APA Style - Basics · APA Style consists of rules or guidelines to ensure clear and consistent presentationof written material. It concerns uniform use of such elementsas • selection

APA Style - Basics

15.09.2017 APA Style Basics 1

APA Style

"APA Style was developed by social and behavioral scientists to standardize scientific

writing.“ (Basics of APA StyleTutorial)

What is APAStyle?

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of theAmerican

Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC:Author.


APA Style

Online Tutorial


http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx

APA Style


http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/what-is-apa-style.aspx

What is APAStyle

APA Style consists of rules or guidelines to ensure clear and consistent presentation of

written material.

It concerns uniform use of such elements as

• selection of headings, tone, and length,

• punctuation and abbreviations,

• presentation of numbers and statistics,

• construction of tables and figures,

• citation of references, and

• many other elements that are a part of a manuscript.

http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/what-is-apa-style.aspx

APA Style

Also refer to the

‚Guidelines for scientific

writing‘ for formatting

instructions!

Manuscript Parts

Page 1: Title Page

Page 2:Abstract/Zusammenfassung

Page 3: Main Body

References: Begin on new page after last page of text.

Appendix (if necessary)


APA Style

http://www.worthpublishers.com/Catalog/uploadedFiles/Content/Worth/Custom_Solutions/Psychology_ForeWords/Marek_Ch04_APAstyle_Color.pdf


Formatting

http://www.worthpublishers.com/Catalog/uploadedFiles/Content/Worth/Custom_Solutions/Psychology_ForeWords/Marek_Ch04_APAstyle_Color.pdf

APA Style


Formatting

• Set uniform margins of at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) on the top, bottom, left, and right of every

page (follow ‚Guidelines for scientific writing‘: 4 cm on the left).

• Set the font size of the document to 12-pt. font.

• Set the font type of the document to Times New Roman.

• Double-space the entire manuscript, including the title page, abstract, body of the document,

references, appendixes, footnotes, tables, and figures (follow ‚Guidelines for scientific

writing‘: 1.5-space).

• All the paragraphs in the document should be left aligned and have a first line indent set to

.5 inches on the ruler.

• Include page numbers on every page (excl. Title Page and Appendix)

APA Style

http://www.apastyle.org/


Headings

Follow ‚Guidelines for scientific writing‘: Include numbered headings.


APA Style

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/03/

Tables

• All tables should be numbered (e.g., Table 1, Table 2, Table 3).

• Each table should have an individual title, italicized and presented with each word

capitalized (except and, in, of, with, etc.).

• Do not use vertical lines.

• A table can be either single-spaced or double-spaced.

• All tables should be referenced in the text of the paper.



APA Style

Footnotes

To offer further information on a topic that is not directly related to the text. As content

footnotes should be concise, avoid writing lengthy paragraphs!

Please note: Footnotes are not used to include references!

• Insert a number formatted in superscript.

• Assemble footnotes altogether on a page following the References.

• The title “Footnotes” should be centered at the top of the page.


APA Style



Supporting Claims with Sources...

Quotations, paraphrases, and summaries serve many purposes.

You might use them to:

• Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing

• Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing

• Give examples of several points of view on a subject

• Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with


APA Style


http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/01/writing-in-text-citations-in-apa-style.html

In-Text Citations

Author–date system: In-text citations include the author and date, either both inside

parentheses or with the author names in running text and the date in parentheses. When

using a direct quotation, include the page number.

After the intervention, children increased in the number of books read per week (Smith &

Wexwood, 2010).

Smith and Wexwood (2010) reported that after the intervention, children increased in the

number of books read per week.

It was found that after the intervention, children „read even more books than

before“ (Smith & Wexwood, 2010, p. 237)


APA Style



Citations

Within parentheses, alphabetize the references and separate them by semicolons:

Studies of reading in childhood have produced mixed results (Albright, Wayne, &

Fortinbras, 2004; Gibson, 2011; Smith & Wexwood, 2010).


APA Style



Citations


APA Style


Citations


‚and‘......is ‚&‘ in

parentheses


APA Style


Citations


all authors...

use ‚et al.‘ in

subsequent citations


APA Style


Citations


more than six authors...

...always use‚et al.‘


APA Style

• Your references should begin on a new page.

• Title the new page "References" and center the title text at the top of the page.

• All entries should be in alphabetical order.

• The first line of a reference should be flush with the left margin. Each additional

line should be indented.

• All sources cited should appear both in-text and on the reference page.


Reference List



APA Style


Reference List - Basics



APA Style


Reference List - Basics

Author-Date-Sytem



APA Style



Reference List



APA Style


http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/560/

Reference List – Print Sources

JournalArticle

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,

volume number(issue number), xxx-yyy. doi:http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy

Book

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location:

Publisher.

Article or Chapter in an Edited Book

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor

(Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-yyy). Location: Publisher.


http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy



APA Style


Teaching Materials

Usually, teaching material is unpublished or informally published material (see APAStyle,

7.05)

Unpublished manuscript with a university cited:

Author, A. A. (2013). Title of work. Unpublished manuscript, Wirtschafts- und

Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.

APA Style


Reference List – Electronic Sources

Online Newspaper Article

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from

http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Section of a Web Document or Online Book Chapter

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. In Title of book or larger

document (chapter or section number). Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Online Encyclopedias and Dictionaries

Feminism. (n.d.). In Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/

EBchecked/topic/724633/feminism

Nonperiodical Web Document, Web Page, or Report

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved fromhttp://Web

address




http://www.britannica.com/

http://Web/


APA Style



Electronic Sources

Unknown Author and Unknown Date: If no author or date is given, use the title in your

signal phrase or the first word or two of the title in the parentheses and use the

abbreviation "n.d.“ for "no date“:

Another study of students and research decisions discovered that students succeeded

with tutoring ("Tutoring and APA“, n.d.).

Sources Without Page Numbers

When an electronic source lacks page numbers, you should try to include information that

will help readers find the passage being cited. When an electronic document has

numbered paragraphs, use the abbreviation "para." followed by the paragraph number:

According to Smith (1997), ... („Mind over Matter“ section, para. 6).


APA Style


Further Ressources

• Official Site: http://www.apastyle.org

• Free Tutorials: http://www.apastyle.org/learn/index.aspx - Online tutorials for

beginners and those that just want to see what changed in Sixth Edition. This page

also links to specific APA topics for easyaccess

• APA Blog (for very specific questions and latest news): http://blog.apastyle.org/

apastyle/


http://www.apastyle.org/learn/index.aspx

http://blog.apastyle.org/


http://www.keepcalmandposters.com/poster/1072479_keep_calm_and_format

APA Style - Basics · APA Style consists of rules or guidelines to ensure clear and consistent presentationof written material. It concerns uniform use of such elementsas • selection

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