Baron Chapter11

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Copyright 2006, Allyn and Bacon

GROUP#7

GROUP MEMBERS

Shahnawaz Gul

Shoaib Qureshi

Irfan Latif

Ejaz Mehmood


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Aggression

Aggressionbehavior directed toward thegoal of harming another living being whois motivated to avoid such treatment


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Theoretical Perspectives

The Role of Biological Factors

Aggression is inherited and instinctual.

Freuds death instinct (thanatos)

Instinct is aimed at self-destruction, but is redirected toward

others

Social psychologists disagreed with the idea that

aggression was unlearned.

Human aggression takes many forms

Frequency of violence varies across cultures


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Drive Theories

Drive Theories (of aggression)suggest thataggression stems from external conditions that arousethe motive to harm or injure others.

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Modern Theories of Aggression

Social learning perspective.

General Aggression Modelsuggests that

aggression is triggered by a wide range of input

variables which influence arousal, affective

stages, and cognitions



Causes of Human Aggression

Social Causes of Aggression

Frustration Does not always lead to some form of aggression

It may lead to sadness, depression.

Aggression does not always result from frustration.

People may aggress for other reasons (boxers, soldiers).





Provocation Physical or verbal provocation is one of the main

causes of aggression.

People tend to reciprocate with the same or slightly higherlevel of aggression that they receive from others.

Condescension, the expression of arrogance or disdain, is astrong predictor of aggression.





Heightened arousal Arousal in one situation can increase aggression in

response to provocation, frustration, etc. in another,unrelated situation

Excitation Transfer Theorysuggests that arousalproduced in one situation can persist and intensify

emotional reactions occurring in later situations




Exposure to Media Violence

May be a factor that contributes to high levels

of violence in countries where it is viewed bymany people

This is supported by short-term laboratory

experiments and longitudinal studies.




Cultural Factors in Aggression

Cultures of Honorcultures in which there are

strong norms indicating that aggression is anappropriate response to insults to ones honor.




Personal Causes of Aggression

TASS model

Type A, Type B behavior pattern

Narcissism

Sensation seeking

Gender differences




Situational Determinants of Aggression

High temperatures and aggression

There may be link between temperature and

human aggression

Many people often feel irritable and short

tempered on hot and steamy days.




Situational Determinants of Aggression

Alcohol consumption

Participants in experiments who consume alcohol

(enough to be legally drunk) behave more aggressivelyand respond to provocations more strongly than do

participants who do not drink alcohol.

The effects of alcohol on aggressive behavior may be

due to reduced cognitive functioning and the negative

effects it has on accurate social perception.


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Baron Chapter11

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