THE ELEMENTS OF ROMANTICISM IN JANE AUSTEN’S EMMA A Thesis Submitted To The Faculty Of Letters Hasanuddin University In Partial Fulfillment Of Requirements To Obtain A Sarjana Degree In English Department BELLA VIKA FAUZIAH F21113064 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY MAKASSAR 2017
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THE ELEMENTS OF ROMANTICISM IN JANE AUSTEN’S
EMMA
A Thesis
Submitted To The Faculty Of Letters Hasanuddin University
In Partial Fulfillment Of Requirements To Obtain
A Sarjana Degree In English Department
BELLA VIKA FAUZIAH
F21113064
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY
MAKASSAR
2017
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the writer will explain about the introduction and the
contents is background, identification problems, research questions, objective of
the study, and sequence of the writing.
A. BACKGROUND
Romanticism is one of the literature periodes in the end of the 18th century
that prioritizes feeling, though and action of spontaneity. It is a movement of art,
literature, and intellectual that comes from West Europe. It is created to resist the
norm of aristocracy, social, and politic from the enlightement period and the
reaction to the nature in the art and literature. This movement emphasizes the
emotion as a source of experience. Therefore, romanticismis also regarded as a
stream in the art that give priority to imagination, emotion and sentiment idealism.
So, in the process of writing romanticism more emphasis on nature and the
experience emotionas Samekto says as follows:
Romantisme yang antara lain merupakan manifestasi ideal-ideal di atas
pada pokoknya menghendaki agar kesusastraan mencerminkan apa yang
spontan dan tidak dibuat buat baik dalam alam maupun manusia, dan
bebas mengikuti kehendaknya sendiri dengan caranya sendiri (1998:50).
Romanticism can be seen as a reaction to the enlightenment and political
changes in Europe and America in the late 15th century. European history before
and after the turn of the 18th century to the 19th century controlled by the French
revolution with ideals are summed up in the words of freedom, equality and
fraternity. The ideals are rooted in a belief in the dignity of the individual and his
rights. Therefore, people must be liberated and given the possibility to build a
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better world. In this reality,people are guided and guarded by feeling and instincts
that will attain the perfect happiness.
Beside that, Romanticism is a movement that is influenced by every event
in the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution. It more elevates to the
personal imagination as a way to change the classic comprehension of art. In the
presenting of ideas, this concept prefers to the thing which is reputed as the
certainty of the history and nature.
The Romanticism’s consept, especially in regarding the dignity of the
individual and the influence of nature, implicitly have encountered in the works of
the author who have the deep romantic comprehension. One of the types of
literature that tells the romanticism life is novel. Novel is a series of long proseand
contains a series of someone’s life story with the people around him by focusing
on the characters and attitude of them.The creation of a novel is generally based
on the personal experience and observations of the authors about the event around
them.
One of the famous novelists in the Romanticism era is Jane Austen. She
was born onDecember, 16th 1775. She was also an English novelist in the 18th
century who usually devoted the feel of romance in her works. Austen lived the
last eight years of her life in Chawton. Jane has six brothers and one sister who
was closest with her. Her family prefered on the books and drama. Jane has much
time in her home, he prefered to read the books on his family library. Therefore,
Jane began to write poen and novel. She was inspired by every social events that
happened around her. When she was ill, she stopped towrite a novel and she died
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in 1817. Her famous works are Northanger Abbey (1798), Pride and
Prejudice(1797), Sense and Sensibility (1798), Mansfield Park (1814), persuasion
(1816), dan Emma (1816).
Emma is one of the novels by Jane Austen, itwas written in 1816. Most of
her novels are about love, marriage, happiness and social status. Through Emma,
Jane Austen explores the problem and the difficulty of the honored woman in
Georgian era in England. In Emma, Jane Austen tells about marriage and allthe
major activities of the novel revolve around marriage, match making, and the one
who becomes matchmaker is Emma, the major character in this novel.
The novel tells the story of Emma Woodhouse. She was a beautiful young
girl who 20th years old. She was funny and was seen as a honored woman in
England. She lived in the elite region in Highbury, Harfield with her widowed
father. Emma is a girl who comes from a wealthy family. She has close friend
who was named George Knightley and also as her neighbor.She always trusted
her instinctin uniting a relationship since he had successful to manage relationship
between Miss Taylor, her former nursemaid with Mr. Wetson and they had a
happy ending. Therefore, Emmastarted to match the other people again. She was
confident to her instinct in assessing one’s feeling.
From her instinct, Emma tried to match her friend who was named Harriet
with Mr. Elton. She asked Harriet to refused all the marriage for her because she
was very sure that Mr. Elton felt in love with Harriet. Because of it, Harriet
refused the marriage from Mr. Martin but unfortunately, Mr. Elton did not love
her because she was from the upper classes. He was an arrogant, he looked people
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by their social classes, he just wanted to has relation between the people in upper
class like him. Actually, Mr.Elton felt in love with Emma, it made her was very
shock and she apologized to Harriet. Harriet was so sad to accept the reality. But,
Emma’s previous mistake did not change her mind. She matched Harriet and
Frank, but actually Frank had engaged with another girl who was named Jane.
Jane was niece of Emma’s neighbor. She was an elegant and beautiful girl, she
also talented in the music. It made Emma usually jealous to her.
Emma was sure that Harriet would be sad if she heard the news of the
engagement between Frank and Jane. She regretted for her mistake but Harriet
was not sad as she felt like before. Harriet told her that she felt in love with
Knightley. Emma was shock and envious to hear it. She awared that she had felt
in love with Knightley. But, when Knightley cameback to Highbury, Emma
awared that Knightley also felt in love with her. Then, Knightley asked to marry
her and Emma accepted it. On the other hand, Mr.Knightley persuaded Mr.Martin
to propose marriage to Harriet. And for this time, Harried accepted him.
The writer decides Jane Austen’s Emma as the object of the research
because the author tells about the life of a girl named Emma who has a nuanced
story on teenage romance of thecentury.In a series of the stories, there are some
elements of Romanticism is presented in the novel Jane Austen’s Emma.
Therefore, the writer determines “The Elements ofRomanticism in Jane Austen’s
Emma” as the title of this research. Furthermore, in doing this research the writer
usesstructuralismapproach which learns about intrinsic elements such as character,
plot, setting, and theme.
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B. IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM
The writer finds that in the novel Emma, Jane Austen shows the romance
life in the 18th century. There are some problems in Emma such as arrogance of
youth and risk of misunderstood love. Beside that the elements of romanticism
also finds to support the story about romanticism life in the 18th century, such
asback to nature, individualism, supernatural, sentimentalism, melancholy,
primitivism, and exotism.
C. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The writer limits the scope of problem in this research according to
discussion of this research object and the writer is also interesting to analyze the
elements of Romanticism in Emma. So that the writer formulates the problems
such as:
1. How does the social life of characters as described in Emma ?
2. What are the Romantic elements found in the novel?
D. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
In this research, the writer is going to accomplish some goal to be attained
according to the statement of problems as follows:
1. To describe the social life of characters in Emma.
2. To explain the Romantic elements that are found in the novel.
E. SEQUENCE OF THE WRITING
The writing consists of five chapters. Chapter one is the introduction that
consists of background of writing, identification problem, statement of problem,
objectives of the study and sequence of writing. Chapter two consists of literature
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review which provides review of some previous study and applies some theories
tosupport this analysis. Chapter three consists the kind of methods the writer uses
in analyzing the novel, including method of collecting data, and method of
analyzing data.
Then, chapter four is the central of the analysis. It contains the intrinsic
elements of the novel such as character, plot, setting, and theme and also the
elements romanticism in Emma. Chapter five is the last chapter which concludes
the whole research into a summary of analysis and suggestions.
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, the writer will explain about the previous studies that have
been done on the novel Emma, the contents of the structural approach, and the
element of romanticism.
A. PREVIOUS STUDY
Previous study is an important section to know about the other thesis and
to compare those with this thesis in same novel. The writer finds some previous
studiesrelated to the novel of this analysis. They are made by Sueva Zepriatna
Pither (2013), Wulansari Deby (2016), and Juliawaty (1993).
Sueva Zepriatna Pither (2013) in Emma Views On Marriage In Austen’s
Emma focuses on the question of marriage. The writer describes the Emma views
on marriage in the novel somehow affect other character, but they entirely do not
put all Emma’s views on marriage in their mind. The writer also shows that
Emma has the similarity with England women in 19th century, but her views on
marriage is not entirely reflected in England women. As a character that Jane
Austen had built in the story, her views in marriage also differs with England
women in 19th century.
Wulansari Deby (2016) in The Character Study of Emma Woodhouse
Through Conflict In Jane Austen Emma focuses on analyzing the attitude of main
character, her struggle, and conflict of being a matchmaker. The writer showsthe
closer relationship between the figure of Emma Woodhouse as the main character
among the other character in novel.
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Juliawaty (1993) in Conflict Needs in Jane Austen’s Emma discusses the
aspects of the conflict in the novel of Jane Austen Emma. The writerdescribes the
kind of conflict happened in the novel and the cause of conflict occurs.
Allthe three theses above have same novel with this thesis. The conflict is
always toldthe event which happens between Emma and other characterin the
novel. Beside that, the novel also describes how the Emma’s views on marriage in
and it affectsthe other characterbut they entirely do not put all Emma’s views on
marriage in their mind. There is a little different with this research that is focusing
on the elements of Romanticism in the novel.
The writer has some similar problems with the thesis by Sueva Zepriatna
Pither (2013)but Sueva more focusses on marriage views in 19th century in
England, a little different with the writer that talks the elements romanticsm of
19th century era in the novel.
In the other hand, the little differences are theses by Wulansari Deby
(2016) and Juliawaty (1993), both of them has more similarity purpose that only
focus on the conflict happens between the other characters in novel. The writer
also knows the conflict to get some elements romanticism in the novel, the writer
purposes only to get romanticism element happen in the novel.
B. STRUCTURALISM APPROACH
Structural approach is an approach that was used firstly by Ferdinand de
Saussure. It is one of literary theories from the assumption that the literary work is
composed of several elements which are bound up as a unity, influence each other
and finally work as an autonomous structure. Therefore, it is important to take
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first step based on the structure itself. In this case, close reading is the most
important process. Therefore, in understanding the meaning, the literary work
should be analyzed based on its structure apart from historical background and his
attention also social background and its effect to the reader.
Structural analysis is not an analysis which counts the aspects that build a
literary work, but it focuses on the contribution on the whole aspects. The total
meaning of the work can gasped. Structural approach tries to see the literary work
objectively. It is need to understand the component of the work itself such as
theme, plot, character, setting, style, and etcetera. Teeuw (1988;125) states: