Bioenergy Biodiversity and Land use Expert meeting on biodiversity standards and strategies for sustainable cultivation of biomass for non- food purposes 12-15 March 2008, Isle of Vilm/Germany Martina Otto Head, Policy Unit, Energy Branch United Nations Environment Programme
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Bioenergy Biodiversity and Land use Expert meeting on biodiversity standards and strategies for sustainable cultivation of biomass for non-food purposes.
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BioenergyBiodiversity and Land use
Expert meeting on biodiversity standards and strategies for
sustainable cultivation of biomass for non-food purposes
• Both cultivated and wild biodiversity provide services necessary for agriculture; livelihoods are directly linked
• Potential impacts from agriculture on biodiversity through • Land use change• Soil erosion and degradation• Water overuse and contamination• Invasive species and GMOs
Biofuels – exacerbating the risks or
opportunity to spur improvements? • recovery of marginal lands• prevention of desertification• increased efficiency of agriculture (new
• High level of energy consumption in developed countries
• Growth in demand in emerging economies• Impacts from production and distribution of energy on
biodiversity through• Fuelwood collection• Coal mining• Oil and gas extraction, pipelines / shipping (spills)• Dams (flooding of biodiversity reach areas)• Batteries (production and end of life / waste)
• Impacts from use of fossil energy: Climate change, which in turn, has an impact on biodiversity
Biofuels – an opportunity to reduce impacts or posing new threats?
7. Biofuel production should avoid negative impacts on biodiversity and areas of high conservation values
a. Identification of the production site (plantations, transformation facilities and other infrastructure). Balanced contribution from producer, according to their financial means, and governments to identify and map HCV areas, native ecosystems, ecological corridors, and other areas of importance.
b. No conversion of HCV areas, native ecosystems, ecological corridors and other biological conservation areas. Limited exploitation of such areas under management as long as HCVs are preserved, as well as degraded areas (to be defined and cut off date to e set)
c. Avoid or minimize negative impacts on ecosystem functions and services.
d. Buffer zones to be set between production sites and surrounding areas.
e. Avoid disruption of ecological corridors, even on the production site.
f. Good practices: promote the use of degraded land, native species, crop rotation, global landscape management system, no-till practices, green harvesting, etc.
High risk for both biodiversity and climate change – solution through linkage between biodiversity and climate change regimes?
Market based mechanisms and financial instruments(more realistic evaluation of biodiversity/ecosystem functions, internalisation of environmental cost, payments for effective management of biodiversity)
• Risk adder (Fritsche, 2007)• REDD
GIS monitoring (impacts going beyond the farm level, level of monitoring needs to go beyond the farm level as well)