Austria Hungary in World War I

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

Sara Perisiciir Tecirlioglu

4October 2010

How did Austria Hungary enter the war?

• Black Hand• Assasination of

Franz Ferdinand• Ultimatum to

Serbia• Serbia did not

accept• 28 june 1914• Austria declared

war on Serbia• German support

Battles Involving Austria-Hungary

A• Battle of AsiagoB• Battle of Monte Grappa• Brusilov Offensive• Battle of BucharestC• Battle of Caporetto• Battle of CerD• Battle of DoberdòG• Battle of Gnila Lipa• Gorlice–Tarnów OffensiveI• First Battle of the Isonzo• Second Battle of the

Isonzo• Third Battle of the Isonzo• Fourth Battle of the

Isonzo• Fifth Battle of the Isonzo• Sixth Battle of the Isonzo• Seventh Battle of the

Isonzo• Eighth Battle of the Isonzo• Ninth Battle of the Isonzo• Tenth Battle of the Isonzo• Eleventh Battle of the

IsonzoK• Kerensky Offensive• Battle of Kolubara• Battle of Komarów (1914)

• Battle of Kostiuchnówka• Battle of Kowel• Battle of KraśnikL• Battle of Galicia• Battle of LimanowaM• Battle of Mărăşeşti• Battle of Mărăşti• Battle of Mojkovac• Battle of Mount OrtigaraO• Second Battle of OituzP• Battle of the Piave RiverR• Battle of Rarańcza

• Battle of Rawa• Romania during World

War IS• Battle of San MatteoT• Battle of TransylvaniaV• Battle of Vittorio VenetoZ• Battle of Zborov (1917)

Battles of Isonzo

•12 battles•Along the 60-mile long river•İn between high mountains on both sides•Matter of debatehow many battles there were• Some historians named some of them

differently• But i think there were 12.

12

6th Battle of Isonzo

• 6 August-17 August 1916• Battle of Goriziaonly time Italy succeeded to

capture Gorizia– The main aim

• Two nationswere fighting at the Trentino Offensive (Battle of Asiago)• Most of their soldiers are there• Italy used it as advantagegot his men to Isonzo front w/

railway• Austrians didnt have this advantageweak austrian defense.

• Their power was not equal. – Italy22 divisions– Austria-Hungary9 divisions

DO YOU THINK THIS IS A “REAL” SUCCESS/FIGHT?

Outcome

• Austria-Hungary heavily defeated.• Italians declared war on Germany– İronicGermany will defeat them in the 12th

battle of Isonzo.

12th Battle of Isonzo

• 24 October–19 November 1917• Caporetto Batle• Austrian armyfinally has German support– Russia is out• AHcan turn its attention to Italy.

• Italydefeated

• Germany used their own tactics and weapons.

DO YOU THINK THAT THIS VICTORY BELONGS MOSTLY TO GERMANY OR AUSTRIA-

HUNGARY?

Outcome

• Central Powersadvanced 100 km.• The most significant result of the Isonzo

Battles for Austria-Hungary where Italy was pushed back tobecause this location is where another important battle took place.

THE VIDEO (go to the thingie. It wont work here)

Battle of the Piave River

• 15-22 June 1918• First time Italians got support from French and

British• More german support to AH• Soldiers that used to fight in the russian

frontarriving to italian front• General Diaz (italian general)found out about

the exact time of the german and austrian attack

• ½ hour before the planned attack, Diaz began attacking them.

• Sudden, shocking, unexpected attack (to austrians)

• Heavy casualtiescentral powers• But the gemrans and austrians still wanted to

counterattackthey even gained ground against the Italians (for a short amount of time)

Outcome

• Decisive italian victory23 june• Allies want Diaz to continue these tactics

against AHto destroy the Empire• But Diaz didnt continue because his army was

scattered (result of the battle) and with a scattered army it is not possible to apply the tactic

• Dual Monarchyon the edge of collapsedomestic issues.

The Brusilov Offensive

The Brusilov Offensive• France asked Russia to start offensive on East

front against German and Austro- Hungarian forces to pressure German to transfer troops from Verdun, France.

• Russian Stavka (commander) had a different opinion about tactic and many others had different ideas how to attack.

• The Czar supported general Bruslov’s ideas and his tactics.

• Offensive started on the territory of today Ukraine.

Brusilov’s Tactic

• The Brusilov tactic was to prevent enemy to concentrate their strategic reserve

• Confuse enemy with several points of attract

• Make attack wide, greater than 30 kilometers.

• Limit the duration of bombardment, less than 5 hours.

• Cooperation with artillery and infantry.

• To get trench line very close to enemy.

• Atack before enemy has been achieved with fresh troops.

How Did Brusilov Succeed?

• He used airplanes to make plans of terrains and to detect enemy movement.

• He had detailed plans and use artillery on specific target.

• How he surprised the enemy and his quick and powerful attack brought success.

• Enemy retreated and Russia won the territory• Russia

Result

• The Brusilov Offensive is a very important battle because it was the large victory of the Russian army.

• It weakened the Central power on the Italian front and Verdun.

• It destroyed Austria Hungary as a military force. • Bruslov’s tactic inspired Germans for creating

blitzkrieg.

Battle of Kolubara

Battle of Kolubara• Austro Hungarian Chief of Staff had information that Serbian

army is exhausted and they planed to attack and easily win.• Serbia army was in bad acondition and started to withdrawal

and struggle.• Austria-Hungary’s force planned to cross the river Kolubara to

concur railroad Obrenovac –Valjevo to get supplies from Srem.

Potjorek offensive/fall of Belgrade

• With a help of fog and bad weather Serbian army defended Kolubara because the river flooded and Austrian Hungary couldn’t transfer heavy weapons.

• Austrian Hungary’s troops concurred Belgrade.

• All European countries thought that is end of Serbia but it wasn’t.

Serbians Started a New Offensive

• Serbians asked France for ammunition • France sent ammunition to Solun but when it

was transferred to Nis they realized that the size of the bullets didn’t fit into the Serbian artillery

Serbs resized ammunition ,brought commanders and troops and started offensive on Colubara

Simultaneous general strongly attacked all three Austro-Hangerian army armies

• Serbs effortlessly captured enemy positions.

Victory

• Serbian troops destroyed completely Austrian Hungary troops on river Colubara

• Serbian offensive began in the most unfavorable time for the Austrians. General Potjorek, however, still hoped to win the battle for Belgrade,

• Serbian army decided to liberate Belgrade and nothing could stop them.

• Serbia troops got Belgrade free.

WEAPONS

Schwarzlose MG M.07/12

• Machine gun• Produced in Austria-Hungary• Used by the Austrian army• invented by German Andreas Wilhelm

Schwarzlose • It was mounted on a tripod • Austrian Hungary army use it as naval, infantry

aircraft and fortification weapon

Skoda M1909

• Machine gun• made by the Czech company Skoda

Steyr M1912

• Automatic handgun• 1.2 kg• 215 mm • Designer: Karel Krenka• WWIwidely used• Designed to be a military weapon• Amount built300,000 • Reliable and accurate

Steyr Mannlicher M1895• Quick to loadbcuz of the Mannlicher en

block clip• En block clip was “automatically ejected

through the opening of the magazine as the last round was chambered.”

• accurate

Work Cited• "List of infantry weapons of World War I ." en.wikipedia.org. N.p., 5 Sept. 2010. Web. 3 Oct. 2010.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_infantry_weapons_of_World_War_I#Austria-Hungary>. • "Austria-Hungary Naval Guns." navweaps.com. N.p., 6 Apr. 2009. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNAust_Main.htm>. • Prete. "The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1914-1918." findarticles.com. N.p., Aug. 1998. Web. 3 Oct. 2010.

<http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_n2_v33/ai_n28712512/tag=content;col1>. "Battle Of The Piave River: Results ." • servinghistory.com. N.p., 2010. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://www.servinghistory.com/topics/Battle_of_the_Piave_River::sub::Results>.• "Piave River ." en.academic.ru. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/398123>. • "Battle of the Piave River." enc.slider.com. N.p., 2008. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://enc.slider.com/Enc/Battle_of_the_Piave_River>. • "Battle Of The Piave River: The Battle ." servinghistory.com. N.p., 2010. Web. 3 Oct. 2010.

<http://www.servinghistory.com/topics/Battle_of_the_Piave_River::sub::The_Battle>.• Duffy, Michael. "Battles - The Battle of the Piave River, 1918 ." firstworldwar.com. N.p., 22 Aug. 2009. Web. 3 Oct. 2010.

<http://firstworldwar.com/battles/piaveriver.htm>.• "Battle of the Piave River ." en.wikipedia.org. N.p., 19 Sept. 2010. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Piave_River>. • "Remembering the Battles of the Isonzo." thompsonwerk.com. N.p., 2010. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://www.thompsonwerk.com/2010/06/remembering-the-battles-of-

the-isonzo/>. • "Le Grand Guerra." worldwar1.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://www.worldwar1.com/itafront/ isonzo11.htm>.• "WW1 World War One.info." ww1-world-war-one.info. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://www.ww1-world-war-one.info/WWI-Italian-Front-Isonzo-Battles-6-11.htm>. • Rickard, J (31 August 2007), First battle of the Isonzo, 23 June-7 July 1915 .<http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_isonzo1.html>• Battles - The Battles of the Isonzo, 1915-17 ." firstworldwar.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/isonzo.htm>.• "Category:Austria-Hungary and World War I." en.wikipedia.org. N.p., 15 Sept. 2010. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Austria-

Hungary_and_World_War_I>. • "Battles of the Isonzo." britannica.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/296437/Battles-of-the-Isonzo>. • Eger, Christopher. "The 12 Battles of the Isonzo." suite101.com. N.p., 20 July 2006. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://www.suite101.com/content/the-12-battles-of-the-isonzo-

a4496>. • "Battles of the Isonzo." en.wikipedia.org. N.p., 26 Sept. 2010. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo>. • "The Battle of Caporetto." historylearningsite.co.uk. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/battle_of_caporetto.htm>. • "Austria-Hungary Goes to War." greatwardifferent.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2010.

<http://www.greatwardifferent.com/Great_War/Austria_Hungary/Austria_Hungary_00.htm>.• "Steyr M1912." en.wikipedia.org. N.p., 5 Aug. 2010. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Steyr_M1912>.• "Steyr-Mannlicher M1895 ." en.wikipedia.org. N.p., 19 Sept. 2010. Web. 3 Oct. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steyr-Mannlicher_M1895>.• Currie, Stephen. Life in the Trenches. San Diego: Lucent Books Inc., 2002. Print.

THANK YOU!