Appendages • (1) Cutaneous glands – all exocrine glands – Form in stratum basale and push down into dermis – (A) Sebaceous (oil) glands • Everywhere but palms and soles • Most ducts empty into hair follicles • Produce sebum – oily substance and fragmented cells – Keep skin moist –Have chemicals to kill bacteria –Production especially stimulated by male sex hormones
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Appendages (1) Cutaneous glands – all exocrine glands –Form in stratum basale and push down into dermis –(A) Sebaceous (oil) glands Everywhere but palms.
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Appendages• (1) Cutaneous glands – all exocrine glands
– Form in stratum basale and push down into dermis
– (A) Sebaceous (oil) glands
• Everywhere but palms and soles
• Most ducts empty into hair follicles
• Produce sebum – oily substance and fragmented cells
ulcer w/ raised border– Rapid growth – metastasizes to lymph nodes– Common on scalp, ears, hands, lower lip
• (3) Malignant melanoma– In melanocytes– 5% of skin cancers – 50% chance of survival– Spreading brown/black patch– Metastasizes to lymph nodes and blood
vessels
• ABCD Rule – to recognize melanoma– A – asymmetry– B – border
irregularity – not smooth
– C – color – does it contain different colors
– D – diameter – larger than 6mm
Burns• Caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation,
chemicals• Problems:• (1) Allow fluid to seep out (contains proteins and
electrolytes)– May lead to kidney shutdown and circulatory
shock– Must replace fluids
• (2) Infection – leading cause of death w/ burns– Bacteria and fungi may invade
• Determine extent of burns using “Rule of Nines”
– Body is divided into 11 areas (each 9% of body surface) and genital area (1%)
– Critical
• 25% of body w/ 2nd degree
• 10% w/ 3rd degree
• Face/hands/feet w/ 3rd degree
–If on face they may cause swelling and suffocation
• Classified by severity
• 1st degree – only epidermis
– Red, swollen
– Heal w/in 2-3 days
– Ex. Most sunburns
– Aka partial thickness burn
• 2nd degree – epidermis and upper dermis
– Red, blisters
– Regeneration can still occur
– Aka partial thickness burn
• 3rd degree – all of epidermis and dermis
– Not painful – destroys nerve endings
– Gray, white, or blackened
– No regeneration
– Aka full thickness burn
Development• Birth
– Lanugo – downy covering – infant sheds by birth
– Vernix caseosa – white substance produced by sebaceous glands