April 20, 2011 Have out your Rock Music Video EVALUATIONS! Today’s Trivia: Today in 1861, General R________ E. L_____ resigned from the Union Army three days after his native state of _________ seceded from the Union.
Dec 17, 2015
April 20, 2011
Have out your Rock Music Video EVALUATIONS!
Today’s Trivia: Today in 1861, General R________ E. L_____ resigned from the Union Army three days after his native state of _________ seceded from the Union.
Industry: North• Industrialization
1. Division of work tasks2. Factories of specialized workers3. Machinery was introduced in factories• By 1860, the North’s factories produced 2/3 of the country’s manufactured goods!
Transportation: North• Improved transportation allows for industrial
success• 1800-1850: Canals and roads developed– Canals opened new shipping routes by connecting
lakes and rivers• Steamboats: Robert Fulton (1807)– Allowed for easier transportation upstream
• Clipper ships (1840s)– Extremely fast sailboats – “Clipped” the travel time
Transportation: North
• Railroads– 1840: 3,000 miles of track– 1860: 31, 000 miles of track united the Midwest
and the East
• First pulled by horse, then by steam engines!• Allowed grain, livestock and dairy products to
move directly, faster and cheaper• Made it easier to settle in the Midwest
Agriculture: North • Turned away from farming and chose industry– Factories had success in areas that were difficult
to farm like the Northeast
• New inventions that aided farmers:1.Steel tipped plow-John Deere, 18372.Mechanical reaper-Cyrus McCormick
Industry: South
• Successful economy depended on slavery– Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) allowed for faster
harvesting of cotton, which made farmers want more cotton to harvest
• Upper South produced tobacco, • hemp, wheat and vegetables• Deep South produced mainly cotton
Industry: South
• Some southern leaders thought that there should be factories in the South– Too much dependency on Northern goods– Help economy of less prosperous Upper South
• Had a lower value of manufactured goods than the state of PA!– Little market for these goods– Would have to sell slaves or land in order to build
factories
Transportation: South• Natural waterways were depended on
because most towns were located near coasts or rivers– Few canals– Poor roads
• Railroads were short, local and not interlinked– Only 1/3 of country’s railroads by 1860
People: North• Factory workers– Long hours in dangerous and uncomfortable
conditions– Factory owners were more concerned with profit than safety– Tried to unite in trade unions, but striking was illegal until 1842
People: North• African-American workers– Faced prejudice and discrimination in work,
voting, school and hospitals
• Women Workers– Discrimination at work: lower pay and excluded from unions
People: North
• Immigrants – Irish and German were the largest groups– Drastically increased the population by 1860– Would work for lower wages– Faced prejudice• Know Nothing Party: Wanted stricter citizenship laws
People: South
• Most white Southerners were yeomen, tenant farmers, the rural poor or plantation owners– Yeomen: farmers who did not have enslaved
workers, owned their own land and produced for local trade merchants, largest group in the South
– Tenant farmers: farmers who works land owned by another and pays rent in cash or crops
– Rural poor: lived in crude cabins in the woods, looked down on by other whites, independent and avoided jobs done by enslaved people
People: South• Plantations: several thousand acres with a
comfortable farm house– Partly measured wealth by number of slaves– Only 4% had 20 or more slaves, most had less than 10– Main goal was to earn profits
• Plantation wives– In charge of the household– Supervised buildings, fruit/veggie gardens, domestic
slaves, keep financial records