Antebellum

UNIT 5 .4

Antebellum

Events leading to the Civil War

Antebellum – the period before the warSectionalism

The industrial Northeast The agricultural Northwest (today’s Midwest) The South The West

What areas were most of the immigrants going? What type of transportation systems did each area have? How was the North becoming united?

Not that antebellum

1848 to 1850

With California growing so quickly with the gold rush, it was quickly ready for statehood.

Why did the U.S. government want to make sure that it joined the nation?

Were most of the 49ers in support of slavery?1848 Election

Whigs get Zachary Taylor (war hero) elected

In 1850, the attitude of most northerners on slavery was that they just did not want to see it spread to new territories (think Wilmot Proviso).

Compromise of 1850The Old Guard

Henry Clay (Ken) “Great Compromiser”

John C. Calhoun (SC) Southern leader

Daniel Webster (Mass) New England leader(all would die w/in 2 years)

The Young Guns Stephen Douglas (IL)

New Compromiser Jefferson Davis (MISS)

Southern leader William Seward(NY)

Antislavery leader

Clay is not able to get a compromise.

President Taylor may veto even if it passes.

Douglas splits up bill and logrolls it. Taylor Dies.

Main parts to know: 1. California – Free State 2. Fugitive Slave Act 3. No slave trade in D.C.

1850-1853 – calm period

The Presidents of the 1850s

Zachary Taylor (Whig) dies and Millard Fillmore (#13) takes over, but it not very influential.

1852 Election Dem – Franklin Pierce Whig – Winfield Scott Free-Soil – John Hale

Pierce (#14)would win, but be considered a weak leader.

1856 Election Dem – James Buchanan Rep – John Fremont

• 1st election of Reps Know-Nothing – Fillmore

• Anti-immigrant party Fillmore, Pierce, and Buchanan

are consider some of the worst Presidents ever. Is that fair?

The most important political figure in the 1850s would Stephen Douglas (“the little giant”)

The game-changer in U.S. History

1854 – The Kansas Nebraska Act Stephen Douglas pushed through. Transcontinental Railroad route would be moved north (remember Gadsden

Purchase? Doesn’t matter now.)

Kansas and Nebraska Territories would vote (Popular Sovereignty) whether to be slave or free.

Basically ended Missouri Compromise Many northern Democrats upset – leave and form Republican

Party

Results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas

Both pro and anti slavery groups came to Kansas

• “Beecher Bibles”• Emigrate Aid Society

Lecompton Constitution Pro-slavery constitution

• “Border Ruffians”Pottawatomie Massacre

led by John Brown (5 killed)

Revote later made it a Free State

-Creation of Republican Party

Sumner – Brooks Incident (1856)

Sen. Andrew ButlerRep. Preston BrooksSen. Charles Sumner

Late 1850s Events

Panic of 1857 What happened in North? South?

Dred Scott v. Sandford Justice Roger Taney What was the ruling? What was the effect?

1858 Illinois Senate debates Stephen Douglas vs. Abraham Lincoln Freeport Doctrine – Douglas backed up his idea of Popular

Sovereignty Douglas wins this election, but ruined chances for President in

1860Harper’s Ferry Raid 1859

John Brown – “martyr”

1860 Election

4 candidates Dem (S)- John Breckinridge -

red Dem (N)- Stephen Douglas -

orange Rep – Abraham Lincoln -

blue Union – John Bell - green

Who won the southern states?

Who won the northern states? Who won the border states? Who was the most “national”

candidate as he was 2nd place in most places?

Note – colors not the same as map

Secession

After Lincoln was elected (but before inaugurated), 7 states seceded from the United States:SC, Mississippi, FL, Alabama, GA, Louisiana, Texas

Capital was made originally was: Montgomery, ALPresident elected: Jefferson DavisLater four more states would join:

Virginia, Arkansas, Tenn, NCCapital was then moved to: Richmond What country looked like they had a more qualified President – the

USA or the CSA?

Why are there 13 stars on the CSA flag if there were only 11 states?

Border States: Slave States that did not join CSA

Missouri Kentucky Maryland Delaware **West VirginiaIf slavery isn’t the issue as your

elementary teacher told you, then why didn’t they leave too?

So, what is the reason?

Bonnie Blue Flag

Stars and Bars

The Final Months before Ft. Sumter

Crittenden Compromise: Sen. Crittenden of Kentucky tried one last ditch effort of compromise the union back together, but it failed.

What did (lame-duck) President Buchanan do from November, 1860 till Lincoln took office in March, 1861?

Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address

Preserve the UnionHe asserted that as he had just taken an oath "to

preserve, protect, and defend the United States Constitution."

Closing: "We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies.

Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature."

Historical factors leading to Secession Idea

American RevolutionArticles of ConfederationVirginia / Kentucky Resolutions

(“nullification” idea)Essex Junto / Hartford Convention1832 Tariff Crisis/nullification

Links

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1OFdpUsO8w – Harper’s Ferry / John Brown

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OXfieeb3fk – Antebellum South fine homes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m65PhvCaDtQ&feature=relmfu – review sectionalism

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzRMRvmPz7E&feature=relmfu – review K&N act

Reflection Questions

The Compromise of 1850 delayed the Civil War. What changes in the next 10 years would benefit the north?

How was the Kansas-Nebraska Act such a critical point in U.S. History?

Do Presidents Fillmore, Pierce, and Buchanan deserve to be labeled as some of the worst Presidents ever?

How are the Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, and Dred Scott decision similar?