Systems of the Body SNC2D
Dec 18, 2015
The Integumentary SystemMade up of skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, scent
glands and sebaceous (oil) glandsSweat glands secret sweat; evaporation of sweat
cools the body when it is overheated.Oil glands produce oils that lubricate, waterproof,
and help skin infections. A plugged oil gland looks like a blackhead
The Digestive SystemDigestive system transports nutrients through
the body by the absorption of nutrientsAbsorption is the process by which food that has
already been broken down passes through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream
Absorption mainly takes place in the small intestine
The Digestive SystemThe process of digestion is as follows:
Mouth – teeth, tongue and salivaEsophagus – “peristalsis” – movement of food in
rythmic wavesStomach – physical digestion through churning
action and mixing with digestive juices such as acid and enzymes
Liver – secretes bile into the intestine, which breaks up fat and helps with absorption
Pancreas – secrets insulin to break down sugarsIntestines – reabsorbs water, absorbs nutrients
through large surface areaRectus and Anus – storage of waste materials
until elimination occurs
The Respiratory SystemFunction is to obtain oxygen and release
carbon dioxide
Oxygen is needed for carrying out life processes of the cell as well as for breaking down food to produce energy
When you inhale through your mouth or nose, your rib cage rises and your diaphragm contracts and moves downward to increase the size of your chest cavity while decreasing the air pressure in the cavity
The Respiratory SystemWhen you exhale, your rib cage lowers and
your diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, decreasing the size of your chest cavity.
The Respiratory SystemHow It Works:• When you breathe in air through your nose and mouth,
the air passes through the pharynx (throat) into your trachea.
• Air moves down the trachea to the bronchus, into smaller bronchial tubes, and then into tiny air sacs, called alveoli.
• The alveoli are surrounded by thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries. Each lung contains about 150 million alveoli.
• Oxygen travels from the alveoli through the capillaries into the blood.
The Circulatory SystemThe circulatory system is the blood’s
transportation systemThe circulatory system includes the heart, blood,
and blood vessels called arteries, veins and capillaries.
The heart acts as a pump to transport and regulate the flow of blood through a series of blood vessels.
Arteries carry blood away from the heartVeins carry blood back to the heart. Veins contain
valves that stop blood from flowing backward.Network of capillaries connects veins and
arteries
The Circulatory SystemOxygen and carbon dioxide flow in and out of
the capillaries, which are one cell thick.
If blood has more oxygen than tissues, oxygen will be moved, or “diffused” across the capillary walls into the tissues.
Carbon dioxide and other wastes “diffuse” from the tissues to the capillaries
Blood brings the carbon dioxide to the lungs
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Pulmonary Artery
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Vein
Into the left Atrium from the Pulmonary Veins
Left Ventricle
Aorta
The Circulatory System
http://www.sciencesource2.ca/resources/SS_active_art/active_art/SEinteractive_gr10_ch02_pg70/index.html
The Excretory SystemFilters waste products from the bloodMaintains proper levels of water and
electrolytes in the bodyThis system consists of the kidneys, ureters,
urinary bladder, urethra, and skinWhen blood flows through your kidneys,
waste is removed by filters called nephrons. This waste is called urine
The urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to the bladder where it is stored until elimination, which occurs through the urethra.
The Excretory SystemThe skin is part of this system because it
excretes waste through sweat
Possible DiscomfortsGOUT – body accumulates more than usual amount
of uric acid which gets stored in parts of body such as toe joints. Kidney stones can also form due to gout.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs) – This is caused by bacteria in the urethra blocking the flow of urine
The Endocrine System(info not found in textbook)
This system regulates mood, growth and development, metabolism as well as reproductive processes
Often works together with nervous systemThis system includes hormones and glandsHormone levels can become unbalanced by
factors such as stress or infectionGland is a group of cells that produces
chemicals as well. A gland selects and removes materials from the blood, changes these materials and use them somewhere else in the body
The Lymphatic System(info not found in textbook)
The main purpose of this system is to protect your body against disease
LYMPH is a colourless fluid containing white blood cells
Lymph circulates through the body coating cells in nutrients and oxygen while collecting harmful materials.
Lymph nodes are small nodules which act as filters to trap unwanted substances in the lymph. They also produce more white blood cells.
You will learn about the skeletal, muscle, nervous, and
organ systems during your computer lab on Friday