Palmer Raids - 1920

6. “The Red Scare”:

Congressman Victor Berger (WI)

Congressman Victor Berger (WI)

You got nothing out of the war except the flu and Prohibition.

You got nothing out of the war except the flu and Prohibition.

“Red Scare” – Palmer Raids“Red Scare” – Palmer Raids

A. Mitchell Palmer’s Home Bombed, 1920A. Mitchell Palmer’s Home Bombed, 1920

“Red Scare” – Palmer Raids“Red Scare” – Palmer Raids

Police Arrest “Suspected Reds’ in Chicago, 1920

Police Arrest “Suspected Reds’ in Chicago, 1920

The American LegionThe American Legion

“The New National Figure” – Memphis Commercial Appeal“The New National Figure” – Memphis Commercial Appeal

Prohibition - 1920Prohibition - 1920

“Merry Christmas!” – The New York World“Merry Christmas!” – The New York World

The 1920 ElectionThe 1920 Election