Better Usage of Tech. for Education 17 th APAN Meeting k-20 session 2004.1.27 University of Hawaii East West Center Prof. Okhwa Lee (Chungbuk National.

Better Usage of Tech. for Better Usage of Tech. for EducationEducation

1717thth APAN Meeting APAN Meeting

k-20 sessionk-20 session2004.1.272004.1.27

University of HawaiiUniversity of HawaiiEast West CenterEast West Center

Prof. Okhwa Lee (Chungbuk National University, Korea)

[email protected]

Goals of Educational Goals of Educational information in K-20information in K-20

Developing human resources that will lead the knowledge-based society

Educational reform

Objectives of Information in Objectives of Information in K-12 EducationK-12 Education

Educational information infrastructure

Development and distribution of educational information

Support for adapting ICT

Teacher training for introducing ICT in education

Current status of Current status of Educational information in Educational information in

KoreaKoreaPCs and internet access in the classroom• 13,000 computer labs in the nation• Each lab is consisted of 40

computers• A school network linking 10,000

schools in the nation at 2MBPS• One PC per teacher• ICT supported classrooms• PC upgrade• One PC to every 5 students

Current status of adapting ICT Current status of adapting ICT Development and distribution of

educational information

• 7th National Curriculum• Development of instructional materials

• Multimedia resources• Teaching materials• Educational software• Educational information sharing system

• EduNet management-comprehensive educational information service system

Current status of adapting ICT Current status of adapting ICT Support for adapting ICT• Guidelines for ICT training

• Creativity and self directed learning• 10% of classroom hours for ICT use

• Developing instructional materials• Setting standard ICT skill levels• Supporting programs for adapting ICT in education

• Pilot school project• Support for successful adaption of ICT

• Bridging the digital divide• Access to ICT training• Support of PC and internet access

New types of schoolsNew types of schools

Cyber universitiesCyber high school

Current status of adapting ICT Current status of adapting ICT

Teacher training for introducing ICT in education

• Developing ICT skill standards for teachers• ICT training for teachers

• Self administered ICT training• Teaching process models by subject• Class outline and teaching processes plan• Training programs by subject

• Using distance learning in teacher training • Certification of ICT skills for teachers

Collaboration with Collaboration with International OrganizationsInternational OrganizationsAsia Education Foundation

At the University of Melbourne

Teacher exchange programSince 1996-In summerIn fallHome

Collaboration with Collaboration with International OrganizationsInternational Organizations

OECD (organization for economic cooperation and

development)

• ICT : policy challenges for education • Policies of adopting ICT for disadvantaged

students, adults, out of school youths• Developing educational resources• Support for teachers• Institutionalizing of ICT in education

Collaboration with Collaboration with International OrganizationsInternational Organizations

APEC• Consortium for APEC Cyber

Education Cooperation (ACEN)• ACEN webzine• International Internet volunteers• ACEN research• International journal for ACEN

Collaboration with Collaboration with International OrganizationsInternational Organizations

UNESCO : Basic education for all

• Developing educational contents• Asia and Pacific program for ICT in education• SchoolNet project with SEAMEO in ASEAN coun

tries

Are teachers happy ? Are teachers happy ?

Educational information infrastructure?

Development and distribution of educational information?

Support for adapting ICT?

Teacher training for introducing ICT in education?

Do we know…..Do we know…..

students learn better with ICT?how to use interactive technology for education?how students of online behave differently from those of offline?the current technology is good enough for education?

Students learn better with ICT?Students learn better with ICT?

1. Impact of educational media big to students of medium range academically

less to students of high ability or low ability2. Online learning result blended > face to face > online3. Students prefers ICT instruction 4. Online learning is to support (compensation) for face to face : not alternative, replacement 5. Higher edu. Students showed preference over online learning

How to use interactive technology How to use interactive technology for education?for education?

(Rafaeli & Sudweeks, 1997)(Rafaeli & Sudweeks, 1997)

1. > 50 percent of messages were reactive. 2. Only around 10 percent were truly interactive. 3. Most messages factual stmts or opinions 4. Many also contained questions or requests. 5. Frequent participators more reactive than low. 6. Interactive messages more opinions & humor. 7. More self-disclosure involvement & belonging. 8. Attracted to fun, open, frank, helpful, supportive environments.

How students behave differently? StuHow students behave differently? Study of online discussiondy of online discussion

(Im & Lee, 2003)(Im & Lee, 2003)

Subjects : 40 none traditional studentsData from online class of cyber university• Synchronous discussion: 2820 postings from 21 students over 5 sessions• Asynchronous discussion: 336 postings from 39 students over 13 class h

ours

Methodology• Modified from Henri’s, Bonk’s, Orvis et al.’s, and Curtis & Lawson’s analysi

s methods• Classified by

• 3 Types of content • 5 Discussion development stages

• Cross analyzed by • gender, age, time

Summary of FindingsSummary of Findingsusage • synch social bond formation comm. • asynch task-oriented comm.

overall, female students were more activeyoungest group most active in syncholdest group most active in asynchIn synch online discussion, it doesn’t develop toward more meaningful learning stage as time flows (remains at the level of social bond formation stage)In synch. Discussion, typing skill is very crucial factor for active participation.

How do students & teachers of online leHow do students & teachers of online learning feel?arning feel?

(Lee&Im, 2004)(Lee&Im, 2004)

Students from blended learning -discussion/Q&A Students from online learning - VOD. E-learning can work as a complement for each instructional en

vironment toward blended learning.

Students with more experiences of e-learning spend more time in studying.

Students, faculty and staff felt higher burden at e-learning. Students perceived so although their working hours at e-learning were similar to that at face-to-faced instruction.

Majority of students were satisfied with their e-learning experience, and as they had more experience, they got more satisfied. Over the half of faculty and staff were dissatisfied.

Faculty’s expectation on students’ academic achievement level in e-learning was lower than that of face-to-faced classes.

Faculty, staff and students showed willingness to participate in e-learning again

Faculty’s willingness was the highest despite of their lower satisfaction and lower expectation on students’ academic achievement.

Many students perceived the appropriate tuition level for e-learning should be below 50 % of that for traditional classroom courses, while they demand for better contents, management, and control of class size.

ImplicationsImplicationsEducation with technology is well received• High satisfaction level • Online learning – complementary to F2F learning• Pedagogy paradigm shift – learner centered, constructivism

Online learning is costly • Education with technology costs more• Expectation of online learning is cost saving

Important instructor’s pivotal role as ever

Understanding the use of technology• different educational purpose of online discussions.• Synchronous discussion for building more affective and social online comm

unity. • Actual learning and knowledge achievement benefits from asynchronous di

scussion.

Communication skills for online learning• Useful methods should be recommended to encourage male students

Tools to facilitate e-discussion• guiding students, • giving prompt inputs & feedback, • wrapping up, • providing resources to support discussions

Future direction for Future direction for technology in educationtechnology in education

(Brown, 2001)(Brown, 2001)

Social context of information Implementing noise data Look around, not ahead

Thank You ~~~~Thank You ~~~~