ae-bmf · 2019-06-28 · State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala.

ae-bmfw

So®¿sSIvÃv

tIc-f-k¿°m¿

hnZym- ym-k-h-Ip∏v

Ãm≥tU¿Uv

Xbm-dm-°n-bXvkwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw

2019

A\p-_‘w

IX

State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)

Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala.

BapJw

s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk kwc-£-W-b⁄w tIc-f-Øns‚ hnZym-`ymktaJ-

e-bn¬ KpW-]-c-amb henb t\´-ßƒ krjvSn-®p-sIm≠v apt∂-dp-I-bm-

Wv. B[p-\nI hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ]tbm-

P-\-s∏-SpØn ]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ck-I-chpw ê-]-Z-hp-am-°m-\p≈

ssl -sSIv ¢mkvap-dn-Iƒ km¿h-Xn-I-am-bn. Htckabw KpW-ta-∑-bp≈

hnZym-`ymkw F√m Ipń-Iƒ°pw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw AXn-\m-h-iy-

amb A°m-Z-an-I-˛-ù-Xn-I-ku-I-cy-ßƒ Hcp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Zo¿L-ho-

£-W-tØm-sS-bp≈ \ΩpsS ]≤-Xn-Iƒ cmPy-Øn-\p-Xs∂ amXr-I-bmbn

amdn-°-gn-™p.

`mhn-k-aq-l-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]p-Xnb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬

]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-fn¬ Imen-I-amb Nne sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hcp-Øn-bn-

´p-≠v. ]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-¥-ßƒ kw`-hn-°p-tºmƒ kzc-£bpw kaq-l-kp-c-

£bpw Dd-∏m-°n-s°m≠v Zpc-¥-\n-hm-cW]h¿Ø\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm-

\p≈ at\m-`m-hhpw [mc-Wbpw ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bv°v ]I¿∂p\¬Ip-

∂-Xn-\p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

tZio-b -sXm-gn¬ss\]pWn N´-°q-Sp-ambn (F≥.-F-kv.-Iyp.-F-^v.)

_‘-s∏´ ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw tN¿Øn-´p-≠v.

]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ hcp-Ønb am‰-ßƒ Dƒs°m≠v anI-hp‰ ]T\

-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bkq-XWw sNøp-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb coXn-bn-emWv

So®¿sSIvÃns‚ Cu A\p-_‘w Xbm-dm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \ne-hn-ep≈

So®¿sSIvÃn¬ \¬Inb hni-Zo-I-c-W-ß-tfmSpw hymJym-\-ß-tfmSpw

tN¿Øv CXp ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. ]T-\-]n-¥p-W-bv°p≈ IqSp-X¬

hn`-h-ßƒ kaK t]m¿´-en-eq-sSbpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse Iyp.B¿.-

tIm-Un-eq-sSbpw ]¶p-hbv°p-∂Xv ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-a-t√m.

tUm. sP. ]kmZvUb-d-IvS¿

Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.-Sn.

1. \ns∂-tØ-Sp-h-tX-sXmcp `mh\!..

2. a\p-jy-I-Ym-\p-Km-bn-Iƒ

3. IpXp-I-tam-Sm-e-]n-®mepw

tIcf]mTm-hen

1. ]qs°m-sfm-s°bpw hm°p-I-fm-Ip-tºmƒ

2. ImgvN-bpsS kwKoXw

3. Hcp IpS∂ shfn-®-ambv

ASn-ÿm\]mTm-hen

6

ae-bmfw-ae-bmfw-ae-bmfw-ae-bmfw-ae-bmfw-H≥]Xv

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]IrXnkuµ-cyhpw

Iem-ku-µ-cyhpw

a\pjys\ ]IrXnbn¬\n∂v am‰n\n¿Øn ]IrXn-kuµcysØbpw Iemkuµcy-sØbpw hniIe\w sNøpI-bmWv "]IrXnkuµcyhpw Iem-kuµcyhpw' F∂teJ\Øn¬ Fw.]n. t]mƒ. ]IrXn`mhßfpsS £WnI-Xsb At]£n®vIebpsS `mhw Nncÿmbn-bmsW∂v teJI≥ ka¿Yn°p∂p.

a\p-jys‚ Pohn-X-]-cn-X-ÿn-XnI-fn¬\n∂pw kmaq-lnIkml-N-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂pw cq]-s∏-´-h-bmWv Ie-Iƒ. `mj F∂t]mse \rØw, \rXyw, \mSyw, Bte-J-\w, inev]-\n¿amWw XpSßnb Ie-I-sf√mwXs∂ Bibhn\n-a-tbm-]m[n F∂ \ne-bn-emWvhf¿∂-sX∂p ImWmw. hn-Im-c-hnNm-c-ßƒ At\ym\yw ]¶p-hbv-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS \Ω-sfm-∂m-sW∂pw H∂n®p\n¬°p∂XmWv \ne-\n¬∏n\v Bh-iy-sa-∂pap≈ kaq-l-Nn¥ krjvSn-°m≥ Ie-Iƒ°v km[n-®p.

a\pjy≥ ]IrXnbpsS `mKamsW¶nepw X\Xmb as‰mckvXnXzw ]Xn®p\¬In]IrXnbn¬\n∂v a\pjys\ thdn´p I≠psIm≠mWv Fw.]n. t]mƒ ]IrXn-kuµcy -sØbpw IemkuµcysØbpw hniIe\w sNøp∂Xv. ]IrXn -kuµcyØn\pw IemkuµcyØn\pw ]ckv]cm-inXXzaps≠¶nepw AXns\adnIS°p∂ X\na c≠n\paps≠∂p≈ Is≠ØemWv a\pjys\ ]IrXn-bn¬\n∂p thdn´pImWm≥ Fw.]n. t]mfns\ t]cn∏n -°p∂Xv. ]IrXn -kuµcyØns‚ Ne\mflIXbpw IemkuµcyØns‚ ÿmbo`mhhpamWvc≠ns\bpw th¿Xncn®p ImWm\p≈ as‰mcp ImcWw. ]IrXnbn¬ tIhekuµcywAkpeàmsW∂pw Ie¿∏pIsf If™v ip≤am°ptºmtg ]IrXnkuµcywBkzZn°m-\mhp-Ibp≈q F∂pw teJI≥ \nco-£n-°p-∂p.

]mTm]KY\w

]IrXnkuµcyhpw Iemkuµcyhpw hn`n∂amsW∂pw c≠n\pw AXnt‚XmbkhntijXIƒ Ds≠∂pw Fw.]n. t]mƒ teJ\ØneqsS ka¿Yn°p∂p.

$ a\pjy≥ ]IrXnbn¬\n∂p hn`n∂\mWv.

$ Cu hn`P\amWv ]IrXnkuµcysØbpw IemkuµcysØbpw thdn´vhniIe\w sNøp∂Xns‚ ASnÿm\w.

$ a\pjy≥ ]IrXnbpsS AwiamsW∂p IcpXnbm¬ Cu hn`P\Øns‚ASnÿm\w \jvSamhpw.

\ns∂-tØ-Sp-h-tX-sXmcp mh\!..\ns∂-tØ-Sp-h-tX-sXmcp mh\!..\ns∂-tØ-Sp-h-tX-sXmcp mh\!..\ns∂-tØ-Sp-h-tX-sXmcp mh\!..\ns∂-tØ-Sp-h-tX-sXmcp mh\!..1

So®¿ sSIvÃvSo®¿ sSIvÃvSo®¿ sSIvÃvSo®¿ sSIvÃvSo®¿ sSIvÃv

7

123456789012345678901234567123456789012345678901234567123456789012345678901234567\ns∂-tØ-Sp-h-tX-sXmcp `mh\!

$ ]IrXn°v kuµcyØns‚ ]XoXn P\n∏n°m≥ Ignbpsa¶nepw AXvÿmbnb√; £WnIamWv.

$ Ie \n›eambnØs∂ \nesIm≈p∂p.

$ ]IrXnbn¬ tIhekuµcyw AkpeàmWv. ]IrXnkuµcyw a‰p ]eXpambnIe¿∂pInS°p∂p.

$ Ie tkmt±iy]cambXn\m¬ CØcw Ie¿∏pIƒ Hgnhm°n A\p`qXn-ZmbIamIp∂p.

$ Ie ]t£]Wkz`mhap≈XmWv. a‰p≈hcnseØnbns√¶n¬ Iebv°v\ne\n¬∏n√.

$ ]IrXnbn¬\n∂p e`n® A\p`qXn Iemcq]ambn ]cnWan°ptºmƒ\qX\amb Hcwiw AXn¬ Dƒt®cp∂p. IemImcs‚ `mh\bmWXv. Cu\qX\mwiamWv Iesb ÿmbnbmbn \ne\n¿Øp∂Xv.

$ Ie kuµcyamsW∂p IcpXptºmgpw AXv kt¥mjP\IamsW∂pIcpXm\mhn√. Ie am\kntIm√mkw P\n∏n°m≥ amXw e£yanń´p≈Xpa√.]IrXnbn¬\n∂p e`n® Hc\p`qXn AXns‚ G‰hpw kuµcymflIamb`mhsØ ]ISn∏n°ptºmƒ Ie t]£Is‚ a\ ns\ Akzÿtam]£p_v[tam B°p∂p. ]IrXn-Zpc¥Øns‚ AXnkpµcamb BhnjvImcwt]£I\n¬ krjvSn°p∂Xv `bm\Itam _o`’tam Bb ckß-fmbncn°pw. CXmWv Iem-\n¿am-W-Ønse hntcm-[m-`m-kw.

]th-iI]h¿Ø\w

""acµw Xpfp-ºp∂ ae-cn≥ Np‰pw-IqSnapcfpw tX\o-®-Iƒ ]d∂pIfn-°th;h√n-Im-\-Sn-Iƒ \¬ ]√-hm-Ip-eambNn√-ss°-bp-I-fmń \¿Ø\w sNbvXo-Sth;Adn-bm-X-h-tcm-Sp-IqSn \Ω-fp, tatXm]c-am-\µ]hm-l-Øn-¶¬ apgp-Ip-∂p.''

]Ir-Xn-Zriyß-fpsS at\m-l-c-amb NnX-am-Wt√m Ihn ChnsS Bhn-jvIcn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

$ Cu hcn-I-sf-gp-Xm≥ Ihnsb ]tNm-Zn-∏n® ImgvN-Iƒ GsX-√m-am-bn-cn°pw?

$ CØcw ImgvN-Iƒ F√m-h-cnepw Htc Nn¥-I-fmtWm DW¿ØpI?

$ Ihn I≠ ImgvN-Iƒ C∂pw AXp-t]mse \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠m-Iptam?

tNmZy-ßƒ Hmtcm-∂mbn D∂-bn®v N¿®sNøp-∂p.

n Ipń-I-fpsS A`n-]m-b-ßƒ t_m¿Un¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

F¶n¬ ]IrXnZriy-ß-fpsS ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

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$ BI¿jIw

$ AXn-c‰ B\µw ]I-cp∂p.

$ ImgvN-°m-c-\-\p-k-cn®v ImgvN-Ifpw amdp-∂p.

$ ImgvN-Iƒ \nc-¥cw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

$

CØcw ]Ir-Xn-ku-µ-cy-ßƒ Ihn-X-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ kuµ-cy-X-e-Øn\v Fs¥√mw am‰-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂p?

$ Cµn-bm-\p-`qXn Ihn hmMva-b-Nn-X-ß-fm°n am‰p-∂p.

$ ]Ir-Xnsb AtX-]Sn ]I¿Øp-I-b√ Ihn sNøp-∂-Xv.

$ Ihn-bpsS kzIo-b-amb A\p-`q-Xn-IƒIqSn Ihn-X-bn¬ Dƒt®-cp∂p.

$ Ihna\- ns\ BI¿jn® Zriy-ß-fmWv Ihn-X-bmbn amdp-∂Xv.

$ Ihn-X-bn¬ B kuµcyw am‰-an-√msX XpS-cp∂p.

F∂m¬ ]IrXnkuµcyw ÿmbn-bmbn \ne-\n¬°p-∂pt≠m?

Ipń-Iƒ apt∂m´phbv°p∂ a‰-`n-]m-b-ßƒIqSn ]cn-K-Wn®v ]Ir-Xn-kuµ-cy-Øns‚]tXy-I-X-Iƒ tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

]Ir-Xn-ku-µcyw, Iem-ku-µcyw F∂nh kw_-‘n®v ]ikvX \ncq-]-I-\m-bFw.]n.- t]m-fns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv? teJ\w hmbn®pt\m°q.....

]h¿Ø\hniIe\w

Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ Ipdn-°mw

Iemkuµcyw ]IrXnkuµcyØns‚ A\pIcWa√ F∂ hmIyw ˛ ss…Uv]Z¿in∏n°p∂p.

F¥psIm≠mhmw teJI≥ C]Imcw A`n]mbs∏´Xv?

teJ\Øn¬\n∂v sXfn-hp-Iƒ Is≠Øn IpńIƒ ]XnIcn°p∂p.

IpńIfpsS ]XnIcWßƒ. N¿®.

$ IemkrjvSn°p t]cIamb A\p`qXn ]IrXnbn¬\n∂v e`n®XmsW¶nepwAXn¬ \qX\amb Hcwiw Ie¿∂ncn°pw.


9


$ ]IrXnbnse timIabamb A\p`hhpw Iemcq]Øn¬ kuµcym -flIambncn°pw.

$ ]IrXn`mhßfpw kuµcyhpw £WnIamWv. F∂m¬ IemkuµcywNncÿmbnbmWv XpS-ßnb Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

kzm`n]mb°pdn∏v Xbm-dm°mw

]IrXnkuµcyØns‚ A\p`qXn HmtcmcpØ¿°pw kzIobamWv ˛ Cu ]kvXm-h-\-tbmSv kzm\p-`-h-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]Xn-I-cn-°p-I.

$ \nßƒ°v G‰hpw lrZy-ambn tXm∂nb ]Ir-Xn-Zr-iy-ßƒ GsX√mw?

$ F¥psIm≠mWv HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw kuµcyk¶¬∏w hyXykvXamIp∂Xv?

$ s]mXp-N¿®

˛ kuµ-cym-kzm-Z\w hy‡n-\n-jvT-amWv.

˛ ]IrXn A\p\nanjw amdns°m≠ncn°p∂p.

˛ ]IrXnbnse Hcp kpµc\nanjw ]n∂osSmcn°epw ZriyamIWsa∂n√.

˛ ]IrXnbn¬\n∂p kuµcyw Is≠ØpIsb∂Xv Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw kuµcyk¶¬∏ßfpambn Gsd _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p.

Xmsg X∂n-cn-°p∂ k‘ym-h¿W-\-IƒIqSn N¿®sNømw.

""]®n-e-®m¿Øn≥ ]gp-Xn-¶-eq-SXm Im◊q]›n-amw-_-c-Ønse∏\n-\o¿∏qt¥m-´-ßƒ''

˛ Nß-ºpg

""]d-∂p-t]mbv ]©-h¿W˛°nfn-°q-´-ßƒ t]meshIp∂n≥sNcp-hn-tem-W-∏q˛°pºn-tf-¥nb k‘y-Iƒ.''

-˛ kuµ-cy-]qP ˛ ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\m-b¿

k‘ym-k-a-bØp≈ BIm-i-sØ-°p-dn®v c≠p Ihn-I-fpsS ImgvN-I-fmWv X∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. as‰mcp ImgvN-°m-c\v Ch Ihn-Iƒ°v A\p-`-h-s∏-´-Xp-t]mse at\m-l-c-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. kpµcas√∂p tXm∂p∂ht]mepw Hcp t^mt´mKm^¿°vkpµcZriyambn ]I¿Øm\mhpw. ImWp-∂-hs‚ am\-kn-I-`m-h-ßƒ°v ImgvN kpµ-c-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ hf-sc-b-[nIw ]¶p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv ]Ir-Xn-ku-µ-cy-Øns‚ A\p-`qXn Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw kzIobamsW∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

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\nco-£Ww Ipdn-°pI

""a\pjy≥ ]IrXnbn¬\n∂v hn`n∂\mWv.''

$ teJI≥ C]Imcw A`n]mbs∏´Xv F¥psIm≠mhmw? N¿®sNømw.

N¿®-bn-eqsS cq]-s∏´ Bi-b-ßƒ tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

tImUoIcWw

a\pjy≥ ]IrXnbn¬\n∂p hn`n∂\msW∂ k¶¬∏w a\pjy≥ ]IrXnbpsS`mKamsW∂ hkvXpXsb \ncmIcn°p∂n√. F∂m¬ ]IrXnbnse CXc-Pohnh¿KØn¬\n∂p Xo¿Øpw hyXykvX\mWv a\pjy≥. k¿KmflIXbmWva\pjys\ CXc PohnIfn¬\n∂pw hyXykvX-\m°p∂Xv. kuµcyw krjvSn°m\pw]cnjvIcn°m\pw Ignbp∂ GIPohnbmWv a\pjy≥. ]IrXnXs∂ a\pjy\vhyXykvXamb AkvXnXzw \¬Inbncn°p∂p.

""a¿Øyt_m[ßƒs]‰a°f√o ]ptcmKa\ßƒ '' (IpSnsbmgn°¬˛sshtem∏n≈n)

]ptcmKXnbpsS ASnÿm\hpw a\pjys‚ k¿KmflINn¥bmsW∂v Ihnbpwkm£ys∏SpØp∂p.

N¿® ˛ tImUo-I-cWw

""]IrXn`mhßfpsS £WnIXsb At]£n®v IebpsS `mhw NncÿmbnbmWv''˛hy‡nKXambpw N¿®bneqsSbpw IpńIƒ Cu ]kvXmh\ hnebncpØs´.

]IrXn A\p\nanjw amdns°m≠ncn°p∂p. ]IrXnbpsS Hmtcm `mhhpw £WnI-amWv. \nc¥cw amdns°m≠ncn°pIsb∂Xv ]IrXnbpsS ASnÿm\kz`mhamWv.amXa√, ]e `mhßfnepw kuµcyw ImWm\pamIn√. tIheamb kuµcyw]IrXnbn¬ kpeà√. AXy]q¿hambn amXw Z¿in°m≥ Ignbp∂XmWv AXv.F∂m¬ AsXmcp NnXambn amdptºmƒ bYm¿Y ImgvNsb°mƒ angnhv ssIhcp∂pF∂XmWv IemkuµcyØns‚ anIhv. B NnXØn\mIs´, ]n∂oSv bmsXmcpam‰hpw kw`hn°p∂n√. ]IrXnbn¬ B Zriy\nanjw ]n∂osSmcn°epwD≠mIWsa∂n√. ]t£ NnXIebnseØp∂tXmsS B Zriyw ÿmbnbmbnamdp∂p. £WnIXsb Nncÿmbn-bm°pIbmWv Ie sNøp∂Xv. ]kvXm-h\ hne-bn-cpØn Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

ka-kvX-]-Z-ß-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠Ømw

$ ""]®n-e-®m¿Øn≥ ]gp-Xn-¶-eq-SXm Im◊q]›n-amw-_-c-Ønse∏\n-\o¿∏qt¥m-´-ßƒ''

$ Cu hcn-I-fnse ASn-h-c-bn´ ]Z-]tbm-K-ßƒ IhnXbv°v kuµcyw \¬Ip-∂Xv Fß-s\-sbm-s°-bmWv?


11


Cu hcnI-fnse kuµ-cym-hn-jvIm-c-Øn\v Ihn kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ cN-\m-X-¥-ßƒ Fs¥√mw? tImUo-I-c-Ww.

$ hmMvabNnXw

$ ]tbm-K-`wKn

$ k‘y-bpsS at\m-lm-cnX

]®n-e-bpsS Nm¿Øv, ]›n-a-Ønse Aw_-cw, ]\n-\o¿∏q°-fpsS tXm´w F∂n-ßs\]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw ka-kvX-]Zw ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂XpsIm≠p≈ KpW-ßƒFs¥√mw?

˛ N¿® ˛ tImUo-I-c-Ww

$ Xmf-`wKn

$ Bi-b-hy-‡-X, A¿Y-i‡n

$ HXp-°w, emfnXyw

$ hmMva-b-Nn-X-Øns‚ angnhv

$ D®m-cWkuIcyw

Ihn-Xm-`m-KØp\n∂v IqSp-X¬ kakvX]Z-ßƒ Is≠Øn Ah Imhy-k-µ¿`-Øn\v\¬Ip∂ `wKn hy‡-am-°p-I. (hy‡n-K-Xw)

4/5 t]¿ Kq∏n¬ ]¶p-hbv-°p-∂p.

kam-kn®p ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xns‚ KpW-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ DW-ßnb ac-Øns‚ Nn√-bn¬ Infn-Iƒ IqSp-Iq-´ptam?

DW-ßnb ac-®n-√-bn¬ Infn-Iƒ IqSp-Iq-´ptam?

$ Ipgn-bn¬ hoW B\-bpsS Ipń Ae-dn-°-c™p.

Ipgn-bn¬ hoW B\-°pń Ae-dn-°-c-™p.

$ IdpØ ]ip-hns‚ Ipńsb ImWm-Xm-bn.

IdpØ ]ip-°p-ńsb ImWm-Xm-bn.

XpS¿∂v ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. ASn-h-c-bn´ ]Z-ßƒ kam-kn®pw hnK-ln®pw]tbm-Kn-®-t∏mƒ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Y-Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw hyXym-k-ap-≠mtbm?

Ipń-Iƒ ]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂p.

hnK-ln®p]tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ A¿Y-k-µn-Kv[-X-bp-≠v; kam-kn-®p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒA¿Y-hy-‡-Xbpw.

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"" ]IrXn Ft∏mgpw amdnamdns°m≠ncn°p∂p. AXns‚ Hmtcm `mhhpw£WnIamWv. Cu `mhßfn¬ NneXp \Ωn¬ kuµcy]XoXn Dfhm°phm≥]cy]vXambncn°mw. F∂ncp-∂mepw AXn\p ÿncXbn√. t\scadn®v, Iebn¬caWob`mhØn\p ÿnc]XnjvT e`n°p∂p. B `mhØn\p am‰w kw`hn-°p∂n√.BkzmZI¿ h∂pw t]mbpwsIm≠ncn°p∂p. F∂m¬ Ie \n›eambn-Øs∂\nesIm≈p∂p (Cu A¿Y-ØnemWv Ie imizXamsW∂p ]dbp∂Xv).]IrXn`mhßfpsS £WnI-Xsb At]£n®v IebpsS `mhw NncÿmbnbmWv.''

˛ ]-Ir-Xn-ku-µ-cyhpw Iem-ku-µ-cyhpw

ASnhcbn´ ]Z-ß-fpsS ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

]kvXpX ]Z-ßƒ°v hmIy-k-µ¿ -ßfnse A¿Y-sa¥v? hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-°p∂p.

4/5 t]¿ Kq∏n¬ ]¶p-hbv-°p-∂p.

tN¿sØ-gp-Xn-b-Xp-sIm≠v hmIy-k-µ¿`-Øn-\p-≠mb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ/KpW-ßƒFs¥ms°?

N¿®, tImUo-I-cWw

]tbmK`wKn Is≠Ømw

teJ\sØ angnhp‰Xm°m≥ Fw.]n. t]mƒ D]-tbm-Kn® khntij]tbmKßƒIs≠Øp∂p. hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p.

$ J\nbn¬\n∂p Ipgns®Sp°p∂ temlwt]mse, ]IrXnkuµcywAkwKXamb a‰p ]eXnt\mSpw Ie¿∂p k¶o¿Wambn´mWv Bhn¿`hn°pI.

˛ J\nIfn¬\n∂p Ipgns®Sp°p∂Xv temlØns‚ Ie¿∏mWv.

˛ At\Iw hnt«jWßfneqsS amXta temlw X\Xpkz`m-hØnseØq.

˛ Ipgns®Sp°p∂ kz¿Ww AtXt]mse B`cWßƒ \n¿an°m≥D]tbmKn°mdn√.

˛ BkzmZ\Ønepw Hcp hnt«jW]Inb BhiyamWv.

˛ ]IrXnkuµcyw Ht´sd Ie¿∏pIƒ tN¿∂ AhÿbnemW.v

˛ Ie¿∏pIsf th¿Xncn°m\p≈ IgnhmWv BkzmZ\tijnsb\n¿W-bn°p∂Xv.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

So®¿ sSIvÃv

So®¿ sSIvÃv

So®¿ sSIvÃv

So®¿ sSIvÃv

13

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\ns

∂-tØ

-Sp-h

-tX

-sX

mc

p `mh\

!

• teJ-\w, \ncq-]-Ww, ]T-\w, D]-\ymkw F∂nhhmbn®v ]ta-b-]-chpwkuµ-cy-]-c-hp-ambAwi-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn™vHuNn-Xy-]q¿hw]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ hmMva-b-Nn-X-ßƒIs≠Øp-Ibpw ]tbm-K-`wKn Xncn-®-dn-bp-IbpwsNøp∂p.

$ ka-kvX-]-Z-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw `mjsbFßs\ i‡-am-°p∂pF∂v Xncn-®-dn™vDNnX kµ¿`-ß-fn¬]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

• a\p-jy≥ ]Ir-Xn-bn¬\n∂v hn`n-∂-\m-sW∂k¶-¬∏-amWv ]Ir-Xn- -I-em-ku-µcy hnth-N-\-Øn-\p≈ \nZm-\w.

$ Ie-bn¬ ca-Wo-b-`m-h-Øn\v ÿnc-]-XnjvTe`n-°p-∂p.

$ Ie-bpsS `mhwNnc-ÿm-bn-bmWv.

$ ]Ir-Xn-ku-µ-cym-\p- q-Xn-Iƒ kzIo-b-am-Wv.

$ KZy-`m-jbnse Be-¶m-cn-I-`wKn Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ ]q¿thm-Ø-c-]-Z-ßƒ kam-kn-°p-tºmƒ ka-kvX-]-Z-ßƒ°p-≠m-Ip∂ am‰wXncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

]h¿Ø-\-k-abw : 24 ]ncoUv

bqWn‰vhn-i-I-e\w

Bibw/[mcW

][m\]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬]T-\sØfn-hp-Iƒ

(hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ßƒ/]I-Sn-X-cq-]-ßƒ)

]T-\-t\-´-ßƒ ]mT-`m-K-ß ƒ

• Ip-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°¬

• kzm`n-]m-b-°p-dn∏vXbm-dm-°¬

• eLp-]-\ymkwXbm-dm-°¬

$ hmMva-b-NnXwXbm-dm-°p-∂p.

$ ]tbm-K-`wKnIs≠-Ø¬

$ ka-kvX-]-Z-ßƒhnK-ln-°¬

$ Bibw

$ Ah-X-c-W-an-Ihv

$ kz¥w \nco-£Ww

$ Bibw

$ hni-I-e-\-tijn

$ kz¥w \nco-£Ww

$ BapJw

$ D≈-S°w

$ Ah-X-c-W-coXn

$ `mj

$ `mjm-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ

• Ipdn∏v

• hni-I-e\°pdn∏v

$ eLq]-\ymkw

$ Ipdn∏v

$ eLp-Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ

]I

r-Xn-k

u-µ

-cyh

pw I

emk

uµ

-cyh

pw

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kz¥w Pohn-Xw -kz¥w mj-bnsegpXn ae-bm-f-I-Y-bpsS kp¬Øm-\m-

bn-Øo¿∂ ssh°w apl-Ω-Zv_-jo-dns‚ "Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏n'¬ \ns∂-SpØ

-I-Y-bmWv "AΩ'. tZi-kvt\lhpw amXr-kvt\-lhpw Xpey-i‡n-bn¬

\nd-™p-\n-¬°p∂ Cu IY Gsd ]i-kvX-am-Wv. _jo-dns‚

hnZym¿YnPohn-Xhpw kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Øns‚ hoc-Km-Y-Ifpw AΩ-sb-°p-

dn-®p≈ \nco-£-W-ßfpw Hm¿a-Ifpw F√m-a-S-ßp∂ "AΩ' _jo-dns‚

Bfl-I-Y-bm-bn-Øs∂ hmbn-°mw. AΩ-bpsS IØn¬ \n∂m-cw-`n®v

Hm¿Ωbn-eqsS AΩ-bn-te°pw Km‘n-Pn-bn-te°pw D∏p-k-Xy-K-l-k-a-

c-Im-esØ A\p-`-h-ß-fn-te°pw ]h-ln®v HSp-hn¬ AΩ-bpsS IØn-

te-°p-Xs∂ Xncn-s®-Øp∂ A\ym-Zr-i-amb IY\ssien-sIm≠v

_jo¿ \sΩ hnkva-bn-∏n-°p-∂p. amXm-hns‚bpw amXr-`q-an-bp-sSbpw

alØzw Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw kmaq-lnIhpw hy‡n-]-c-hp-amb IS-a-Iƒ

\n¿h-ln-°m-\p-ap≈ aqey-t_m[w Dd-∏n-°m≥ Cu IY klm-b-I-am-

hpw. _jo¿ssien-bpsS kØbpw X\n-abpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw A\p-

-h-ßƒ i‡-amb mj-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-∏-cn-io-en-∏n-°m\pw Cu ]mT-Øns‚

hn\n-abw klm-bn-°pw.

AΩ

a\p-jy-I-Ym-\p-Km-bn-Iƒa\p-jy-I-Ym-\p-Km-bn-Iƒa\p-jy-I-Ym-\p-Km-bn-Iƒa\p-jy-I-Ym-\p-Km-bn-Iƒa\p-jy-I-Ym-\p-Km-bn-Iƒ2


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]mTm-h-X-cWw

sk≥IY hmbn-®-t√m.

$ A[y-b-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Kpcp-hns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn-t\mSv \nßƒ tbmPn-°p-∂pt≠m?

$ A\p-`-h-amWv Kpcp F∂p ]d-bp∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw?

eLp-N¿®

sshhn-[y-]q¿W-amb A\p-`-h-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv \mtam-tcm-cp-Øcpw Hmtcm \nan-jhpwIS∂pt]mIp-∂-Xv. kz¥w A\p-`-h-ßfpw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS A\p`-h-ß-fp-sam-s°-bmhmwIe-bnepw kmln-Xy-Ønepw Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Hmtcm A\p-`-hhpw \ap°v]pXnb Pohn-X-]m-T-ßfpw Xncn-®-dnhpw \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS h≥I-c-Iƒkmln-Xy-Øn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn® Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\mWv _jo¿. Bflmwiw Ie¿∂ cN-\-I-fmWv At±l-Ønt‚Xv. AΩ F∂ IYbpw AØ-c-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-Wv.

IY-bn¬ IYm-Im-cs‚ GsX√mw A\p-`-h-ß-fmWv Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv?

IY hmbn®v Is≠-Øp-I.

$ _mey-Øn¬Øs∂ kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-Øw.

$ slUvam-Ã-dn¬\n∂p≈ in£

$ t]meo-kns‚ sImSnb a¿±\w

$ Km‘n-Pn-tbm-Sp≈ Xoh-amb kvt\lw

$ s]‰-Ω-tbmSpw amXr-cm-Py-tØm-Sp-ap≈ kvt\lw

$ kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Ønse ]¶m-fn-Øw.

Rm\mWv IY; Rms\-gp-Xp-∂Xp `mj-bpw. CsXm-cm-flm- n-am-\-am-Wv. Al-¥-bm-sW∂p \nßƒ°p ]d-bmw. ]t£, _jo-dns‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ X\n-t°‰ \J-∏m-Sp-I-fmWv kvt\lw. X\n-°p -In- nb Nhn´pw sXmgn-bp-amWv kzmX-¥y-k-a-cw. Xm\-e-™ -\m-Sp-I-fm-WvtemIw. Xs‚ A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS kmI-ey-amWv XØz-Nn-¥. _jo¿ Ncn-XsØ Xs∂-s°m-≠-f-°p-∂p. IrXn-Iƒ sIm≠-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. DW¿∂p Pohn-°p∂Hcp Iem-Im-cs‚ Bfl-I-Y-bmWv NcnXw ...

Fw. F≥. hnP-b≥Ah-Xm-cnI˛ _jo¿

kºq¿W-Ir-Xn-Iƒ

˛ Cu \nco-£Ww IYm-hm-b-\-bpsS tImUo-I-c-Wambn D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

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A\p-`-h-Øns‚ sImSp-ap-Sn-IƒA\p-`-h-Øns‚ sImSp-ap-Sn-IƒA\p-`-h-Øns‚ sImSp-ap-Sn-IƒA\p-`-h-Øns‚ sImSp-ap-Sn-IƒA\p-`-h-Øns‚ sImSp-ap-Sn-Iƒ

Ae-®n-ens‚ Ncn-X-amWv _jo-dns‚ Ie. Ae-™n-s√-¶n¬ _jo-dn-√. Fkv.-sI. s]ms‰-°mńs‚ bmX-Iƒ t]mse-b-√. AXn-s\ms° IrXy-amb Bkq-X-Whpw e£yhpw k÷o-I-c-W-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ _jo¿ Pohn-X-Øns‚ bmZr-—n-I-X-I-fn-eq-sS, hnkva-b-ß-fn-eqsS Fsß-∂n-√msX \S-∂p-t]m-bn. th´-\mb t]mse PohnXw At±-l-Øn\p ]n∂n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\mb-sc-t∏mse Ae-™p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°m≥ t]cn-∏n-°p∂ Ah-[q-XXzw_jo-dn-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

aebm-f-Øn¬ as‰mcp Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw km[n-°mØ hn[-Øn¬ _jo¿ Pohn-XsØ Dgp-Xp-a-dn-®p. Syqj≥ amÃ¿, ssIt\m-´-°m-c≥, IW-°-∏n-≈, acp-∂p-hn¬∏-\-°m-c≥, eqw^n-‰¿, an¬sØm-gn-em-fn, Jem-kn, tK‰v Io∏¿, kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-tk-\m-\n, £pc-I≥, bmN-I≥, ]mN-I-°m-c≥, ]X-hn¬∏-\-°m-c≥, ]Xm-[n-]¿, KpkvXn-°m-c≥, amPn-°vIm-cs‚ in¶n-Sn, kvt]m¿Svkv km[-\-ß-fpsS GP‚v,Smh-enMv GP‚v, k∂ym-kn, kq^n, Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥, tlm´¬ sXmgn-emfn F∂n-ßs\ Fs¥¥v sshhn-[y-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv _jo¿ IS∂pt]mbXv! Cu \m\mXzw_jo-dns‚ A\p-`-h-tem-I-sØbpw cN\mtemI-sØbpw kar-≤-am-°n.

a\p-jy-hm-k-an-√mØ acp- q-an-I-fnepw ae-I-fnepw Kpl-I-fnepw IS¬°-c-I-fnepw\nemhp \nd™ s]cp-h-gn-bnepw FØpw ]nSnbpw In´mØ A\p-`-h-ßƒ X\n-°p-≠m-bn-´p-s≠∂v _jo¿ Fgp-Xn.

Hcp Znhkw Xm≥ bmN-I-\mbn Pohn-®p-sh∂v _jo¿ Fgp-Xn. £pc-I-\mbnPohn® Ime-Øns‚ Hm¿a-Iƒ _jo¿ Hcp teJ-\-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®n- p-≠v. D∏pkXy-K-l-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØv IÆq¿ sk≥S¬ Pbn-en¬ Ign-bp∂ Ime-am-Wv. _jo¿Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Rm≥ A∂v Pbn-en¬ apgp-h≥ \S-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂p Rm≥hfsc Xnc-°p≈ Hcp _m¿_¿ Bbn-cp-∂p... IÆq¿ sk≥S¬ Pbn-en¬ h®vRm≥ ap≥sNm∂ alm-£p-c-Is‚ injy-\m-bn. At±lw F\n°v IXn-IbpwNo∏pw _jpw IØn-bpw I√p-sams° X∂p. Rm≥ ]pXnb sNc-∏n-bm-bn. Rm≥Hcp-]mSv al-Øp-°-fpsS Xe-Iƒ icn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. an°Xpw lnµp-°-fp-tS-Xm-Wv. Ah-cmWv F\n°v IqSp-X¬ t]m’m-l\w X∂-Xv.''

_jo-dns‚ cN-\-I-fnse A\p- -h-ßsf \mep-L- -ß-fmbn hn -Pn-°mw. Ipń-°m-e-Ønse-bpw cmjvSobIme-Øn-sebpw k©m-c-Im-e-Øn-sebpw IpSpw-_-Po-hnXIme-Øn-sebpw A\p-`-h-ßsf sht∆sd hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw. _mey-Im-e-k-Jn,]mØp-Ωm-bpsS BSv XpS-ßnb IrXn-I-fn¬ _jo-dns‚ Ipń-°me Hm¿a-Ifp≠v.

B\-∏q-S, A⁄m-X-amb mhn-bn-te°v XpS-ßnb IY-I-fnepw _mey-Imew D≠v.kzm-X¥yka-c-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xn-s‚bpw Pbn-en¬ InS-∂-Xn-s‚bpw \nc-h[nA\p- -h-ßƒ _jo¿IrXn-I-fn¬ hmbn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. "Fs‚ he-XpssI' F∂IY-bn¬ Pbn-en¬ Ign-bp∂ ImesØ s]m≈p∂ Hcp Hm¿a-bmWp≈-Xv. Km‘n-Pnsb sXm´ A\p-`hw "AΩ-'bn-ep-≠v. ssSK¿, t]meokpIm-cs‚ aIƒ, CSn-


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b≥ ]Wn-°¿ XpS-ßnb IY-Iƒ sIm√w Ik_ tÃj-\nse tem°-∏n¬ InS-s∂-gp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv. "aXn-ep-Iƒ' Pbn-ens‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ cNn-°-s∏´ t\mh-emWv.

Km‘nPn acn-®t∏mƒ tdUn-tbm-hn¬ s\lvdp-hns‚ ]kwKw tIƒ°m≥ Fd-Wm-Ip-f-tØ°v HmSn-t∏m-b-Xns‚ NcnXw "Fs‚ heXpssI' F∂ IY-bn-ep≠v."h’-cm-P-\n'¬ _jo¿'Fgp-Xn: ""]≠v bphm-hm-bn-cp∂ ImeØv Rm≥ ssh°wCw•ojv kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Fs‚ s]‰-Ω-bpsS ssIbn¬\n∂v Hcp •mkvsh≈w hmßn-°p-Sn-®n´v BtcmSpw H∂pw ]d-bmsX hoń¬ \n∂v Hfn-t®m-Sn. hnZq-c -amb tImgn -t°m´p h∂v D∏pkXy-K-l-Øn¬ ]¶psIm≠v, _nńjvKh¨sa‚ns‚ \n›nX\nbaw ewLn®v cmjvSobka-c-Øn¬ ]¶p-sIm≠vASnbpw CSnbpw hmßn Pbn¬in£ A\p-`-hn-®p.''

IÆq¿ Pbn-en¬ _jo¿ Ign-bp∂ Ime-ØmWv `KXvknßns\ Xq°n-s°m-√p-∂-Xv. Km‘n-Pn-bpsS kl-\-k-a-c-am¿K-Øn¬ hnizmkw \jvS-s∏´ _jo¿Pbn¬tamNn-X-\m-b-tijw Fd-Wm-Ip-f-sØ-Øn "hm\-c-tk\' F∂ t]cn¬òIckwLw cq]o-I-cn-®p. "D÷o-h\w' hmcnI \S-Øn. A°m-eØv AdÃv hmd≠vD≠m-b-t∏mƒ tIcfw hn´p. \o≠ ImesØ bmX-bpsS XpS-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. DØ-tc-¥y-bnse an° \K-c-ß-fnepw _jo¿ Xma-kn-®p. hnP-\-amb acp- q-an-I-fn-eqsSAe-™p. I∏¬tPmen-°m-c-\mbn B^n-°-bp-sS-bpw Atd-_y-bp-sSbpw Xoc-ß-fn-eqsS k©-cn-®p.

knbm¬tImń¬ kvt]m¿Svkv km[-\-ß-fpsS GP‚mbn ]h¿Øn-°p∂ Ime-ØmWv _jo¿ \mń-te°p Xncn®phcp∂Xv. ]ns∂ Fgp-Øn¬ kPo-h-am-bn.A\p- -h-Øns‚ \memwL´w "sk¬^n-®n-Iƒ' F∂ IpSpw-_-I-Y-bn¬\n∂p XpS-ßp-∂p. kz¿W-am-e, X¶-tam-Xncw XpS-ßnb IY-I-fnepw ]mØp-Ωm-bpsS BSv,am¥n-I-∏q® XpS-ßnb t\mh-ep-I-fnepw bmX-I-f-h-km-\n-∏n®v IpSpw_Pohn-X-Øn¬ _≤-\mb _jo-dm-Wp-≈-Xv.

_jo-dns\ A\p-I-cn-°m≥ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ B¿°p-am-bn-ń-√. ]t£, _jo¿ ]d-bp-∂Xp t\m°p-I: ""Rm≥ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p≈amXncn IY-Iƒ B¿°pw ]bmkwIqSmsX Fgp-Xm-hp-∂-Xm-W-t√m... AXn\v henb _p≤nbpw mh-\bpw AdnhpwH∂pw Bh-iy-an-√. NpΩm Fhn-sSsb-¶nepw IpØn-bn-cp∂v Fgp-Xn-bm¬ aXn.A\p-`-h-ßƒ ®ncn-∏n-Sn-tbm-f-ap-≠-t√m. AsX√mw Im®n-bm¬ aXn.''

AsX, A\p-`-h-ß-fmWv ][m-\w. _jo-dns‚ t]\ _jo-dns‚ A\p-`-h-ßƒXs∂. B A\p- -hm-Jym-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Fw.F≥. hnP-b≥ ]d-™-t]mse, A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS FX h≥I-c-I-fmWv s]mßn-h-∂Xv!

-˛ Aw_nImkpX≥ amßmSv

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1892 \hw-_¿ 2\v kzman hnth-Im-\-µ≥ Bfl-kp-lr-Ømb tJXn alm-cm-Pm-hn-s\-gp-Xnb IØn¬\n∂v Nne hcn-Iƒ:

""... Fs‚ Pohn-X-Ønse hfsc ][m-\-s∏´ Hcp Imcyw Xncp-a-\- ns\ Adn-bn-°m≥ th≠n-bmWv C∂v Rm\o IsØ-gp-Xp-∂-Xv. Aß-bpsS apºn¬ Fs‚a\ v Xpd-°p-∂-Xn¬ F\n°p eh-teiw e÷-bn-√. hen-sbmcp ]m]-t_m[wFs‚ a\- ns\ kZm \o‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu temIsØ tkhn-°m-\mbnRm≥ Fs‚ s]‰-Ωsb Ah-K-Wn-®p. F\n°v AΩsb Ipd-®p-Im-e-sa-¶nepwtkhn-°p-Ibpw ipiq-jn-°p-Ibpw thWw. AXmWv Fs‚ Ah-km-\sØ BK-lw. F\n°v Fs‚ AΩ-bpsS IqsS Xma-kn-°-Ww. Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ Xma-kn-°p-∂Xv Hcp sN‰-∏p-c-bn-em-Wv. sNdp-sX-¶nepw am\y-amb Hcp hoSv Ah¿°p-th≠n ]Wn-b-W-sa∂v Rm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂p. AXn-\mbn Rm≥ Aß-tbmSvAt]-£n-°-s´...''

hnth-Im-\µ kmln-Xy-k¿hkzw-˛-I-Øp-Iƒ

AΩ-sb-∏‰n Jeo¬ Pn-_m≥

a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ Np≠n¬ hnf-ßp∂G‰hpw at\m-l-c-amb ]Z-amWv AΩ.G‰hpw tNtXm-l-c-amb hnfn-bm-Is´, AtΩ F∂p-≈-Xpw.kvt\lhpw ]Xym-ibpw \nd™p\n¬°p∂ Hcp ]Z-am-WXv.ZpxJØn¬ km¥z-\-am-WΩ;ZpcnXØnse ]Xym-ibpw Zu¿_-ey-Øn¬ Icp-Øp-am-W-hƒ.

]Ir-Xn-bnse Hmtcm∂pwAΩ-bpsS `mj-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂p.kqcy≥ `qan-bpsS AΩ-bm-Wv.`qan-°Xv lrZbwsIm≠v t]mjWw \¬Ip-∂p.

`qan ac-ß-fp-sSbpw ]q°-fp-sSbpw AΩ-bmWv.`qan Ahsc krjvSn-°p∂p, ]cn-]m-en®p hf¿Øp-∂p.

AXn-\p-tijwkzX-¥-cm-°p∂p.ac-ßfpw ]q°-fp-am-I-s´, ê-ß-fp-sSbpw hnØp-I-fp-sSbpwIcp-Wm-a-bn-I-fmb AΩ-am-cm-Ip-∂p.AΩ ka-kvX- A-kvXn-Xz-ß-fp-sSbpw BZn-cq-]-amWv.kuµ-cyhpw kvt\lhpw \nd™ A\¥ssNX-\y-am-W-Ω.


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Fs‚ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ tI v HmSn-sbØn BZy-ambn Bt«-jn-®m-iz-kn-∏n-®Xv Bcm-Wv...! Hc-Zr-iy-i-‡n-bpsS A¥-t›m-Z-\-bm¬ Hcp Dev_-ambn DS-se-SpØ Fs∂K¿`-`m-c`cW t¢i-ßƒ hI-sh-°msX hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h∂v Cu hniz-cw-K-Øn-te-s°-Øn® amXr-Xz-Øns‚ apºn¬ Fs‚ kmjvSmw-K]-Wm-aw.

Fs‚ Bbp- n\pw tib- n\pw kzXzw ad∂v ipiq-jn®p hf¿Øn-b-X-h-cmWv.A—≥, AΩ, Im°, ]q® Cßs\ Hmtcm-∂n-s\bpw Nq≠n-°mń Cu hnkvXrX]]-©sØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-∂-X-h-cm-Wv. ipjvIß-fmb sshZnIInb-IƒsIm≠p hmSn-Ø-f¿s∂-Øp-tºmƒ kvt\lm¿Z-amb ]p©n-cn-XqIn Ipfp¿∏n-®-X-h-cm-Wv ˛AΩ!

hn.Sn. `´-Xn-cn-∏mSv ˛ I¿Ω-hn-]mIw (Bfl-I-Y)

]mT-hn-i-I-e\w

Bibw kwK-ln-°pI

hnth-Im-\-µs‚ IØv, Pn_ms‚ Ihn-X, hn.Sn.-bpsS Ipdn-∏v, F∂nh-bn-te-sX-¶nepwH∂v A[ym-]nI ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. hmb-\-bn-eqsS Bibw Is≠-Øp-∂p. DNn-X-amb tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn®v A[ym-]nI N¿® \bn-°p-∂p.

$ Bsc-°p-dn-®mWv ChnsS hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv?

$ Ihn-bpsS/aIs‚ F¥p- a-t\m-`m-h-am-Wn-hnsS sXfn-bp-∂-Xv?

$ kam-\-amb Nn¥-Iƒ _jo-dnepw Is≠-Øm-\m-hp-tam?

$ IY-bpsS Bcw-`hpw Ah-km-\hpw Fß-s\-bm-Wv?

$ IY-bpsS io¿jIw F¥mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv?

Ipń-I-fpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ A[ym-]nI tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

$ AΩ-sb-°p-dn-®mWv hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv.

$ AΩ-tbm-Sp≈ IS-∏m-Sv, amXr-Xz-Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬ hn\o-X-cm-hp∂p.

$ _jo¿ AΩsb AKm-[-ambn BZ-cn-°p-∂p.

$ AΩ-bpsS Fgp-Øn¬ XpSßn AΩ-bpsS Fgp-Øn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂ IY.

$ IYbn¬ AΩ-X-s∂-bm-Wv amXmhpw amXr-`q-anbpw. io¿j-Ihpw AΩ Xs∂.

XpS¿∂v _jo¿ Xs‚ AΩ-bn¬ Is≠-Ønb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Ipdn-°mw.

$ Zmln-®p-tam-ln-®p-≠mb k¥m-\sØ hf¿Øn- h-ep-Xm-°p-∂p.

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$ ImWm-\m-K-ln-°p-∂p. ASp-Øp-≠m-hm-\m-K-ln-°p-∂p.

$ hymI-c-Wtam hSnthm C√mØ Fgp-Øv, s]mXp-Im-cy-ß-fnse A⁄X.

$ `£-W-sam-cp°n Dd-ßmsX ImØn-cn-°p∂ cmXn-Iƒ.

$ `mc-X-Øn-se-ßp-ap≈ AΩ-am-cpsS s]mXp-a-\- v.

Ipń-I-fpsS Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´. IqSp-X¬ \nco-£-W-ßƒ tN¿Øp sa®-s∏-SpØs´. sa®-s∏-Sp-Ønb cN-\-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

IYm-hn-i-I-e\w Xbm-dm-°pI

A[ym-]nI IY-bnse Nne hmIy-ßƒ Ipń-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬s∏Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ ""AhnsS \ns‚ Bcm D≈Xv?'' At±lw \o≠p-\n-h¿∂v "]S-]tSm'∂v Hcm-sdÆw Fs‚ ssIsh-≈-bn¬. ""C\n- t]m-I-cpXv! a\- n-em-tbmSm?''

$ A∂p Rßƒ°v Blmcw Inń-bn-√. cmXn- `-b-¶-c-amb XWp-∏m-bn-cp-∂p.InS-°m≥ ]mb D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]nt‰-Zn-hkw Ime-sØ-gp-t∂-‰-t∏mƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw apJw \ocp-sIń hoßn-bn-cp-∂p. Rßƒ°p Xosc \S-°m≥høm-bn-cp-∂p.

$ ""\nß-fmtWm kXy-Kln?'' F∂n´v Km‘n-Pn-bpsS ]√p-t]mb IY ]d-™p-tIƒ∏n-®p.

$ Rm≥ H∂pw ]d-™n-√. Rm≥ BsI hnßn-s∏mń. temI-sa√mw Dd-ßn-°n-S-°p-I-bm-Wv. Fs‚ amXm-hp-amXw Dd-°-an-f-®n-cn-°p-∂p!

Cu kµ¿`-ß-fn¬\n∂p a\- n-em-hp-∂Xv Fs¥-√m-am-Wv?

˛ _jo-dns‚ A\p-`-h-ß-fm-Wn-h.

˛ imco-cn-I-amb ]oUm-\p-`-h-ßƒ kln-°p-∂p.

˛ AΩ-sb-°p-dn-t®m¿Øv am\-kn-I-ambn \odp-∂p.

˛ BZ¿i-ip≤n tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ \nan-j-ßƒ

˛ kXy-k-‘-amb BJym-\w, Ae-¶m-c-an-√mØ `mj, lrZ-b-Øn¬sXmSp∂ hm°p-Iƒ.

N¿®-bn-eqsS Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb Bi-b-ßƒ A[ym-]nI- tIm-Uo-I-cn-°p-∂p.XpS¿∂v "_mey-Im-e-k-Jn'sb∏‰n Fw.]n. t]mƒ \S-Ønb ]kn-≤-amb \nco-£Ww]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p.

""CXv Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂p No¥n-sb-SpØ Htc-SmWv; h°n¬ tNmc- s]m-Sn-™n-cn-°p∂p.''

Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂p No¥n-sb-Sp-ØXv ˛ Pohn-X-Ønse A\p-`-h-ßƒ


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h°n¬ tNmc-s]mSn™n-cn-°p∂p ˛ thZ\n∏n-°p∂ A\p-`-h-ßƒ

˛ ]®-bmb BJym\w

Cu hnti-j-W-ßƒ _jo-dns‚ "AΩ' F∂ IYbv°p tbmPn-°ptam?

˛ IY hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipdn∏p Xbm-dm-°p-I.

Xbm-dm-°nb Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ kzbw hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´. sa®-s∏-Sp-Ønb cN-\-Iƒ t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbmbn-te°v.

kvt\l-k-¶¬∏w Is≠ØpI

IYm-k-µ¿`w ¢mkn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

(""Fs∂ ]k-hn® ..... ]Xo-£n-°p-∂nt√'')

IYm-hm-b-\-bn¬\n∂p e`n® Bi-b-ßƒ h®v Ipń-Iƒ ]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.

kqN-\Iƒ:-˛

˛ AΩ-tbm-Sp≈ _‘w.

˛ kzmX-¥yk-a-c-Øns‚ XohX.

˛ _jo-dns‚ cmPy-kvt\lw.

˛ IpSpw__‘-ß-sf-°mƒ i‡-amb cmPy-kvt\lw.

˛ kzmX¥yka-c-tk-\m-\n-I-fpsS XymtKm-÷z-e-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ.

˛

˛

kqN-\I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ N¿®.

hoSv F∂ CØn-cn-h-´-Øn¬\n∂v \mSv F∂ hnim-e-X-bn-te°p a\ p hf-cp-tºm-gmWv ]nd∂ \mSns\ s]‰-Ω-sb-t∏mse ImWm-\m-hp-∂-Xv. hońse ]bm-k-ßƒ a°-fmWv ]cn-l-cn-t°-≠-Xv. \mSns‚ ZpcnXw Xo¿°m-\p≈ ISa AtX Af-hn¬ X\n-°p≠v F∂ Nn¥-bmWv _jo-dns‚ tZi-kvt\-lw.

$ AΩ-sb-t∏mse `mc-Xhpw Xs∂ ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p-s≠∂ _jo-dns‚ hm°p-I-fn¬ sXfn-bp∂ at\m-`mhw Ipdn-°p-I.

N¿®-bn-eqsS cq]-s∏´ Bi-b-ßƒ Ipdn-∏m-°-s´.

Ah-X-cWw/sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

Ipń-Iƒ hmbn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°s´.

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$ Km‘n-Pnsb hmbn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS Nn¥-I-fp-ambn tbmPn-°p-∂p.

$ Km‘n-Pn-sb kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Bthiw.

$ Km‘n-Pn-sb sXm´-dn-bp-∂p.

$ Bi-a-Øn¬ t]mIp-∂p, JZ¿ [cn-°p-∂p.

$ AΩ-tbmSv Km‘n-Pn-sb-∏‰n kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

$ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS Zfin-k-a-c-]-Jym-]\w tI´v Bth-i-apƒs°m-≈p-∂p.

$ hoSp-hn-ń-dßn D∏p-k-Xy-K-l-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ t]mIp∂p

$ \ncm-lm-c-k-a-cw, kXy-K-l-k-acw F∂o Km‘n-b≥ ka-c-]mXIƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂p.

$ lnwk Dt]-£n-°m≥ Xbm-dm-hp-∂p.

$ Km‘n-Pn-tbm-Sp≈ Bcm-[\ _jo-dns‚ Pohn-XsØ Fß-s\-sb√mw kzm[o-\n®p F∂v Cu N¿®-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v Xbmdm°p-I.

N¿®-bnse ]¶m-fn-Øhpw Ipdn∏pw \nc-¥-c-aq-ey-\n¿W-b-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

Km‘n-Pn-bpsS kzm[o\w _jo-dn¬

$ IYmkµ¿`w HcmhrØnIqSn hmbn°s´.

˛ tZiob kzmX¥ykacØn¬ Km‘nPnbpsS ÿm\w F¥mbncp∂p?

˛ C¥y≥ P\Xsb Hcp NcSn¬ tIm¿Øhsc∂t]mse \bn°m≥ Ign™-sX¥psIm≠v?

˛ Km‘nPnsb sXmSWw F∂p _jo¿ Xoh-ambn tamln®Xv F¥psIm≠mhmw?

˛ Km‘n-Pn-tbm-Sp≈ BZ-chv _jodns‚ PohnXmht_m[Øn¬ hcp-Ønb am‰-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

C¥y≥ tZiob]ÿm\Øns‚ Zo]vXamb ]XoIamWv Km‘nPn. C¥y≥ P\XsbBgØn¬ a\ nem°nb hy‡nXzw. Xs‚ thjwsIm≠pt]mepw C¥y°m¿°pwtemIØn\pw am¿KZ¿i\w \¬Inb almflmhv. At±lØns‚ Hmtcm ]hrØnbpwhm°pw P\ßsf kzmX¥ykacØns‚ Xo®qfbnte°p \bn®p. ssh°waplΩZv_jo¿ Km‘nPnsb sXmSp∂p F∂Xv kzmX¥yka-csØ sXmSp-∂Xpt]mse Xs∂. AXn-\p-ti-j-am-Wt√m kzmX¥ykacØn¬ ]s¶Sp°Ww F∂BKlw XohambXv. H∂p sXmń-s√-¶n¬ Rm≥ acn®p hoWp t]mIpw F∂p Nn¥n-®p-t]m-Ip∂ hn[-Øn¬ AKm-[hpw Xoh-hp-amWv Km‘n-Pn-tbm-Sp≈ _jo-dns‚ BZ-


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chpw kvt\lhpw. JZ¿hkvX[mcnbmbn, kXy-Klkac∏¥ense ÿnc-km∂n[yambn, slUvamÃdpsS a¿±\w G‰phmßn, C¥y kzX¥ambm¬ ]ńWnXocpw F∂p hnizkn®p, D∏pkXyKlØn¬ ]s¶Sp°m\mbn tImgnt°mt´°pXncn®p Pbnenepambn. _jodns‚ ]n¬°mePohnXØnepS\ofw Cu kzm[o\wZriyamWv.

"Km‘n-Pn-bpsS kzm[o\w _jo-dn¬' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ eLp- D]-\ymkwXbm-dm°-pI.

]tbm-K-k-hn-ti-jX Is≠-Øp-I

`mj-bpsS hmsam-gn-®-¥hpw \m´p-sam-gn-bpsS AIr-Xn-aemhWyhpw _jo¿°-Y-I-fpsS apJ-ap-Z-I-fm-Wv. IY-sb-gp-Xp-I-b-√, IY -]-d-bp-I-bm-W-t±-lw. AwK-hn-t£-]-ßƒ, mh-lm-hm-Zn-Iƒ, i_vZ-I-ao-I-c-W-ßƒ F∂n-ßs\ hN-\-`m-j-bpsS emhWyLS-I-ß-sf√mw At±-l-Øns‚ Fgp-Ønepw Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

Bi-b-ßsf kqN-I-i_vZw sIm≠p hnh-cn-°p∂ `mjm-X¥w t\m°mw. hmsam-gn-bn-emWv Ch IqSp-X-embn°mWp-∂-Xv.

"InWn-InWn' F∂ i_vZw tI´m¬ "ssk°nƒ' F∂ Bibw \ap-°p-≠m-Ipw.

ac-Øn¬ Ib-dn-b-h≥ Xmsg hogp-∂Xv ˛ "]nXpt°m'∂p hoWp.

ssIbnen-cp∂ ]mXw \ne-Øp-hoWp ˛ "]tSm'∂p hoWp.

shSn-s]m-´p∂ i_vZw ˛ tT, tT F∂p s]mń.

IY-I-fn-°m-c≥ AXn-thKw ]pcnIw Cf°n ˛ Du¿¿¿\v\v ]pcnIw Cf°n.

Hcp kw`m-jWkµ¿`w t\m°mw:

KmbXn IpSp-Ip-Sm∂v hnb¿Øp F∂t√ ]d-™-Xv...?

AtX..!

Ah-fpsS Xe-apSn ]d-]-dm∂v ]d-°p-I-bp-am-Wv.

AXp Rm≥ HmSn-bn-´m...

C\n Ct∏m Chn-sS-°n-S∂v Iem-]n-em∂v _lfw hbv°pw. At√...?

Ah-fpsS apJw XpSpXpSm∂v Npa-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

(Ah-ew_w: `mjm-tIfn : Sn.sI. ANyp-X≥)

IpSp-Ip-Sm, ]d-]-dm, Ie-]n-em, XpSp-XpSm apX-emb i_vZ-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v kµ¿`m-\p-k-cWw Bi-b-ßsf angn-thmsS hnh-cn-°m≥ hmsamgn`mj-bn¬ kuI-cy-ß-fp-≠v. FgpØp`mjbnepw Cu km[yX _jo¿ ]co-£n-°p-∂p.

$ akn-en\p _e-an-√, ]nfp-]n-fp∏v.

$ ]S-]-tSm∂v Hcm-sdÆw Fs‚ ssIsh-≈-bn¬.

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CØcw ]tbm-K-ßƒ BJym\ssiensb BI¿j-I-am-°p∂sXß-s\....?

˛ hmb-\-°m-cn¬ A\p-`-h-th-ZyX h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]hr-Øn-tbmSp kmayw-]p-e¿Øp∂ Nne -i-_vZ-ßƒ mj-bn¬ ]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. CXp hmb-\-°m-cn¬ IuXpIhpw Bkzm-Zy-Xbpw h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂p.

skan\m¿

skan\m¿ anI® Hcp mjm]T\]h¿Ø\amWt√m. Bhiyamb aps∂mcp°ßfpwBkqXWhpw skan\mdn\v IqSntb Xocp.

$ ap≥IqńØs∂ skan\m¿ hnjbhpw XobXnbpw \n›bn°Ww.

$ hnjbsØ D]hnjbßfmbn Xncn°Ww (¢mkv N¿®bneqsS).

hnjbw : _jo¿IrXnIfpsS khntijXIƒ

D]hnjbßƒ

Bflmwiap≈ cN\Iƒ

BJym\ssien

IYm]mXkrjvSnbnse sshhn[yw

X\Xmb `mjmcoXn˛F∂nßs\bmImw.

$ Cu hnjbßfpsS t]cn¬ Kq∏pIfmhpIbpw hnhctiJcWw \SØn]_‘ßƒ Xbmdm°pIbpw sNøs´.

$ Hcp kwLmSIkanXn cq]oIcWw. (skan\mdn\v Bhiyamb ]NmcWw\SØpI, AXnYnIsf £Wn°pI, tamUtd‰sd \n›bn°pI, kzmKXwBiwkn°pI -XpSßnbhsbms° kwLmSIkanXnbpsS NpaXe-bmbncn°pw. t]mÃ¿, t\mókv, £W°Øv F∂nhsbms° D¬∏∂ß-fmbn D≠mIpat√m.

$ \n¿hlWL´Øn\p ap≥]p Xs∂ ]_‘mhXcWØns‚ X’ab-Ipdn∏pIƒ FSp°Ww F∂ \n¿tZiw F√mh¿°pw \¬Inbncn°Ww(Bibw Npcp°nsbgpXpI).

$ \n¿hlWL´Øn¬ Xbmdm°nb ]_‘ßƒ AhXcn∏n°pIbpwkZ nep≈h¿°v XßfpsS kwibßfpw \n¿tZißfpw D∂bn°m≥Ahkcw \¬IpIbpw thWw.

$ ]_‘ßfpsSsb√mw AhXcWw Ign™m¬ tamUtd‰¿ tImUo-I-cn®vkwkmcn°p∂p.


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$ skan\m¿ NSßv Ahkm\n∏n®Xn\ptijw kZ nep≈h¿ (¢mknseIpńIƒ) XßfpsS X’ab°pdn∏pIƒ D]tbmKs∏SpØn ]_‘ßƒXbmdm°s´. (Bibhn]pe\w)

$ Cßs\ Xbmdm°nb ]_‘ßƒ hy‡nKX]Xn∏pIfm°n ]Z¿in-∏n°mat√m.

Fs¥ms° `mjm]h¿Ø\ßfmWv skan\mdns‚ `mKambn \SØpI?

$ N¿®

$ ]_‘cN\

$ t\mókv, t]mÃ¿, £W°Øv

$ kzmKX]kwKw

$ X’ab°pdn∏v

$ ]_‘mhXcWw

$ Bibhn]pe\w

s]mcpƒ Is≠Ømw

""a\ ns\bpw icocsØbpw ho¿∏papń°p∂ D∂X]mImcßtfmSp IqSnb Hcp`b¶c ImcmKmcamWv C¥y. Km‘nPn ]d™XmWv'' ˛ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

˛ Cu hmIy-Øns‚ Bi-b-sa¥v?

˛ C¥ysb `b-¶c Imcm-Km-c-tØmSv D]-an-®-sX-¥p-sIm-≠mhpw?

˛ a\- n-s\bpw ico-c-sØbpw ho¿∏p-ap-ń-°p∂p F∂ ]tbm-K-Øn¬\n∂v [z\n-°p-∂-sX¥v?

N¿®-˛-tIm-Uo-I-cWw

kzmX-¥yhpw ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw \jvS-s∏´ cmPyw A£-cm¿Y-Øn¬ Hcp henb XS-hd Xs∂-bm-Wv. kzmX-¥y-t_m-[hpw Bflm-`n-am-\-hp-ap≈ a\p-jy¿°v ]mc-X¥ywAk-ly-am-Wv. sshtZ-in-Im-[n-]Xyw imco-cn-I-ambpw am\-kn-I-ambpw izmkwapń-°p-∂-Xmbn kzmX-¥y-k-actk\m-\n-Iƒ°v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-a-t√m. cmPyw Xs∂ XS-h-d-bmbnØocp∂ Ah-ÿ-bmWv Km‘n-Pn-bpsS Cu hmIy-Øn¬ sXfn-bp-∂-Xv.

izmkw ap´p-tºmƒ ]mW-\p-th≠n IpX-dp-a-t√m Bcpw. kzmX¥yw ]mW-hmbp-t]m-se-bm-sW∂v kqN-\bpw Chn-sS-bp-≠v.

XpS¿∂v,

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"kzmX¥yw Xs∂-b-arXwkzmX¥yw Xs∂ PohnXw]mc-X¥yw am\n-Iƒ°parXn-sb-°mƒ `bm-\Iw ''

˛ Ipam-c-\m-im≥

ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

N¿®

Km‘n-Pn-bpsSbpw Ipam-c-\m-im-s‚bpw \nco-£-W-ßƒ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn∏vXbm-dm-°p-I.

kmaqlnIkpc-£-bv°mbn ssItIm¿°mw

_jo-dns‚ hnZym¿YnPohn-X-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥ms°? B PohnXw \ap°p\¬Ip∂ Xncn-®-dn-hp-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

N¿®-˛-tIm-Uo-I-cWw

$ kmaq-lnI]Xn-_-≤-X-bp≈ hnZym¿Yn

$ \nkzm¿Y-amb cmPy-kvt\lw

$ amXm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ AKm-[-amb kvt\lw

$ ASn-a-Ø-tØm-Sp≈ ]Xn-tj[w

$ kz¥w \ne-]m-Sn¬ Dd®p\n¬°¬

$ Km‘n-Pn-tbm-Sp≈ BZ-chpw Bcm-[-\bpw

$ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS BZ¿i-ßƒ Pohn-X-Øn¬ \S-∏n-em-°m-\p≈ shº¬.

$ kzPo-h≥ _en-I-gn®pw kzmX-¥y-Øn-\mbn t]mcm-Sm-\p≈ Bthiw.

ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ P\-X-bpsS kzmX-¥y-Øn-\p-th≠n t]mcm-Snb hnZym¿Yn-bm-Wv_jo¿. AΩ F∂ IY \ap°p \¬Ip∂ Xncn-®-dn-hp-I-fn¬ H∂m-Wn-Xvv. kmaq-lnI]Xn-_-≤-X-bp≈ hnZym¿Ynkaq-l-amWv Hcp \mSns‚ Icp-Øv.

hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v kmaq-ln-I-amb \nc-h[n DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-fp-s≠∂v Cu IY \sΩHm¿an-∏n-°p-∂p.

Xangv\mńse hnZym¿Yn-\n, ]f-b-Zp-cn-X-Øn¬s∏´-h¿°v Xs‚ apgp-h≥ kºm-Zyhpw\¬In-b-Xp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hoUntbm ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

Cu Zriy-ßƒ \nß-fpsS a\- n-ep-W¿Ønb Nn¥-I-sf-s¥√mw?



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C°-gn™ ]f-b-Im-eØv Zpc-¥-Øn¬s∏´-hsc klm-bn-°m-\mbn GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ CS-s]-S¬ \S-Øm≥ \nßƒ°pw Iq´p-Im¿°pw Ign-™n-cpt∂m?


CXp-t]m-ep≈ ]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-¥-ßƒ kw -hn-°p-tºmƒ c£m-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-tºmƒ i≤n-t°≠/]men-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

Zpc¥\nhm-cW hnZ-Kv[\mb apc-fn- Xp-Ωm-cp-Ip-Sn-bpsS "Zpc-¥-Im-esØ k∂-≤-]-h¿Ø\w', "\ΩpsS bphP-\-ßƒ' \ΩpsS A`n-am\w amX-a-√, mhnIqSn-bmWv' F∂oteJ-\-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm∂p Hmtcm Kq∏n\pw \¬Ip-∂p.

kz¥w kpc-£bpw kmaq-lnIkpc-£bpw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v Fs¥√mw sNøm≥Ignbpw?

Kq∏n¬ N¿®-˛-tIm-Uo-I-cWw

Ah-X-c-Ww

\ΩpsS bphP\ßƒ \ΩpsS A`nam\w amXa√, `mhn IqSnbmWv

ssN\bn¬ Hcp IpSpw_Øn¬ Hcp Ipń amXw F∂ k¿°m¿ \nbaw h∂Xn\v

tijw AhnsS D≠mb Xeapdsb "sIm®pNIh¿Ønam¿' (little emperors) F∂mWv

hnfn®ncp∂Xv. H‰ Ipń Bbncp∂Xn\m¬ A—\pw AΩbpw Km≥Uv t]c‚ vkpw

emfn®p hjfm°p∂p, kaqlØn¬ Xm¬∏cyan√, Bcpambpw H∂pw sjb¿ sNbvXp

]Tn®nń√, Iºyq´¿ sKbnw Ifn®p\S°pIbmWv... Fs∂ms°bmbncp∂p B Xeapd

t\cnńcp∂ Btcm]Wßƒ.

c≠mbncØn Gńse `qanIpep°w B Nn¥Iƒ am‰nadn®p. ssN\ kao]Ime-

sØm∂pw ImWmØ XcØn¬ `qan Ipepßn, Hcpe£tØmfw t]¿ acn°pIbpw

]Øpe£tØmfw t]¿ `h\clnXcmhpIbpw sNbvXt∏mƒ ]gb Xeapd

kvXœcmbnt∏mbn. B L´Øn¬ c£m]h¿Ø\Øn\pw ZpcnXm-izmkØn\pw

ap∂nńdßnbXv kzm¿YcmsW∂v kaqlw hnebncpØpIbpw FgpXnØ≈pIbpw

sNbvX sIm®pXºpcm°∑mcpw Xºpcmńamcpambncp∂p. CXv Rm≥ ap≥s]mcn°¬

FgpXnbn´p≠v.

tIcfw Cu \q‰m≠n¬ I≠ G‰hpw henb sh≈s∏m°w t\cnSp∂Xn¬ \ΩpsS

]pXnb Xeapd ImWn® Xm¬∏cyw, CSs]S¬, at\mss[cyw... CsX√mw

temtImØcamWv. Rm≥ Ft∏mgpw ]dbp∂Xpt]mse, temIsØ sXmÆqdp

iXam\w c£m]h¿Ø\hpw \SØp∂Xv HutZymKnIkwhn[m\ßtfm tk\tbm

sFIycm„k`tbm A√, \ΩpsS Np‰pw D≈hcmWv. AXp Xs∂bmWv tIcfØnepw

kw`hn®Xv. ap≥]v I≠nt´m tIńt´m C√mØ Hcp alm]fbw ap∂nseØnbn´pw

\ΩpsS IpńIƒ t]Sn®n√ F∂p amXa√, BÏpńIfpw s]ÏpńIfpw, Zpc¥w

_m[n® ]tZiØv D≈hcpw Zpc¥w tI´dn™hcpw ]Iepw cmXnbpw ZpcnX

_m[nX¿°mbn ap∂nńdßn.

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Np‰pap≈h¿ BfpIsf c£n°m≥ Cdßnbt∏mƒ Atacn°, knwK∏q¿, Kƒ^v,

bqtdm∏v XpSßnb CSßfn¬ Dd°w If™pw \ΩpsS ]pXnb Xeapd

c£m]h¿Ø\Øn\p≈ sh_vssk‰v D≠m°p∂Xnepw Bhiyamb ]Ww

kwLSn∏n°p∂Xnepw CSs]´p. Xncph\¥]pcw apX¬ tImgnt°mSv hscbp≈

\Kcßfn¬ cmXnIfnepw Zpc¥Øn¬ AIs∏´h¿°v `£Whpw hkvXhpw

kw`cn°m\p≈ CSßfn¬, km[mcWKXnbn¬ sshIn´v Ggp Ign™m¬

]pdØndßmØ \ΩpsS s]ÏpńIƒ Dd°an√msX ]h¿Øn°pIbmbncp∂p.

henb Zpc¥ßƒ hcptºmƒ k¿°m¿kwhn[m\ßƒ hsc ]I®p\n¬°p∂

kabØv Bcpw hnfn°msX, kaNnØXtbmsS \ΩpsS IpńIƒ ap∂nńdßn

F∂Xpw PmXnbpw aXhpw ]m¿ńbpw H∂pw Ahsc hn`Pn®n√ F∂Xpw \ΩpsS

kaqlØns‚ `mhnbn¬ henb ]Xymi Xcp∂ H∂mWv.

Zpc¥ImeØv D≠mb Cu Adnhpw DW¿hpw c≠mgvN Ignbp∂tXmsS \„s∏ScpXv.

_lpam\s∏´ apJya¥n ]d™Xpt]mse, ]gb tIcfw A√ \Ωƒ

]p\¿\n¿Ωnt°≠Xv. \mfsØ tIcfw \ΩpsS bphm°fptSXmWv. At∏mƒ

AsX¥mbncn°Ww F∂p Xocpam\nt°≠Xv Xncph\¥]pcØncn°p∂ Fs‚

Xeapdbnse apXn¿∂ cm„ob°mcpw Fs‚ Xeapdbnse _yqtdmIm‰pIfpw

amXa√. temIsØºmSpap≈ \ΩpsS ]pXnb XeapdbpsS Adnhpw Nn¥Ifpw

Dƒs∏SpØm\p≈ Hcp kwhn[m\w \ap°v thWw. ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWØn¬ \ΩpsS

]pXnb Xeapdbv°v Hcp ÿm\w I≠n´v thWw ]≤XnIƒ cq]oIcn°m≥.

CXnepw henb as‰mcp ImcywIqSnbp≠v. _µpw l¿Ømepw \SØm≥

tdmUnendßnbns√¶nepw \ΩpsS kaqlØn¬ ]pXnb Xeapdbv°pw th≠X

Xm¬∏cyaps≠∂v a\ nemb ÿnXn°v, \ΩpsS cm„obØnepw \bcq]oIcW-

Ønepw A[nImcÿm\ßfnepw bphm°ƒ°pw bphXnIƒ°pw A¿lamb ÿm\w

Xo¿®bmbpw \¬IWw. Cs√¶n¬ IpńIƒ AXv tNmZn®p hmßWw. AXmbn-

cn°Ww Cu Zpc¥Øns‚ apJy _m°n]Xw.

˛ apcfn XpΩmcpIpSn


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Zpc¥ImesØ k∂≤]h¿Ø\w

Cu \q‰m≠n¬ kam\XIƒ C√mØ Hcp ag°meamWv Ct∏mƒ tIcfØn¬kw`hn® \m¬∏Øn\mev \ZnIfpw IcIhns™mgpIp∂p, ap∏Ønaq∂vAWs°´pIƒ Xpd∂phntS≠nhcp∂p, ]¥≠v Pn√Ifnepw sdUvAe¿´v,Bbnc°W°n\v BfpIƒ ZpcnXmizmk Iymw]pIfn¬.

tIcfØn\v ]cnNban√mØXmsW¶nepw temIØv kam\XIƒ C√mØtXm h≥Zpc¥tam A√ Ct∏mƒ tIcfØn¬ \S°p∂Xv. AXpsIm≠v AImcWamb òXnth≠. th≠Xv HsØmcpan®p≈ ]h¿Ø\amWv. C°mcyØn¬ tIcfsØ t]msekm[yXIfp≈ Hcp \mSv Rm≥ I≠nń√. \ΩpsS kaqlw AXta¬ kwLSnXamWv.cm„obambn, aX]cambn, IpSpw_iobmbn, sse_dnbmbn, hm vkvB∏v Kq∏v Bbn,¢∫pIfmbn, sdknU≥kv Atkmkntbj\mbn tIcfØnse F√mhcpw NpcpßnbXvHcp kwLØnse¶nepw AwKamWv. Ch¿s°mcpØ¿°pw Zpc¥ \nhmcWØn\vHcpan®p hcm≥ Hcp _p≤nap´pan√. t]mcmØXn\v, F¥p kmºØnIklmbhpw\¬Im≥ Xbmdmbn adp\mS≥ aebmfnIƒ hnfn∏pdØp≠v. tIcfØnseP\]Xn\n[nIƒ P\ßƒ°v hfsc Ffp∏Øn¬ ]m]ycmWv. CXpsIms≠ms°Xs∂ temIØn\v amXrIbmb Hcp Zpc¥\nhmcWkwhn[m\w ASpØ Ccp]Øn\mepaWn°qdn\Iw D≠m°m≥ \ap°v Hcp _p≤nap´pan√. Ct∏mƒØs∂ \nßfn¬]ecpw \mń¬ CØcw k∂≤kwLßfn¬ AwKambncn°pw, As√¶n¬ πm≥sNøp∂p≠mbncn°pw. Ah¿°v th≠nbmWv Cu Ipdn∏v.

1. tIcfw A`qX]q¿hamb Hcp ag°mesØ t\cnSp∂Xn\m¬ Cu kabØv kzbc£, IpSpw_Øns‚ c£, kaqlØns‚ c£ F∂n-hbn¬ \nßƒ°v F¥vsNøm≥ ]‰psa∂v Nn¥n°pI. \nßƒ Bcmbmepw, FhnsS BbmepwFs¥¶nepw Hs° \nßƒ°v sNøm≥ ]‰pw.

2. \nßfpsS hoSns‚ As√¶n¬ ^vfm‰ns‚ ASpØp≈ ]tZiØvc£m]h¿Ø\Øn¬ G¿s∏Sp∂XmWv G‰hpw icn. ImcWw, AXmWv\nßƒ°v G‰hpw Adnbmhp∂ ÿew. Zpc¥\nhmcWcwKØv ]tXyI]cnNban√mØh¿ Bflm¿YX amXw ssIapXem°n Sn.hn. \yqkv I≠vZqctZitØ°v HmScpXv. tIcfØn¬ F√mbnSØpw BfpIfp≠v, Ah¿°vssIImcyw sNøm≥ ]‰msX hcptºmƒ HutZymKnIkwhn[m\ßfp≠v, AXpwIgn™n´v aXn a‰p≈ ÿeØp\n∂p≈ BfpIfpsS hchv. hntZiØpw a‰p-kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-epap≈ aebmfnIƒ H∂pw \nßfpsS hoń¬ Fs¥¶nepw]tXyI ]iv\ßƒ Cs√¶n¬ Zpc¥\nhmcWØn\v \mńte°v HmSnsbtØ≠Hcp Imcyhpan√.

3. Hmtcm sdknU≥kv Atkmkntbj\pw ASnb¥ctbmKw tN¿∂v Hcp Zpc¥\nhmcW IΩn‰n D≠m°Ww. AXn\v NpcpßnbXv Xmsg ]dbp∂D]hn`mKßƒ thWw.

(F) IΩyqWnt°j\pw ap∂dnbn∏pw \¬Im≥

(_n) c£m]h¿Ø\w

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(kn) tcmKnIƒ, hr≤¿, n∂tijn°m¿, adp\m´pIm¿ F∂nhsc ]tXyIwi≤n°m≥

(Un) `£WImcyßƒ i≤n°m≥

(C) IpSnsh≈hpw I°qkv Imcyßfpw i≤n°m≥

(^v) kmºØnIImcyßƒ i≤n°m≥

(Pn) kpc£mImcyßƒ i≤n°m≥

(F®v) BtcmKyImcyßƒ i≤n°m≥

(sF) kvXoIfpsS ]tXyI ]iv\ßƒ i≤n°m≥

(sP) \ΩpsS sdknU≥kv Atkmkntbj\v ]pdØp≈hcpambnImcyßƒ kwtbmPn∏n°m\p≈ kwLw.

\nßfpsS Atkmkntbjs‚ hep∏hpw ]iv\ßfpsS hep∏hpw A\pkcn®v HmtcmkwLØnepw c≠mtfm AXn¬ IqSpXtem BImw. kwLØn\v Hcp Xeh≥ thWw.samØw ]ÿm\Øns‚ Xe∏Øv sdknU≥kvv Atkmkn-tbjs‚ Xe∏ØvD≈h¿ Xs∂ BImw. ]t£, Ah¿ t]Sn®ncn -°pIbmsW¶n¬/ap≥ssIsbSp°p∂ns√¶n¬ thsd Bsf \nban°mw. IΩn‰n AwKßfpsS hm vkvB∏v Kq∏pwsamØw sdknU≥kvv Atkmkn-tbjs‚ thsdmcp Kq∏pw D≠m°Ww.

4. Atkmkntbj\nse kvXoIƒ°pw IpńIƒ°pw Dƒ∏sS Fs¥¶nepw tdmƒ\¬IWw. HmtcmcpØ¿°pw Adnbmhp∂ kvIn¬ A\pkcn®p≈ tdmfmWvsImSpt°≠Xv. ^vfm‰nep≈ tUmŒ¿ tdmUn¬ Cdßn\n∂v Imd vX≈ns°mSp°p∂Xpw ]mNIØn¬ ]cnNbap≈h¿ tcmKnsb ]cnNcn°m≥t]mIp∂Xpw \√ c£m]h¿Ø\a√.

5. Zpc¥ImeØv G‰hpw ][m\w kpXmcyamb IΩyqWnt°j\mWv. agaqeap≈]iv\sØ∏‰n, AXv \nßsf Fßs\ _m[n°mw F∂Xns\-∏‰nsbms°Xpd∂v N¿® \SØWw. In´p∂ hnhcßƒ F√mhcpambn ]¶phbv°Ww,Aßs\ ]¶phbv°p∂ps≠∂v F√mh¿°pw tXm∂Ww. Hmtcm ZnhkhpwsshIn´v BdpaWn°v ap≥]d™ kwLØeh∑mcpsS ao‰nMv IqSWw,s]mXphmbn ]¶phbvt°≠ hnhcßƒ Xocpam\n°Ww, Ah DS≥ Xs∂sdknU≥kv Atkmkntbj≥ hm´vkvB∏v Kq∏n¬ A]vtU‰v sNøWw.

6. Atkmkntbj≥ AwKßfn¬ BtcmKywsImt≠m kmºØnIÿnXnsImt≠m _p≤nap´p≈hcpt≠m F∂v ]ckv]cw kwkm-cn®v AdnbWw.agImcWw Gsd Znhkambn sXmgnen\p t]mImØhtcm AkpJw Ds≠¶nepwtUmŒsd ImWm≥ t]mImØhtcm A`nam\w ImcWw AhcpsS ]iv\ßƒ]¶ph®ns√∂p hcpw. \nßfpsS Ab¬°mcpsS BtcmKyØnepwASp°fbnepw \nßfpsS IÆv ]tXyIw thWw. kvXoIfpsS Iq´mbvaIƒ°vC°mcyØn¬ th≠Xv sNøm≥ ]‰pw.


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7. \nßfpsS Atkmkntbj\n¬ hntZiØp≈h¿ an°hmdpw ImWpw. Ahscbpw\nßfpsS hm´vkvB∏v Kq∏n¬ Dƒs∏SpØWw. AhcpsS _‘p°ƒ\mńeps≠¶n¬ AhcpsS Imcyßƒ ]tXyIw i≤n°p∂ps≠∂v Dd∏phcpØWw.

8. Zpc¥\nhmcWØn\p≈ kmºØnI sNehpIƒ Ignhpt]mse ]¶ns´Sp°pI,hntZiØv D≈htcmSv C°mcyw ]d™m¬ Ah¿ Xo¿®bmbpw klmbn°pw.\ap°v Adnbmhp∂h¿°pw ]Ww icnbmbn hn\ntbmKn°psa∂vDd∏p≈h¿°pw ]Ww sImSp°m\mWv F√mh¿°pw Xmev]cyw. AXpsIm≠vXs∂ sdknU≥kv Atkmkntbj\pIƒ°v ]Ww Hcp _p≤nap´mhn√. \nßƒCt∏mƒ hntZiØmWv, tIcfØn¬ Zpc¥\nhmcWØn\v Ipd®p ]WwsImSp°Ww F∂v ]≤Xnbps≠¶n¬ BZywXs∂ \nßfpsS sdknU≥kvAtkmkntbj\n¬ hnfn®p tNmZn°pI.

9. Zpc¥\nhmcWkwLØn¬ D≈hcpsS kpc£ G‰hpw ][m\amWv. HcpImcWhimepw Ccp]Øn\mev aWn°qsdm∂pw ]WnsbSp°cpXv ,]cnNban√mØ ]Wn°v t]mbn a‰p≈h¿°v ]Wnbp≠m°cpXv.

10. kvXoIfpw IpńIfpw dn´b¿ sNbvXhcpw C°mcyØn¬ ap∂nńdßWw. Zpc¥\nhmcWw bphm°fpsS amXw tPmenb√.

11. \nßfpsS hoSns‚ ASpØp≈ ÿeßfn¬ IqSpX¬ ZpcnX_m[nXtcm,IqSpX¬ _p≤nap´p≈htcm adp\m´pImtcm Ds≠¶n¬ Ahscbpw \nßfpsSIgnhpw kwhn[m\ßfpw D]tbmKn®v klmbn°Ww.

12. F√m kabØpw ÿew ]©mbØv saw_¿, Fw.F¬.F. F∂nhcpambnkº¿°Øn¬ G¿s∏SpI. \nßƒ°v klmbw thWsa¶n¬ ]dbpI.Fs¥¶nepw klmbw Ah¿°v \nßsfs°m≠v sNøm≥ ]‰psa¶n¬A°mcyhpw ]dbpI.

agbpw sh≈s∏m°hpw H∂pw \ap°v XSbm≥ ]‰n√. ]t£, tIcfØn¬ Hcp Zpc¥wD≠mbt∏mƒ AXv amXrIm]cambn´mWv \mw t\cn´sX∂p≈ Bizmksa¶nepw\ap°v D≠mbncn°Ww. sdknU≥kv Atkmkntbj\mWv Zpc¥\nhmcWØn\vG‰hpw \√ bqWn‰v F∂p ]d™psh¶nepw a‰p≈ GXp kwLS\bpsS Iognepw\nßƒ°v Zpc¥\nhmcWkwLßƒ D≠m°mw, ]m¿ńbmsW¶nepw aXamsW¶nepw.]t£, Bizmkw \¬Ip∂ ImcyØn¬ ]m¿ńbpw aXhpw hnjbam°cpXv.

ap≥]v ]d™sXms° sh≈w Ibdn hcp∂ kabØpw sh≈s∏m°w \n¬°p∂kabØpap≈ ImcyßfmWv. sh≈w Cdßn°gnbptºmƒ sNtø≠ thsdImcyßfp≠v. hoSpIƒ hrØnbm°pI, amen\yßƒ am‰n°fbpI, InW¿ipNoIcn°pI F∂nhsbms°.

kpc£nXcmbncn°pI, a‰p≈hsc klmbn°pI. Let this be our finest hour.

-˛ apcfn XpΩmcpIpSn

32ae-bmfw-

ae-bmfw-

ae-bmfw-

ae-bmfw-

ae-bmfw-

H≥]Xv

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tIcf]m-Tm-hen

$ hyXykvX Ime-L-´-ß-fnse IY-Iƒ hmbn®v]tabw, BJym-\-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-IƒF∂nh Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ hnhn[ kqN-\-Iƒhmbn®v Bibw, ka-Im-en-I-]-k‡n, `mjm-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ F∂nhhni-I-e\w sNbvXvhnhn[ hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-fn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p.

$ IY-Iƒ hmbn®v IYm-]mX khn-ti-j-X-IƒIs≠-Øp-∂p.

$ _jo-dns‚ PohnXsØ-°p-dn®pw kzmX¥yka-cm-\p--`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw [mcWt\Sp-∂p.

$ïa°ƒ°v AΩ-am-tcm-Sp-ffDØ-c-hm-ZnXzw t]mse][m-\-amWv amXr-cm-Py-tØm-Sp-ff kvt\lhpwF∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ï_jo-dns‚ Nn¥-I-fnepwImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fnepw Km‘n-Pn-bpsS kzm[o-\-ap-≠v.

$ï_jo-dns‚ `mjm-]-c-ambkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ïPohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fn¬\n∂mWv _jo¿ IYm-]m-X-ßsf krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv.

]h¿Ø-\-k-abw : ]ncoUv

bqWn‰vhn-i-I-e\w

Bibw/[mcW

][m\]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ



]T-\-t\-´-ßƒ ]mT-`m-K-ßƒ

$ hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏vXbm-dm-°¬

$ BibwkwK-ln-°¬

$ \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏vXbm-dm-°¬

$ eLp D]-\ymkwXbm-dm-°¬

$ skan-\m¿

$ IYm-]mX\ncq]WwXbm-dm-°¬

$ Bibhy‡X

$ hni-I-e-\-tijn

$ `mj

$ Bibw

$ kwK-l-W-tijn

$ Bib-hy-‡X

$ \nco-£-W-]m-Shw

$ `mj

$ Xe-s°´v$ BapJw$ Df-f-S°w$ kz¥w \nco-£Ww$ `mj

$ Bi-b-k-a-KX$ B[n-Im-cn-IX$ Ah-X-c-W-coXn$ `mj$ IYm-]m-X-

k-hn-tij-X-Iƒ$ kz¥w \nco-£Ww

$ hni-I-e-\°pdn∏v

$ Ipdn∏v

$ \nco-£-W°pdn∏v

$ eLq]-\ymkw

$ skan-\m¿]_‘w

$ IYm-]mX\ncq]Ww

AΩ


33

123456789012345678901234567123456789012345678901234567123456789012345678901234567IqXp-I-tam-Sm-e-]n-®mepw

F≥.]n. aplΩZns‚ "ssZhØns‚ IÆv' F∂ t\mhen¬-\n∂p≈ "Ifn∏mhIƒ' F∂ mKw, Fw.F≥. hnPbs‚ "B¿`mS-Øn¬\n∂v emfnXyØnte°v' F∂ teJ\w, almIhn D≈qcns‚"\h-bp-tKm-Zbw' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬\ns∂-SpØ "hnizw Zo]abw'F∂ `mKw, sI.Fw. amXyphns‚ "F´masØ tamXncw' F∂BflIYbn¬\n∂p≈ "PohnXw Hcp ]m¿Y\' F∂nh-bmWv CubqWn‰n¬ Dƒs∏Sp-Ønbn´p≈ cN\Iƒ.kaqlØn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂ A‘hnizmkßƒ, A\mNmcßƒF∂nhsb Xpd∂pImWn°p∂ cN\bmWv "ssZhØns‚ IÆv.'"CsXm∂pw Hms‚ k‡nb√. ]qXØns‚ k‡nbmWv. aq∂paq¿ØnIfm Hms‚ taØv, A\°dnbqte?' aqØm∏bpsS Cuhm°pIfn¬ B A‘hnizmkw \ap°v sXfn™p ImWmw.òIcamb a¿±\Øns\mSphn¬ HmeaS¬ hen®p sIm≠pt]mIp-∂Xpt]mse, Nßebv°n´v sambΩXmen°m°sb hen®psIm-≠p-t]mIp∂p. HcpImeØv icnbmb NnIn’ In´msX FXtbmPohnXßƒ CØcØn¬ XI¿∂pt]mbncn°p∂p. "Ccpńs‚Bflmhn'se thembp[≥ Hcp km¶¬-∏nIIYm]mXas√∂pwAßs\sbmcmƒ Xs‚ hoSn\SpØp-≠mbncps∂∂pw Fw.Sn.km£ys∏SpØp∂p≠v. F∂m¬ hcpwXeapd CXns\ adnIS°pwF∂ Xncn®dnhpw "ssZh-Øns‚ IÆn'se AbvaZv F∂ Ipń\¬Ip∂p≠v : "sambΩXmen°m°m, \nßƒ°v Rm\p≠v. Rm≥hepXmbn \nßsf kpJt°Sv am‰n®p...'B¿`mSw Hcp D∑mZambn amdp∂ ImeØmWv \mw Pohn°p∂Xv.B¿`mS-PohnXØn\mbn GXp am¿KØnemsW¶nepw ]WwkºmZn°Ww F∂ Nn¥ kaqlØn¬ thcpdbv°p∂pt≠m?Aßs\ ]W°mcm-Ip∂h¿°v A\¿lamb ]cnKW\ kaqlw\¬Ip∂pt≠m? kmaq -lnI-ap -t∂-‰ -ßƒ°-\p -Kp -W-ambs]mXpImgvN∏mSn\-\pkcn®v cq]wsImt≈≠ aqeyßƒ°p]Icw kzm¿YX\nd™ ImgvN∏mSpIfmWv ImWp∂Xv.apXemfnØkaqlw hnhn[ ]ckyßfneqsSbmWv D]-t`m-Km-k-‡n-\n-d™ Nn¥mKXnIƒ hf¿ØnsbSp°p∂Xv. kaqlØn\p

IIIIIpXp-I-tam-Sm-e-]n-®mepwpXp-I-tam-Sm-e-]n-®mepwpXp-I-tam-Sm-e-]n-®mepwpXp-I-tam-Sm-e-]n-®mepwpXp-I-tam-Sm-e-]n-®mepw3

34


123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890tIcf]m-Tm-hen

KpWIca√mØ CØcw Nn¥Isfbpw ]hrØnIsfbpw]Xntcm[nt°≠Xp≠v. ChnsSbmWv \thm∞m\Nn¥Iƒ]m[m\y-a¿ln°p∂Xv. hnthN\ßfn√mØ s]mXpbnSßƒcq]s∏´XmWv \thm∞m\Øns‚ Hcp ][m\ t\´w. A‘hn-izmkßƒ, ZpcmNmcßƒ, hnhn[ NSßpIfpsS t]cnep≈B¿`mS -ßƒ F∂nhbvs°Xnscbp≈ apt∂‰ßfmWvA°meØp≠mbXv. hnZymebßƒ, sXmgn¬imeIƒ F∂nhÿm]n®v Xncn®dnhpw kz¥w Imen¬ \n¬°m\p≈ IcpØpw\thm∞m\w aebmfnIƒ°p \¬In. a\pjya\ pIfn¬ ]pXnbBZ¿ißfpsS shfn®w ]Icm\mWv \thm∞m\t\Xm°ƒian®Xv. hy‡n-IfpsS t]cv, NSßpIƒ, thjw XpSßnh-bnsems°Øs∂ Cu am‰w Zriy-ambn. s]mXpP\ hmb\-imeIƒ, s]mXphnZymebßƒ, s]mXphgnIƒ, s]mXp-In-W-dp-Iƒ... Cßs\ s]mXphmb ]eXpw cq]s∏´p. CØcØn¬cq]s∏´ D∂-X-amb Pohn-X-aq-ey-ßƒ Xnc-kvI-cn-°m-\p≈ t_m[-]q¿h-amb ]pXnb iaßƒ \S°ptºmƒ aebmfnsbaebmfnbm°nb \thm∞m\sØ°pdn®pw AXns‚ -t\Xm°sf-°pdn®papff Xncn®dnhpIƒ \ΩpsS IpńIƒ°v e`nt°-≠Xp≠v.Km‘nPnsbbpw io\mcmbW-Kpcphns\bpw Aø¶mfnsbbpw a‰p\thm∞m\ t\Xm°sfbpw IpńIƒ Adn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v, ]Tn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AØcw Nn¥Iƒ°p klmbIamWv Fw.F≥.hnPbs‚ teJ\w.PohnX]iv\ßfn¬ \ncmis∏ńcn°msX Ahsb kss[cywt\cnSm\p≈ BflhnizmkamWv B¿Pnt°≠Xv. CØcØn¬Bflhnizmkw \¬Ip∂ IhnXm`mKamWv D≈qcns‚"hnizw Zo]abw.'kzm¿YXbv°pw Xnc°pIƒ°pa∏pdw Iq´mbvabpw kvt\lhpamWvimizXw F∂ ktµiamWv "PohnXw Hcp ]m¿Y\' F∂BflIYm`mKw \¬Ip-∂Xv.


35


B¿`mSØn¬\n∂v emfnXyØnte°v - ˛ Fw.F≥. hnPb≥

]mTm-]-K-Y\w

Cu temIØv a\pjy\v Pohn°m\mhiyap≈sX√map≠v. ]t£, Hcm-fpsSt]mepw AXymKl-Øn\p≈Xn√ F∂v Km‘nPn ]d™tXm¿°pI. _p≤\pwF√m ZpxJßƒ°pw ASnÿm\w tamlamsW∂p Xncn®dn™p. B¿`mShpwCu AXymKlØns‚ XpS¿®Xs∂. B¿`mSambn Pohn°pI F∂Xvhy‡nIsf amXa√, cm„ß-sfbpw _m[n°p∂ tcmKamIp∂p.B¿`mSßƒ°p ]n∂mse t]mIp∂ hy‡n F√m [m¿ΩnIXIsfbpwDt]£n°p∂p. bmN\bpw ISwhmßepw tamjW-hpsa√mw Ah\p icnbmWv.BtLmjßsfbpw BNmcßsfbpw B¿`m-S]q¿Wam°m\p≈ ISwhm-ßepIƒ hy‡nsb Nnet∏mƒ BfllXy-bnte°p t]mepw FØn°p∂p.AXymKlØns‚bpw B¿`mSØns‚bpw D∑mZw _m[n® cm„ßƒbp≤ßfnte°pw IogS°epIfnte°pw P\tZmlßfnte°pw \oßp∂p.B¿`mSw Hcp D∑mZambn ]Scptºmƒ, ]Wb\„wsIm≠v BfllXy-bnte°p \oßp∂ Zp¿_esct∏mse AcpIph¬°cn°s∏´ a\pjy¿°pwXßƒ°p≈X√ Cu temIw F∂ \ncmi]Scp∂p. B¿`mSsØ BZ¿-iam°p∂ at\m`mhØn\p XSbn´Xv KpcphmWv. kaqlsØ Kkn® CutcmKsØ \ntcm[n°m\p≈ iaamWv At±lw \SØnbXv. hnhmlwt]mep≈ NSßpIsf At±lw B¿`mSßfn¬\n∂p tamNn∏n°m≥ ian®p.Hcp I√v ]XnjvTn°p∂XneqsS Bcm[\sbt∏mepw Kpcp \ncmUw_cam°n.]n¬°meØpw kz¿WhnKlßf√, Xs∂Øs∂ ImWmhp∂ IÆm-SnbmWv]XnjvTn®Xv. kºØv Bcm[\mebßfntes°Øn°pIb√, hnZymeb-ßfpw hyhkmbßfpw Bcw`n°pIbmWv Kpcp sNbvXXv. ‡nbpsS t]cn¬\S°p∂ B¿`mSßƒ kaqlsØ XI¿°pw. Ah ]et∏mgpw PmXn-aX-kwLS\Iƒ XΩnep≈ B¿`mSa’cßfmbn amdpIbpw sNøpw. B¿`m-Sßƒ°p ]Icw BZ¿ihpw emfnXyhpw alØzØns‚ AfhptImemhWw.PmXnaXßƒ°p kzm[o\ap≈ kaqlamWv \ΩptSXv. Gsd BNmc_-≤hpamWXv. P\\w apX¬ acWw hscbp≈ At\Iw BNmcßƒ \mw]pe¿Øp∂p. AØcw BNmcßƒ ]et∏mgpw B¿`mSßfpsS IqØcßmbnamdmdp≠v. aXmflIamb kaqlßfn¬ cm„ob∏m¿ńItf°mƒ kzm[o\wPmXn˛aXkwLS\Iƒ°p≠mIpw. B[p\nIImeØn\nWßmØ ]eBNmcßfpw Ahbn¬ IpSnsIm≈p∂ hnthN\ßfpw C√mXm°mt\m

36


123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890tIcf]m-Tm-hen

]cnjvIcn°mt\m PmXn˛aXkwLS\IfmWv ap≥ssIsbSpt°≠Xv.aX\hoIcW]ÿm\ßƒ apt∂m´ph® CØcw ]h¿Ø\ßfn-eqsSbmWv\ΩpsS \thm∞m\w Bcw`n°p∂Xv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ BNmcßfnepwBtLmjßfnepw B¿`mSßsfmgnhm°m≥ kapZmbkwLS\Iƒ°p]eXpw sNøm≥ Ignbpw.

][m\mibßƒ

$ C∂sØ kaqlØn\v BUw_càw ]nSn-s]-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

$ ]Ww kºmZn°p∂Xn\mbn F¥pw sNømhp∂ Ahÿbnte°v a\pjy¿amdns°m≠ncn°p∂p.

$ BUw_càw hf¿Øp∂Xn¬ ItºmfØn\pw ]ckyßƒ°pw henb ]¶p≠v.

$ BUw_cPohnXØns\Xncmb, efnXPohnXØn\pXIp∂ Nn¥IfmWv\ap°mhiyw.

$ io\mcmbWKpcphns\t∏mep≈h¿ BUw_csØbpw A\mNmcßsfbpwFXn¿Øp; P\ßsf hnZym`ymkØnte°pw hyhkmbØnte°pw Xncn®phn´p.

$ ]W°mcpsS BUw-_cPohnXtØmSp a’cn®v ]mhßƒ ]m∏cmIp∂p.

$ PohnXw BZ¿ihpw emfnXyhpw \nd™Xmbncn°Ww.

$ Hmtcm taJebnepw B¿`mSØns\Xncmb BZ¿ißfpw Nn¥Ifpw hf¿ØWw.

$ efnXPohnXNn¥Ifnte°p \bn°m\p≈ NpaXe kapZmbØn\pXs∂bmWv.Ah¿ kmaq-lnI\thm-∞m-\-Øn¬ KWy-amb ]¶p-h-ln-®n-cp-∂p.

$ s]mXp\∑bv°pth≠n BUw_cØns‚ hn]coXßsf \Ωƒ BZ¿i-h¬°cn°Ww.

]T\]h¿Ø\ßƒ

]th-iI]h¿Ø\w

hnhmlw apßn°∏en¬

thdn´ hnhmlcoXnbpambn hyhkmbIpSpw_w it≤bcmbn.CXphsc Bcpw \SØnbnń√mØ hn[w ISen∂Snbn¬ h®mWvhyhkmbn-bpsS aIfpsS hnhmlw \S∂Xv. ]tXyIw £Wn-°s∏´h¿ amXw ]s¶SpØ NSßn\p tijw ]©\£X-tlmén¬hncp∂p k¬°mchpw \S∂p. F´ptImSn cq]bmWv hnhmlØn\psNesh∂v _‘p°ƒ Adnbn®p.


37


ss_°v tamjWw: Iuam-c-°m-cmb hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Ad-Ãn¬

ss_°p-Iƒ tamjvSn®p hn‰ Iuam-c-°m-cmb hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Ad-Ãn-embn.BUw-_cPohnXw \bn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Ww Is≠-Øm-\m-WtX Ah¿ss_°p-Iƒ tamjvSn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. hml\tamjW am^nb Ipń-I-fpsSBUw-_-c-`-asØ NqjWw sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

˛ CØcØn¬ ASpØImeØmbn h∂ BUw-_-c -hp -ambn _‘-s∏´hm¿ØIfpsS ˛ ss…Uv ]Z¿in∏n°p∂p.

IpńIƒ hy‡nKXambn hm¿ØItfmSp ]XnIcn°p∂p.

$ hnhm-l-apƒs∏-sS-bp-ff NS-ßp-Iƒ CØ-c-Øn¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-t\mSp \nßƒtbmPn-°p-∂pt≠m?

$ IpńIsf hgnsX‰n°p∂Xn¬ CØcw B¿`mSßƒ°p ]¶pt≠m?

N¿®.

(]W°mcpsS B¿`mSw a‰p≈h¿°pw ]tNmZ\amIp∂Xns\°pdn®pw ]ckyßƒhln°p∂ ]¶ns\°pdn®pw N¿®bneqsS tImUoIcn°Ww.)

$ \ΩpsS \mń¬ CØcØn¬ B¿`mSw \S°p∂Xv GsX√mw taJeIfnemWv?

hnhmlw, hoSv, BtLmjw, hkvXw, `£Ww, bmX, hnZym-`ymkw .......

IpńIƒ hnhn[ taJeIfpsS t]cn¬ Iq´ßfmIp∂p.

Hmtcm Iq´hpw AXXp taJeIfnse B¿`mSßƒ, Ah kaqlØn¬ kr„n°p∂]XymLmXßƒ, Ah Ipdbv°m\p≈ \n¿tZißƒ F∂nh N¿®sNøp∂p.

Is≠ØepIƒ IpńIƒ AhXcn∏n°p∂p.

N¿®˛tImUoIcWw.

ktµiw Is≠Ømw

"BZ¿iØns‚bpw emfnXyØns‚bpw Du∂phSnsIm≠v km[mcW°mcs‚Dbcw Iqt´≠nbncn°p∂p.' (hmIyw ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p)

hni-I-e\t®mZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

$ Xßƒ°v Dbcw Ipd-hmWv F∂v km[m-c-W-°m-¿ Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm≠v?

$ Dbcw Iq´pI F∂-Xp-sIm≠v A¿Yam°p-∂-sX¥v?

$ Dbcw Iq´m≥ Ah¿ F¥mWv sNøp-∂Xv?

$ Cu A\p-I-cWw Ah-cpsS Pohn-XsØ \bn-°p-∂Xv Ftßm-´mWv?

38


123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890tIcf]m-Tm-hen

$ CXn\p ]Xn-hn-[n-bmbn teJ-I≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂sX¥v?

$ BZ¿i-]q¿Whpw efn-X-hp-amb PohnXw Hcp-hs‚ Dbcw Iq´p-∂sXßs\?

N¿®

tImUo-I-cWw

[\nIs‚ Pohn-X-amWv Db¿∂Xv F∂v km[m-c-W-°m-c≥ Nn¥n-°p-∂p. Ahsc A\p-I-cn-°m≥ Ah≥ ian-°p-∂p. AXn-\p-th≠n ISw hmßnbpw BUw-_cw Im´p∂p.CXv IS-s°-Wn-bn-te°pw Iq´ Bfl-l-Xy-bn-te°pw \bn-°p-∂p. BZ¿i-]q¿Whpwemfn-Xy-am¿∂-Xp-amb Pohn-X-amWv al-Øz-]q¿W-sa∂pw AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ D∂-X-sa∂pw teJ-I≥ Km‘n-Pnsb Nq≠n ka¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ B Du∂p-hSn km[m-c-W-°m-c\v Xmßmbn Dbcw h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂p. BZ¿ihpw emfn-Xy-hpw alØz-Øns‚Af-hp-tIm-em-h-Ww.

D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm°mw

"B¿`mSØn¬\n∂p emfnXyØnte°v ' F∂ teJ\w hmbn°p∂p. Is≠ØepIƒs]mXphmbn AhXcn∏n°p∂p.

XpS¿∂v IpńIfpsS \mtem At©m t]cp≈ Iq´ßfn¬ N¿®mkqN\Iƒ \¬Ip∂p.Hmtcm Iq´hpw Hcp kqN\ hoXw N¿®sNøp∂p.

D∂Xamb PohnXmZ¿ißƒ, \thm∞m\ImesØ ImgvN∏mSpIƒ, B¿`mS-Øns\Xncmb \ne]mSpIƒ F∂nhbneq∂n N¿®bn-enSs]Sm≥ A[ym]nIi≤n°Ww.

N¿®mkqN\Iƒ

"B¿`mSw Hcp D∑mZmhÿbmWv.' teJ-Is‚ A`n]mbtØmSp \nßƒ

tbmPn°p-∂pt≠m? F¥psIm≠v?

$ Cu D∑mZmhÿ a\pjysc \bn°p∂sXtßm´v?

$ kmºØnIamb Db¿®-Xm-gvNIƒ Cu D∑mZmhÿ h¿[n∏n-°p-∂pt≠m?

Beg, borrow or steal F∂ apZmhmIyw C∂sØ kaqlØn¬ FXamXw

ZriyamWv?

$ Cu apZmhmIyw \¬Ip∂ ktµisa¥v?

$ Cu Ahÿ /at\m`mhw \Ωsf \bn°p∂sXhntS°v?


39


]c-ky-ß-fnse ]tem-`-\-ßƒ kaq-lsØ Cu at\m-`m-h-Øn-te°p \bn-°p-∂-Xn\v

Imc-W-am-Ip-∂pt≠m?

"\ndthdmØ tamlw, ]WbsØt∏mse \nßsf BfllXybnte°p

Iqńs°m≠p t]mIp∂p.'

$ tamlßƒ kr„n°p∂Xmcv?

$ \ΩpsS tamlßfpw taml`wKßfpw Xocpam\n°p∂Xn¬ Itºmf-ßfpsSbpw ]ckyßfpsSbpw ]s¶¥mWv?

$ Ah \ndth‰s∏SmØ tamlßfmbn amdp∂sX¥psIm≠v?

""A\mhiyamb [\hybw Hcp awKfI¿ΩØn\pw ]mSn√.''

io\mcmbWKpcphns‚ Cu D]tZiw C∂sØ tIcfØn¬ FXamXw

]k‡amWv?

$ B¿`mSØn\pw A‘hnizmkßƒ°pw FXncmbn io\mcmbWKpcp\SØnb ]h¿Ø\ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

$ a‰p \thm∞m\\mbI¿ \SØnb ]h¿Ø\ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

"kapZmb kwLS\Iƒ°v C°mcyØn¬ ]eXpw sNøm≥ Ignbpw. ]t£,Ah¿°v C—mi‡n \„s∏ńcn°p∂p.

$ kmaq-lnI]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn¬ kapZmbkwLS\Iƒ hln-®n-cp∂]s¶¥v?

$ "kapZmbÿm]\ßƒ°p amXta Ct∏mƒ [q¿ØmNmcßsfkmam\y\nebnte°v Cd°ns°m≠phcm≥ Ignbq.'

CXn\mbn kapZmbkwLS\Iƒ sNtø≠sXs¥√mw?

"B¿`mSamIp∂p kz¥w sXfnhv.'

"a’cn°p∂ ]mhßƒ ]Xps° ]m∏cmbnØocpw.'

$ C°m-eØv B¿`mSw kz¥w kmaq-lnI]Z-hn-bpsS sXfnhmbn amdp-∂pt≠m? Cu at\m-`mhw krjvSn-°p∂ ]iv\-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

"BZ¿iØns‚bpw emfnXyØns‚bpw Du∂phSnsIm≠v km[mcW°mcs‚

Dbcw Iqt´≠nbncn°p∂p.'

40


123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890tIcf]m-Tm-hen

$ Cu hmIyw \¬Ip∂ ktµisa¥v? BZ¿i-Øn-s‚bpw emfn-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw Du∂p-hSn F∂ ]tbm-K-Øn¬ sXfn-bp∂ alm-flmhv Bcv?

ï $ "Fs‚ Pohn-X-amWv Fs‚ ktµiw' F∂ alm-fl-Pn-bpsS hm°p-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn teJ-Is‚ \nco-£-W-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ hni-Z-am-°p-I.

"AXpsIm≠v Ct∏mƒ t\XrXzw hn]coXßsf BZ¿ih¬°cn°Ww.'

$ hn]coXßsf BZ¿ih¬°cn°pI F∂mse¥v?

ï $ [q¿Øm-Nm-c-ßsf kmam-\y-\n-e-bn-te°p sIm≠phcm≥ \mw sNtø-≠-sX-s¥√mw?

ï teJ-Is‚ \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ N¿®sNøpI.

˛ N¿®, tImUoIcWw

XpS¿∂v "efnXPohnXw kmaqlnI\∑bv°v' F∂ hnjbØn¬ D]\ymkw

Xbmdm°p∂p. (hy‡n-K-Xw).

D]\ymkw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.

$ D]-\ymkhnjbw hni-I-e\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

$ teJ-\-Ønse Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≠n-´p-≠v.

$ kz¥w \nco-£-W-ßƒ bp‡n-]q¿hw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.

$ BibIao-I-cWw ]men-®n-´p-≠v.

]`m-jWw Xbm-dm°mw

apØ—≥ ˛ Hc\p`h°pdn∏v

F\n°∂v 13 hb v. Hcp Znhkw Rm≥ kvIqfn¬\n∂p aSßpIbmbncp∂p.ssIbnep≈ s]≥knente°v Rms\m∂p t\m°n. Xosc sNdpXmbncn°p∂p.ssIbn¬ ]nSn®v FgpXm\p≈ hep∏an√. apØ—≥ ]pXnbsXm∂phmßnØcpsa∂v Dd∏t√. Rm\Xp hens®dn™p.

k‘ytbmsS hońseØn. apØ—t\mSv ]pXnsbmcp s]≥knen\mhiys∏´p.tNmZn® amXbn¬ t]c°pń°v ]pXnbsXm∂p hmßnØcpsa∂ ]Xo£sX‰n®psIm≠v XpcpXpcm tNmZyßƒ D∂bn°pIbmWv At±lw sNbvXXv.

""\ns‚ s]≥knens\¥p]‰n?


41


cmhnse henb s]≥knembncp∂t√m ssIbnep≠mbncp∂Xv?

AsXßs\ CXbpw s]s´∂v sNdpXmbn.

\o AsXhnsSbmWv If™Xv?''

Hcp Ip‰ns∏≥knen\p th≠n F¥n\mWnXbpw tNmZyßsf∂v F\n°pa\ nembn√.

]pdØpt]mbn s]≥kn¬ Xnc™v Is≠Øns°m≠phcm≥ Ft∂mSv\n¿tZin®p.

At∏mtg°pw Ccpń°gn™ncp∂p. Hcp tSm¿®pw ssIbn¬ X∂p. ct≠maqt∂m aWn°qdn\p tijw B Ip‰ns∏≥kn¬ Inń.

apØ—≥ Fs∂ ASpØncpØn c≠p ]mTßƒ ]d™pX∂p :

"\Ωƒ Hcp s]≥kn¬ D]tbmKn°ptºmƒ ]IrXnkºØmWv D]tbmKs∏Sp-Øp∂Xv. AXv ]IrXnbpsS t\scbp≈ AIaamWv."

"\Ωƒ AanXambn hn`hßƒ D]tbmKs∏SpØptºmƒ \ΩpsS cm„Øn¬IqSpX¬ ZcnZsc kr„n°p∂p."

(Acp¨Km‘n -- -˛ almflmKm‘nbpsS ]uX≥)

Ipdn∏v hmbn°p∂p.

$ Cu A\p-`-h-°p-dn∏v \nßƒ°p \¬Ip∂ Pohn-X-]m-T-ßƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv?

N¿®, tImUo-I-cWw.

$ ""F√m-h¿°pw Bh-iy-Øn-\p-≈Xv Cu qan-bn-ep≠v; F∂m¬ Hcm-fpsS t]mepwAXym¿Øn-°p-≈Xv H´p-an-√-Xm-\pw''- -˛ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS Cu ap∂-dn-bn∏v Pohn-X-Ønse \ΩpsS Bhiyßsf-°p-dn®v \¬Ip∂ Xncn-®-dn-hp-Iƒ Fs¥ms°?

$ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-sØbpw PohnXmh-iy-ß-sfbpw Ct∏mƒ \nb-¥n-°p-∂Xv hn]-Wn-I-fmtWm?

$ \mw hn]-Wn-bn¬ \n∂v hmßn-°q- p-∂-h-sb√mw \ap-°-Xym-h-iyap-≈-h-bmtWm?

CØcØn¬ hmßp∂/hmßnb As√¶n¬ hońencn°p∂ hkvXp°sf]ńIs∏SpØp∂p.

]ńIbpsS ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

42


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]ńI hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Is≠ØepIƒ Ipdn°p∂p.

AXym-hiy hkvXp-°ƒ hmßp-tºmƒ \mw Fs¥√mw i≤n-t°-≠-Xp≠v? \mwhn]-Wn-I-fpsS Cc-I-fmbnØocp-∂pt≠m? AXv kaq-l-Øn\pw ]Ir-Xn°pw krjvSn-°p∂ ]iv\-ßƒ Fs¥√mw? Km‘nPn kzPo-hnXwsIm≠v am\-h-cm-in°v \¬Inbktµ-i-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

N¿® ˛tImUo-I-cWw

"Km‘nPn \¬Ip∂ Pohn-X-]m-T-ßƒ' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ ]`m-jWw Xbm-dm-°p-I.

XmcXay-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm°mw

$ ""In´pw ]Wsa¶nent∏mƒ a\pjy¿°pZp„X Im´phms\m´pw aSnbn√InńbsXm∂pw aXnb√ ]ns∂bpwInńbmepw aXnb√ ZpcmKlw''

-˛ Ip©≥\ºym¿

$ ""\mWw sI´pw ]Ww t\Sn-s°m-≠m¬\mW-t°-Sm-∏Ww Xo¿ØpsIm≈pw''

-˛ sNm√v

(ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p).

hcn-I-fnse Bibw Ipdn-°p-∂p. (hy‡n-K-Xw)

aqt∂m \mtem Ipń-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

˛ hcn-I-fn¬ sXfn-bp∂ kmaq-lnIhna¿i\w

AXymhiyambXv/\nc¥cw

D]tbmKn°p∂Xv

Bhiyap≈Xv /CSbvs°√mw

D]tbmKn°p∂Xv

hoń¬Bhiyan√m

ØXv /D]tbmKn°mØXv

Ft∏msg¶nepwamXw

D]tbmKn°p∂Xv

D]tbmKn®ns√¶n¬Hcp ]iv\hp-

an√mØXv

`£y-hn-`-h-ßƒ

hkvXw

hnt\m-tZm-]m-[n-Iƒ

ho´p-]-I-c-W-ßƒ

hn`-h-ßƒ


43


Fw. F≥. hnP-bs‚ Fgp-Øn-s\-∏‰n

""At\Iw am\-hnI]iv\-ßsf, [¿a-k-¶-S-ß-sf, aqey-Nyp-Xn-I-sf,

Bi-Isf, AXym¿Øn-Isf F√mwXs∂ Xt‚-Xp-am-X-amb ho£-

W-tIm-Wn-eqsS \nco-£n-°m\pw ic-k-am-\-amb hm°p-I-fm¬

tIƒhn-°m-cpsS/hmb\-°mcpsS a\- n¬ IrXy-ambn ]Xn-∏n-

°m\pw Ahsc ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m\pw Nncn-∏n-°m\pw hnP-b≥ amjv°v

Ign-™p. km[m-cWa\p-jy-cpsS ssI]n-Sn®v Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ah-

cpsS H∏w \S∂psIm≠m-Wv, BVy-]-fin-X-\mbn AI∂p \n∂p-

sIm-≠√ At±lw CsX√mw sNbvX-Xv. AXn-hn -]p-e-amb

⁄m\hpw AXy¥w am\-hn-I-amb kmwkvIm-cnI Ah-t_m-[hpw

a\- n¬ sIm≠p\S-°p∂ Hcp hy‡n°v amXw Ign-bp∂ H∂m-

Wn-Xv.

sImt≈-≠-Xns\ sIm≠pw Xt≈-≠-Xns\ X≈nbpw Xncp-tØ-≠-

Xns\ Xncp-Ønbpw ]cn-lmkw sIm≠v ASn-®n-cp-tØ-≠-Xns\ ]cn-

l-kn®v Xf¿Ønbpw ap\-sbm-Sn-t°≠ Iqc-X-Isf N¶q‰w sIm≠v

t\cn´pw B Xqen-Ibpw hm°p-Ifpw k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ hmb-\-

°m-cs‚ a\- n¬ _u≤n-I-amb DW¿hns‚ Ae-Iƒ ]ns∂bpw

]ns∂bpw cq]wsIm≈p∂p.

(Fw.F≥.- hn-P-b≥ kºq¿W-Ir-Xn-I-f-psS Ah-Xm-cn-I-bn¬

tUm. ]n.-Pn.- ]-fln-\n)

s]mXpN¿®

tImUo-I-cWw

Beg, borrow or steal (ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p).

Ip©≥\ºym¿°hn-X-bn-sebpw sNm√n-sebpw ss…Unse hcn-I-fn-sebpw Bi-bßƒ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p∂p. (hy‡n-K-Xw)

4, 5 t]c-S-ßp∂ Kq∏n¬ ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p. anI-®h Is≠-Øp-∂p. Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

44ae-bmfw-

ae-bmfw-

ae-bmfw-

ae-bmfw-

ae-bmfw-

H≥]Xv

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tIcf]m-Tm-hen

bqWn‰vhn-i-I-e\w

Bibw/[mcW

][m\]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ




$ teJ-\w, \ncq-]-Ww, ]T-\w, D]-\ymkw F∂nhhmbn®v ]ta-b-]-chpw,kmaq-lnIhpw Bkzm-Z-\-]-c-hp-amb Awi-ßƒXncn-®-dn™v cN-\-I-fnepw Pohn-X-k-µ¿`-ß-fnepw HuNn-Xy-]q¿hw]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ BZ¿i-Øn-s‚bpw emfn-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw ]m[m\ywPohn-X-Øn¬ FX--tØm-f-ap-s≠∂v Xncn-®-dn™vPohnXkµ¿` -ß-f n¬]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ hnhn[ hyh-lmccq]-ß-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IƒXncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ B¿`m-S-ambn Pohn-°m\p-ff sImXn a\p-jyscsIm-s≠-Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂XvFhn-sS-sb∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ B¿`m-Shpw D∑mZw Xs∂-sb∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. 'beg,borrow or steal.'

$ C√m-Ø-h¿ sNe-hm°napSn-bp-∂-Xn-s\bpw B¿`m-S-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbpw BZy-ap-b¿∂ i_vZw Kpcp-hn-t‚-Xm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ a’-cn-°p∂ ]mh-ßƒ]m∏-cmbnØocpw.

$ BZ¿i-Øn-s‚bpw emfn-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw Du∂p-h-Sn-sb-s¥∂ [mc-W -t\-Sp-∂p.

$ ]c-ky-ß-fpsS kzm[o\wXncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.

$ -h niI -e -\ -°p -d n∏ vXbm-dm-°p-I.

$ `mjWw Xbm -dm -°pI.

$ ktµiw Is≠-Ømw.

$ D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°p-I.

$ Bibhy‡X$ ]c-kv]-c-_‘w$ `mj-bpsS A\p-tbm-

PyX$ kµ¿`w hni-I-e\w

sNbvXn-´p-≠v.$ Bi-b-k-a¿Y\w$ `mj

]`m-jWw$ LS\$ Bi-b-hy-‡X$ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ$ Bi-b-I-ao-I-cWw$ Dbcw IqSpI F∂-Xp-

sIm≠v A¿Y-am-°p-∂-sX-s¥∂vIs≠-Øp∂p.

$ hni-I-e\tijnD]-\ymkw

$ BapJw$ Xe-s°´v$ Df-f-S°w$ \nK-a-\-ßƒ

$ k-aIm-enI]k‡n

$ D]-kw-lmcw

$ Xmc-X-ay°p-dn∏v


$ ]`m-jWw


$ D]-\ymkw

B¿`m-S

-Øn¬

\n∂

v emf

n-Xy-Ø

n-te

°v

a\p-jy\pw a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°pw ]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ _‘hpw ]Ir-Xn-bpsS AP-ø-Xbpw hnhn[ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ°v hnj-b-ambn´p≠v. ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂v AI-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ, a\p-jy≥ amX-a-√, a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw Zpc-¥-ap-J-tØ°v FØn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ thKw IqSq-I-bm-Wv. "`qan \Ωp-tS-X-√, \mw `qan-bp-tS-XmWv'F∂Xv Ahiyw kzoI-cn-t°≠ Z¿i-\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hfsc ]cn-an-X-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ°p-t]mepw ]Ir-Xnsb t\mhn-t°≠nhcp-tºmƒ £atNmZn-°p∂ ]mc-º-cy-amWv mc-XobkwkvIm-c-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ß-sf√mw ]IrXn\nb-a-ßƒ°nWßn Pohn-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy≥ AXn\p hncp-≤-ambn kz¥w \nb-a-ßƒkrjvSn®v ]Ir-Xnsb Xs‚ lnX-Øn\v A\p-Kp-W-amw-hn[w am‰n-Øo¿Øv Zpc-¥-ßƒ £Wn®phcp-Øp-I-bm-Wv.

"\nß-sf≥ temI-sØ-sb-¥p-sNbvXp' F∂ kpK-X-Ip-am-cn-bpsS Ihn-X-bnse Infn-bpsS tNmZyw \tΩm-Sp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. adp-]Sn ]d-tb-≠-Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øn¬\n∂v\ap°v Hgn-™p-am-dm-\p-am-hn-√.

]Ir-Xn-°p-th≠n Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw aÆn-s\bpw sNSn-I-sfbpw kvt\ln-°p-IbpwsNøp∂ Ahtijn-°p∂ a\p-jy-cpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-bmb Ac-hn-µm-£≥ tIµ-I-Ym-]m-X-ambn hcp∂ IY-bmWv kpkvtajv Nt¥m-Øns‚ "lcn-X-tam-l\w'. B[p-\nI \mK-cn-I-Po-hn-X-Øn-\n-S-bnepw ]®-∏n-s\bpw aÆn-s\bpw ssIhn-SmØ a\p-jys‚Icp-X-ens‚ IY-Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv.

]IrXnkuµ-cysØ Bthmfw \pI-cm-\p≈ a\p-jys‚ BKlßfmWv Ahs‚Hmtcm bmX-bpw. 1949 ˛ ¬ Fkv.-sI.- s]m-s‰-°m´v B^n-°sb ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xp- ap-X¬ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°v B cmPyw tIc-fw-t]mse Nnc-]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcn-S-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. c≠m-bn-c-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ B^n-°≥Pohn-XsØ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ ]n∂oSvhmbn-®-dn-bp-∂Xv k°-dn-b-bpsS "Hcp B^n-°≥bmX'F∂ bmXm-hn-h-cWIrXn-bn-eqsSbmWv. ]Ir-Xn-bpsS krjvSnbpw hnkvabkm∂n-[y-hp-amb hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m-´Øns‚ hnh-cW-amWv "sh≈-®m-´-Øns‚ CSn-ap-g°w'F∂ ]mT-`m-Kw.

]q°-sfm-s°bpw]q°-sfm-s°bpw]q°-sfm-s°bpw]q°-sfm-s°bpw]q°-sfm-s°bpw

hm°p-I-fm-Ihm°p-I-fm-Ihm°p-I-fm-Ihm°p-I-fm-Ihm°p-I-fm-Ip-tºmƒp-tºmƒp-tºmƒp-tºmƒp-tºmƒ1

AtX ]m¿Y\

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H≥]Xv

k^-e-bm-b -am-hns‚ Bfl-k-a¿∏-W-Øn-s‚bpw A¿Y-\-bp-sSbpw Bhn-jvImcwF∂-Xn-ep-]cn k¿Km-flIPohn-X-Øns‚ ]XoIw F∂ \nebv°pw ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-tS≠ Ihn-X-bmWv CS-t»cn tKmhn-µ≥\mb-cpsS "AtX ]m¿Y\'. amhv F∂]mcn-ÿn-XnI_nw_w ]Ir-Xn-Z¿i-\-Øn-s‚bpw XØz-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw am\-ho-bhpwtIc-fo-b-hp-amb aqey-k-¶-¬∏-Øns‚ ]XoIwIqSn-bm-hp∂ Ihn-X-bm-Wn-Xv.

""Fs‚ IrXnIƒ A[nIhpw IYmflIamIs°m≠v IYIƒ°mhiyamb cwKß-fpsSbpw ]mXßfpsSbpw ImcyØnte BZyw i≤ ]Xnbmdp≈q. Hscmgp°n¬FgpXnt∏mbXv XnI®pw t_m[]q¿hw ]cntim[n°pIbpw ]eXns‚bpw BIrXnam‰pI, NneXns‚ ÿm\w am‰pI, a‰pNneXn\p tam£wsImSp°pI Cßs\_p≤n]camb ]eXn\pw hnt[bam°pIbpw sNbvXtijta _lpP\ka£w]Z¿in∏n°mdp≈q.''

(Fs‚ ]Wn∏pc ˛ CSt»cn)

IYmflIßfmb CXnhrØßtfmSv CSt»cn°p≈ Iqdv Cu hmIyßfn¬hy‡amWv. aebmfnbpsS IYm]mcºcytØmSp≈ lrZb_‘sØ°qSnbmWvCXv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. "AtX ]m¿Y\' F∂ CSt»cn°hnX sNdpXmsW¶nepwIYmflIkz`mhap≈XmWv. Hcp _meIYbpsS kzcq]amWXn\p≈Xv.tZh∑mtcmSp≈ ]m¿Y\, AXns‚ A]Xo£nX ]cnWXn F∂ ańep≈ IYIƒ\ΩpsS IYm]mcºcyØn¬ [mcmfap≠v. AØcsamcp BJym\ssienbmWv"AtX ]m¿Y\' F∂ IhnXbpsS cN\bnepw Ihn kzoIcn®ncn°p∂Xv.

Hcp tX∑mhv hk¥tZht\mSv ]m¿Y\ \SØp∂nSØmWv Imhymcw`w.]m¿Y\sbs¥∂v Ihn t\cn´v ]dbp∂n√. tX∑mhv ASnapSn ]q¶peIfWn™p\n∂p F∂ ê]m]vXnsb°pdn®p≈ ]kvXmh\bneqsS ]m¿Y\sb¥mbncp∂pF∂p hy‡w. tZhXm\pKlat√, DÆnamßIfnsem∂pt]mepw ]mgmbn√. tX∑mhv\ndsb Imbv®p. amhnemsI amºgw \nd™p. kar≤n h¿[n°pt¥mdpw k÷\ßƒIqSpX¬ hn\oXcmIpsa∂ ]mTw hnZzm∑m¿ B amhn¬\n∂p ]Tn®p, a‰p≈hsc]Tn∏n®p. Bbncw AÆmd°Æ∑m¿ AXn¬ ]m™pIbdn. Bbncw Im°Iƒ]ds∂Øn. sIm®SnIƒ h®v sIm®pIpńIƒ amt©mńseØn. AtXmsS HcpambnI\KcØns‚ `wKn B tXm∏n\p ssIh∂p. Cßs\ Np‰p]mSpIsfD’ml`cnXam°pamdv tX∑mhv êkar≤ambn \n¬°ptºmgmWv ]mXh°sØI¬®ofpIƒ°v NndIpapf®Xv (GsXm∂n\pw NndIpapfbv°p∂ ImeamWt√mhk¥w).

I√pIƒ Nodn∏m™p. tX∑mhv iq\yambn. B amºg°mew Ign™t∏mƒ tX∑mhvkz¿temI\SbnseØn (Iepjamw kz¿temIsa∂mWv Ihn]tbmKw. km[phmbtX∑mhn\pt]mepw CXb[nIw thZ\ A\p`hnt°≠nhcp∂Xv ImtW≠n-h∂Xn\memhmw kz¿temIwt]mepw IepjambXv). amhv hk¥tØmSvX\n°n\nbpw kêP∑w X∂mepsa∂v A`y¿Yn°p∂p (ê]Zsa∂pw ]gßƒ\nd™sX∂pap≈ c≠¿Yhpw ChnsS kwKXamWv). CXptI´ hk¥tZh≥"thsd¥p≈q hcsa¶¬' F∂v BtImin®psIm≠v, "C\nbpan\nbpw thZ\Iƒ°pth≠nbmtWm \ns‚ ]m¿Y\?' F∂p tNmZn°pIbmWp≠mbXv (thZ\Isfmgn-

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47

s™mcp kêPohnXw km[ya√ F∂ BibtØmsSm∏w kêPohnXØn¬thZ\ A\p`hnt°≠nhcp∂Xnse sshcp[ytØmSp≈ hk¥tZhs‚AklnjvWpXbpw ChnsS [z\n°p∂p. Iepjamw kz¿temIsa∂ Ihn]tbmKhpwChnsS tN¿Øphmbnt°≠XmWv). F∂m¬ shbn¬hoW XfncneIƒ CfIpamdvB amhv ]d™p:

""kar≤nX≥ IÆoscX ]pfn®mepw hcw; Atøm,ZcnZs‚ achn∏mWkl\obw''

ZmcnZyØns‚ AYhm \njvêXbpsS achn∏mWv Akl\obw F∂pwkar≤nbpsS AYhm kêXbpsS IÆo¿∏pfn∏mWv tijvTsa∂pap≈ amhns‚adp]Sn alØmb Hcp PohnXho£WamIp∂p.

]cnanXamb Hscm‰b¿YØnte°v Npcpßp∂hb√ \√ IhnXIƒ. hymJym\km[yXbpsS At\Iw AScpIfp≈ k¿Kkr„nIfmWh. Hmtcm hmb\bnepwsshhn[yam¿∂ Bibßfnte°pw A\p`qXnIfnte°pw Ah hmb\°msc\bn°p∂p. Cu \nebv°v "AtX ]m¿Y\' bnse tX∑mhns\ hniIe\w sNømw.KmaoWtIcfØns‚ hr£\n_nUXbn¬\n∂v F¥psIm≠mhmw CSt»cnamhns\Øs∂ Xncs™SpØXv? CXp tIhew bmZr—nIa√. Xs‚ k¿KmflIPohnXØns‚bpw ]IrXnZ¿i\Øns‚bpw XØzt_m[Øns‚bpw Xeßƒ[z\n∏n°m≥ ]cym]vXamsbmcp ]XoIambmWv Ihn amhns\ ImWp∂Xv.CSt»cn°v amhv, am\hobhpw tIcfobhpamb aqeyk¶¬∏ßfpsS ]XoI-hr£amWv.

"AtX ]m¿Y\' F∂ IhnXbnse amhv shdpsamcp amh√. AXn\∏pdap≈hnh£Iƒ AXv Dƒs°m≈p∂p≠v. Hcp IhnbpsS k¿KmflIPohnXØns‚bmX\Isfbpw [\yXsbbpw ]Xnên∏n°m≥ ]cym]vXamb IhnXbmWnXv.]q°pIbpw Imbv°pIbpw êw \¬IpIbpw sNøpI F∂ ImhyhrØnbn¬BÀmZn°pIbpw AÆmd°Æ∑mcpw Im°Ifpw sIm®pIpńIfpamIp∂BkzmZI¿ h∂ptNcp∂Xn¬ B\µ\n¿hrXn A\p`hn°pIbpw It√dpIfmIp∂hna¿i\ßsf Xs‚ PohnX[\yXbpsS `mKambn°mWpIbpw sNøp∂ tX∑mhvHcp IhnbpsS k¿KmflIPohnXsØ ]Xnên∏n°p∂p≠v. amXa√, amhvGXpXcw k¿KmflIPohnXØns‚bpw ]XoIambnØocp∂p≠nhnsS. bmX\IfpwthZ\Ifpw G‰phmtß≠nhcptºmgpw k¿KmflIPohnXsØ ho≠pw ho≠pwhcn°m\mKln°p∂ a\pjytNX\sbØs∂bmWv Ihn ImWp∂Xv.

Ihn tX∑mhmWv; IhnXIƒ amºgßfpw. amhn≥tXm∏v ambnI\KchpamIp∂pF∂ I¬∏\ IhnX ]Icp∂ AeuInIm\µsØ kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v. F∂m¬,\nd™ amhn\pt\sc Nodn∏mbp∂ Icn¶¬®ofpItfm? am¿Zhhpw hnthN\-hpan√mØ IhnXmhna¿i\ßfmhmw B It√dpIƒ. ]t£, Cu hna¿i\ßsf`b∂p ]n∑mdmt\m Hfnt®mSmt\m Dƒhenbmt\m Ihn Xbmd√. Imbv® amhnteIt√dp≈q F∂ bmYm¿YysØ AwKoIcn°m\pw AXns\bpw Dƒs°m≠p Xs∂apt∂dm\pap≈ D’mlamWv ChnsS ImWm\mhpI. It√td‰p Ic™p\n¬°p∂tX∑mhne√ IhnX Ahkm\n°p∂Xv. hk¥tZht\mSv C\nbpsa\n°v kêP∑w

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H≥]Xv

XcWta F∂XmWv tX∑mhns‚ ]m¿Y\. k¿KmflIX sh√phnfnIsfbpw]oU\ßsfbpw AXnPohn°m\p≈ IcpØpIqSnbmsW∂v IhnX [z\n∏n°p∂p.Ihna\ ns‚ AXnPoh\ ]m¿Y\bmbn "AtX ]m¿Y\' F∂ IhnX amdp∂p.

IYmflIamb BJym\ssienbmWv "AtX ]m¿Y\'bptSXv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂AXv \mSIobamWv. IY]d®nen¬ IY ]dbp∂bmfpw IY tIƒ°p∂hcpwIYm]mXßfpsams°bp≠v. AhnsS tNmZyßfpw DØcßfpw hcpw. Cßs\kwhmZmflIamIp∂ H∂mWv "AtX ]m¿Y\bpw.' hcØn\pth≠nbp≈]m¿Y\bpw hk¥tZhs‚ tNmZyhpw amhns‚ adp]Snbpsams° tN¿∂v IhnXbv°vat\m-l-c-amb `mhXew \¬Ip∂p.

"amhv ' CSt»cn°hnXIfn¬

CSt»cn°hnXIfn¬ amhv tIhesamcp km∂n[ya√. AXv tIcfobhpwam\hobhpamb ]XoIsa∂ \nebnemWv ]h¿Øn°p∂Xv. "CSt»cnsØmSn' bn¬\ndsb amhpIfp≠v. amhn≥tNmńse \mSIw, ]qØ amhns\∏‰n, ]pfnamhp shńF∂o IhnXIfn¬ amhv io¿jIambnØs∂ IS∂phcp∂p. ]IrXnNqjWØns\Xnscbp≈ `mhXohamb Hcp Xm°oXmWv "]pfnamhp shń' . IpcpØ\mfpsXmńt∂mfw XeIp\n®nSmØ hr≤t\mS,v ]pfnamhnt\mSv Aßsb shńbn´v"a¿Xy≥ t\SnbXv A©p Imin≥ ssIhey'sa∂v ]cnX]n°p∂p≠v, Cu IhnXbn¬.]kvXpXm¿YØn¬ bYmXYambn amXa√, ]XoIm¿YØnepw amhpIƒCSt»cn°hnXIfn¬ Xebpb¿Øn\n¬∏p≠v. "sXmgpssItbmsS' F∂ IhnXbn¬"hnlmb p ]nf¿∂pbcpw sImºpIƒ / aloXew Xpc∂ndßpw thcpIƒ' F∂pIhn ]Io¿Øn°p∂ "]pcmX\maw' (apXn¿∂ amhv) X\n°v BZcWob\mb]finXtijvT≥ D≈mń¬ tKmhnµ≥Ipń\mbcmWv. "Im‰pw shfn®hpw' F∂IhnXbnse sImSp¶m‰nepw t]amcnbnepw AS¿∂phoWpt]mhmsX I∂nImbv®DÆn°pcp∂pIsf ImØpt]mcp∂ amhn≥ssX Zp¿_eXsb AXnPohn°p∂amXrXzkn≤nsb∂ CSt»cnbpsS C„k¶¬∏Øn¬\n∂v \msºSpØXtX.

"]mSØn≥ Icbv°nXp \n¬∏q/\ΩpsS IpSnen∂Sbmfw' F∂p Ihn hntijn-∏n°p∂Xv \m´pamhns\bmWv. tIcfob KmaPohnXØns‚ kê-]XoIamhm≥amhnt\mfw t]mcp∂ as‰mcp acan√. Np\bpw ]pfnbpw C\n∏psams°BthmfaXnep≠v. DZmcXsb∂ Kmae£Ww XnI™p\n¬°p∂Xpwamhn¬Øs∂. BcpsS sXmSnbn¬\n∂mepw hogp∂ amºgw F√mcptS -Xpambncp∂t√m.

amhns‚ hn]peamb km∂n[yw aebmfIhnXbnep≠v. sshtem∏n≈n°hnXIfn¬K‘_nw_ambn amºqaWw A\p`hn°mw. IpSnsbmgn°¬, Du™men¬,IÆo¿∏mSw, bpK]cnh¿Ø\w apXemb IhnXIƒ DZmlcWßƒ. "amºgw' F∂IhnX B¿°pw hnkvacn°m\mhmØXmWt√m. ]n.Ip™ncma≥\mbcpsS"sImSpØpapSn™ amhv' F∂ ]tbmKhpw Hm¿°mw. ImatZhs‚ A©ºpIfn¬H∂v amºqhmsW∂mWp k¶¬∏w.


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49

]IrXnbpw a\pjytNX\bpw

k¿KmflIPohnXØns‚ ]XoIsa∂ \nebv°mWt√m "AtX ]m¿Y\' F∂IhnX ]cntim[n®Xv. hm°pIfpw ]tbmKßfpw am\pjnIamb A¿YØn¬HuNnXy]q¿hw hn\ykn®psIm≠mWv Ihn AXp km[n®ncn°p∂Xv. AtXkabwXs∂ ]mcnÿnXnIamsbmcp hmb\bpw ChnsS km[yamWv. Imhym¥co£kr„nbnemWv AXv ]ISamhp∂Xv. amhv F∂ _nw_w Xs∂ ]mcnÿnXnIamWv.hk¥hpw ]q¶peIfpw th\epw Im‰pw tXm∏pw AÆmd°Æ∑mcpw Im°Ifpw]`mXhpw Xfncpsams°t®¿∂ tIcfob]cnÿnXn ChnsS ]^p√ambn\n¬°pIbmWv. amXhpa√, Chsb√mw tN¿∂p≠mIp∂ ]mckv]cyhpw B]mckv]cyØn¬ hnIkn°p∂ k¿KmflIXbpw AXns‚ B\µhpw ChnsSZriyamWv. ]IrXnbpsS hn]peamb k¿KmflIXbpsS `mKambn hnIkn-°p∂XmWv am\pjnIk¿KmflIX F∂Xpw it≤bamWv. F√m ]Xn -IqemhÿIsfbpw k¿KmflIam°nam‰p∂ ]IrXnbmWv a\pjytNX-\bnepw]h¿Øn°p∂Xv F∂p ImWm\pw hnjaan√.

]th-iI]h¿Ø\w

]th-i-I-ambn \¬In-bn-cn -°p∂ Ihn-Xm-i-Iew Ipń -Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambnhmbn-°p∂p.

$ Infn \Sp-ßm≥ Imc-W-sa-¥m-bn-cn°pw?

$ \nß-sf≥ temI-sØ-sb¥p sNbvXp? F∂ tNmZy-Ønse "temIw' ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂-sX-¥n-s\-sbms°?

XpS-ßnb tNmZy-ß-fp-∂-bn®v N¿®.

$ Ip™p-ßsf ImWp-∂n√.

$ IqSv ImWp-∂n√.

$ ac-sØ-Øs∂ ImW-p∂n√.

$

Infn-bpsS Ip™p-ßfpw IqSpw achpw amX-a√, ]£n-I-fpsS Bhm-k-hy-hÿXs∂C√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p∂p. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-Xs∂ XI¿°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

Infn-bpsS tNmZy-tØmSp≈ Ipń-I-fpsS ]Xn-I-cWw N¿®sNøp-∂p. Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

$ a\p-jy¿ CØcw ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-tºmgpw ]IrXn \ap°v ]I¿∂p\¬Ip∂ ]mT-sa-¥mWv?

"AtX ]m¿Y\' F∂ IhnX hmbn-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

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H≥]Xv

kmam\ymibw Is≠Ømw

IpńIƒ IhnXsNm√n AhXcn∏n°p∂p.

kmam\ymibw kzX¥ambn Is≠Øm≥ Ahkcw \¬Imw.

XpS¿∂v N¿®.

PohnX]mTw

""Bcs√≥ Kpcp\mY- ˛cmcs√≥ Kpcp\mY¿?]mcnXnse√msas∂]Tn∏n°p∂ps≠t¥m!''

(Fs‚ hnZymebw -˛ Hf-∏-a-Æ)

Hf∏aÆbpsS IhnXm`mKw AhXcn∏n®v N¿®sNøp∂p.

IhnXbn¬ kqNn∏n°p∂ Kpcp\mY¿ Bscms°bmWv?

Ah¿ Fs¥ms° ]mTßfmWv \sΩ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv?

$ ]IrXnXs∂bmWv Kpcp\mY¿.

$ ]IrXnbn¬\n∂p \mw Hcp]mSp ]mTßƒ ]Tn°p∂p.

$ ]d™m¬ XocmØX Imcyßƒ.

$ hmbn®mepw hmbn®mepw XocmØ ]mT]pkvXIsa∂pw ]IrXnsb hntijn-∏n°mdp≠t√m.

]mT`mKØv CØcw Bibßƒ hcp∂ hcnIƒ IpńIƒ Is≠Øs´.

Is≠Ønb hcnIƒ hniIe\w sNøm≥ Ahkcw \¬Ip∂p.

""kar≤n ap‰nSpw tXmdpw Ip\nbpsI∂dnhp‰m-˛

c\[ymbw ]Tn∏n®nXXns\®q≠n ''

A\[ymbw F∂ ]tbmKØns‚ khntijX N¿®sNømw.

"A[yb\w' A\[yb\w F∂o hm°pIƒ XΩn¬ F¥mWv hyXymkw?

hnZymebØn¬\n∂p e`n°p∂ Hu]NmcnIhnZym`ymkw A[yb\w.

]IrXnbn¬\n∂v kzm`mhnIambn e`n°p∂Xv (A\p`hßfn¬\n∂p e`n°p∂Xv)A\[yb\w.

AXnPoh\Øn\p≈ ]mTw ]IrXnbn¬\n∂p e`n°p∂p.

$ ]IrXnbn¬\n∂v Fs¥ms° ]mTßƒ ]Tn®p F∂mWv IhnX ImńØcp∂Xv?N¿®sNømw.


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51

$ DbcØnseØpt¥mdpw Ffna D≠mIpsa∂ ]mTw.

$ sImSpwNqtS‰pw a‰p≈h¿°mbn G‰hpw anI®Xp Xs∂ \¬IWsa∂ amhns‚tamlw.

$ _p≤nap´pIƒ Gsd kln®pw ]ns∂bpw ]q°m\p≈ BKlw.

$ \¬Ip∂Xns‚ thZ\ B\µIcamWv, BflkwXr]vXn \¬Ip∂XmWv.

e`n® Bibßƒ D]tbmKs∏SpØn IpńIƒ Ipdn∏pIƒ Xbmdm°s´.

I¬∏\m`wKn

""XpwKamw ao\®qSm¬ ssXamhn≥ acXI˛

°nßnWn kuK‘nIkz¿WambvØocpw aptº''

Cu IhnXm`mKw AhXcn∏n®tijw CXnt\mSv kmZriyap≈ hcnIƒ ]mT`mKØp\n∂p Is≠Øm≥ ]d-bmw.

""th\¬ Npg∂qXnbXn≥ \nt£]tamtcm∂pwamWnIycXv\ßfmIm≥ apXn¿t∂bp≈q''

hcnIfnse kmZriyI¬∏\bnse `wKn N¿®sNøp∂p.

$ ]®amß ]gpØamßbmbn amdnbXns\ c≠p IhnXIfnepw Fßs\bmWvBhnjvIcn®ncn°p∂Xv?

$ ao\®qSm¬ acXI°nßnWn kuK‘nIkz¿WamIp∂p.

ao\®qSns‚ XohX, IÆnamßbpsS hep∏hpw \ndhpw, InßnWn F∂p]dbp∂XneqsS e`n°p∂ B`cW`wKn, kz¿W\ndam°nam‰p∂ ]IrXnbpsSam¥nIX, kpK‘sa∂ A[nIam\w...

]®amß sImSnb th\¬®qtS‰mWv ]gpØv kz¿Wh¿Wamb a[pc-êßfm-Ip∂Xv.

th\eqXnbqXn amhns‚ \nt£]ßƒ amWnIycXv\ßfm°p∂p.

tNm∂ ]q¶peIfpw th\¬°m‰ns‚ km∂n[yhpw, ImbvIƒ ]gp°m\mhiyambNqSv, \nt£]ßƒ F∂ ]tbmKØns‚ khntijX, amWnIycXv\ßfm°p∂]IrXnbpsS am¥nIX, amWnIycXv\Øns‚ aqeyw...

(\n[nbpsS Imh¬°mcmb k¿∏ßƒ DuXnbqXn sXfns®SpØXmWvamWnIycXv\sa∂ sFXnlyw Ihnsb kzm[o\n®ncn°mw).

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H≥]Xv

I¬∏\m`wKnbp≈ IqSpX¬ hcnIƒ Is≠Ømw

""Ab¬h°Ø∂p hgn∏Wn°pS®nt´m---- -˛cpcpf≥I√pIƒs°ms°®ndIpw h∂p''

"I√pIƒ°p NndIpwh∂p' F∂ ]tbmKØns‚ kqNnXm¿Ysa¥v? HuNnXysa¥v?

$ NndIpw h∂p F∂Xv ]£nIfpsS hchns\ Hm¿an∏n°p∂p.

- ]£nIƒ hcp∂Xv ]gpØ amß Ign°m\mWv.

˛ IpńIƒ Is√dnbp∂Xpw amºgw hogvØn Ign°m≥ Xs∂bmWv.

CXp c≠pw amhns\ kw_‘n®nStØmfw Hcpt]mse kt¥mjIcamWv.

IpńIƒ Iq´ptN¿∂v amt©mń¬ kr„n°p∂ D√mk`cnXamb A¥co£hpwChnsS tN¿Øphmbn°mw.

"hgn∏Wn°pS®nt´mcpcpf≥I√pIƒ' ˛ ChnsS hy‡amIp∂ BibXew N¿®sNømw.

hgn∏Wn°pS®n´ I√pIƒ, hgnsh´pI F∂ ]Inb, IhnXbnte°p≈ hgnsh´p∂\ncq]Ww/ hna¿i\w, hm°pIƒsIm≠p≈ It√dv, tX∑mhpw Ihnbpw Hcpt]mseIt√dns\ kzoIcn°p∂Xv.

hna¿i\ßsf AXnPohn®v ho≠pw ho≠pw Xs‚ Imhyhr£Øn¬ a[pcêßƒ\ndbv°pIbmWv Ihn.

Ihnbpw IhnXbpw

""kar≤nX≥ IÆoscX ]pfn®mepw hcw; Atøm,ZcnZs‚ achn∏mWkl\obw!''

$ kar≤nX≥ IÆo¿ F∂XpsIm≠v F¥mWv A¿Yam°p∂Xv?

$ IÆocns‚ ]pfn∏v F∂ ]tbmKØns‚ HuNnXyw F¥v?

$ IÆocns‚ ]pfn∏v kzoImcyamIp∂sX¥psIm≠v?

$ ZcnZs‚ achn∏v F¥mWv?

$ AXv Akl\obsa∂p ]dbm≥ ImcWsa¥mbncn°mw?

kar≤nbnepw G¬t°≠nhcp∂ It√dpIƒ, AXn¬ \n∂pap≠mIp∂ k¶Sw

IÆocns‚ cpNn, Ibv]≥ A\p`hsØ abs∏SpØnsbSp°p∂ kao]\w

bmX\bv°p ImcWamIp∂Xv kar≤nbmWt√m F∂ A`nam\hpw BÀmZhpwkar≤n Xs‚ k¿KmflIXbmWv F∂ Xncn®dnhv (Imbp≈ amhnte Is√dnbqF∂ sNm√v Hm¿°mw).


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53

ZmcnZyw F√m k¿KmflIXsbbpw achn∏n°p∂p.

k¿KmflIa√mØ PohnXsØ°pdn®v BtemNn°mt\ Ihn°v BIp∂n√.

AXXbv°v Akl\obamWv.

$ tX∑mhv IhnbpsSbpw amºgw IhnXbpsSbpw ]XoIamhp∂ XcØn¬Fs¥√mw kqN\Iƒ IhnXbnep≠v? hniIe\w sNøpI.

klmbIKŸßfpw sh_vssk‰pw

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9 ]q°mXncn°ms\\n°mhXnt√ ˛ Aø∏∏Wn°¿

10 Fs‚ hnZymebw ˛ Hf∏aÆ

11 CSt»cn : IhnXbpw PohnXhpw ˛ ]n. IrjvWhmcy¿

12 www.edasseri.org

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• Ihn-X-bnse Bi-bw,Imhy-`wKn F∂nhIs≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒhmbn-®m-kz-Zn®v Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ, eLp-\n-cq-]-W-ßƒ F∂nh Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

$ kmaq-lnI-]m-[m-\y-ap≈hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \S-Øp∂ skan-\m-dn¬]s¶-SpØv Bi-b-ßƒAh-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

• ]tbm-K-`wKnIs≠-Ø¬

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$ skan-\m¿

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$ Xmc-Xayw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ kqN-I-ßƒIs≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

$ `n∂m-`n-]m-b-ßsf]cn-K-Wn-®n- p-≠v.

$ Bkzm-Z-\mw-i-ßƒIs≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

$ DNn-X-amb mj-mL-S\

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$ Ihn-bpsS Imhy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kqN-\-I-f-S-ßn-bn-´p-≠v.

$ khn-ti-j-]-tbm-K-ßƒ Ihn-Xbv°v Na¬°m-c-`wKn\¬Ip-∂p.

$ h©n-∏m-ńs‚ CuWhpw\tXm-∂-X -hr-Øhpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ skan-\m¿kw-Lm-S-\-Øn\vhnhn-[- L-´-ß-fp-≠v.

$ Bi-b-kw-hm-Z-Øn-\p≈ Hcpam¿K-amWv skan-\m¿.

$ ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw kmln-XyhpwXΩn¬ _‘-ap-≠v.

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$ Ihn-X, IY, k©m-c-km-lnXyw F∂n-h-bpsSkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏´v Ah-bnse Bi-b-ßƒ, ]tbm-K-ßƒ,ssien-Iƒ F∂nh]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn cN-\-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p.

• Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v

$ hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v

• eLp\ncq-]WwXbm-dm-°¬

Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v

$ Bkzm-Z-\mw-i-ßƒIs≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

$ DNn-X-amb `mj, LS\

hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v

$ hni-I-e\°pdn∏v

$ kz¥w \nco-£Ww

$ DNn-X-amb mj

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$ BapJw

$ D≈-S-°w

$ kz¥w \nco-£Ww

$ D]-kw-lmcw

• Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v

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• ]mcn-ÿn-XnIZ¿i-\w ]ta-b-am-hp∂ \nc-h[nIY-I-fp≠v.

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$ PohnXw ]Xymim\n¿ -c-amWv.

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$ a\- n¬ \∑bpw B¿Z-Xbpw kq£n-°p-∂-h¿°vIpSpw-_-_-‘-ß-fpw Dujva-f-am°mw.

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$ k©mckmln-Xy-N-cn-Xw, khn-ti-j-X-IƒF∂nh ]cn-N-b-s∏´vAh-bnse Bi-b-ßƒ,]tbm-K-ßƒ, ssien-Iƒ, hmMva-b-Nn-X-ßƒ,Imhym-fl-I-amb mjF∂nh ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ `mj, kmln-Xyw,kwkvImcw F∂n-h-bpsS ]tXy-I-X-Ifpw]c-kv]-c-_-‘hpw Xncn-®-dn™v hni-I-e\wsNbvXv hnhn[ hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-fn-eqsS ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

• Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏vXbm-dm-°¬

$ io¿j-I-Øns‚HuNnXywIs≠-Ø¬

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$ bmXm-\p- hw ]I-cp∂hmMva-b-Nn-X-ßƒ k©m-c-km-ln-XysØ A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-°p-∂p.

$ Imhym-fl-I-amb mjXncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

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57

Hcp bmXm-]-Y-Øn-eqsS c≠p -bm-Xn-I¿

A\y\mSp-Iƒ, Ahn-SpsØ P\-X, Ahn-SpsØ kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI Ah-ÿ-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v Adn-bm-\p≈ BKlw GsXmcp hy‡n-bn-ep-ap-≠v. temIwssIhn-c¬Øpºn-se-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ap≥]v ae-bm-f-Øn¬\n∂p temIw ImWm-\n-d-ßn-b-h¿ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. A\p-`-hn-®-dn™ temIsØ, AXns‚ sshhn-[ysØ,kwkvIm-c-ßfpsS, hyXy-kvX-Xsb hmb-\-°m¿°v A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-°m≥ Ign-™-h-cmWv anI® k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Im-c∑m¿.

bmX-bpsS ùXn-I-hiw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn¬ amXw HXp-ßn-\n¬°p-tºmƒkmwkvIm-cn-I-t_m-[hpw Ncn-Xt_m-[-hp-ap≈ bmXn-Is‚ a\ v F√m AXn¿h-c-ºp-I-sfbpw t`Zn-°p-∂p. bmXm-\p-`-h-ßƒ ]I¿∂p-X-cp∂ \hym-\p-`qXn-Iƒ˛-A-hhm°p-I-fn-te°v ]k-cn-∏n-°m≥ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs\ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

bmXm-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ ]e Xc-ap-≠v. hkvXp-\n-jvT-am-b-h, hn⁄m\w ]I-cp-∂-h,Bflmwiw \nd™p\n¬°p-∂-h, Ncn-X-Ønepw kwkvIm-c-Ønepw Du∂n\n¬°p-∂-h, I≠p-ap-ńb a\p-jy¿, tZiw, NcnXw F∂nh \nd™p\n¬°p-∂h ˛ Ch-bvs°√mw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ amXr-I-I-fp-≠v.

BZy-bm-Xm-hn-h-cWKŸ-amb ]mtd-am-°¬ tXmam-IØ\mcpsS "h¿Ø-am-\-∏p-kvXIw' apX¬ ASp-Ø-Im-eØv ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb kt¥mjv G®n-°m-\-Øns‚ "]md-°t√m GX≥kv' hsc \nc-h[n bmXm-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ \nd™p\n¬°p∂p.

\nc-h[n k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cp-s≠-¶nepw "temIw apgp-h≥ Rm≥ Np‰n-°-≠p.AXym-\-µ-tØmsS, Bfl-\n¿hr-Xn-tbm-sS. Btcm-Kyhpw kml-Ncyhpw A\p-h-Zn-°p-sa-¶n¬ C\nbpw k©mcw XpScpw''- F∂p ]d™p Fkv.-sI.- s]ms‰-°m v. bmXm-\p-`-h-ßƒ bmXm-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ°p amX-a√, anI® IY-Iƒ°pw t\mh-ep-Iƒ°pwhnj-b-am-°m≥ s]ms‰-°m-ń\p Ign-™p. "Idmºq' F∂ t\mh-ens‚ Im≥hmkv]q¿W-ambpw B^n-°-bm-Wv. Gjy, B^n-°, bqtdm∏v F∂o `qJ-fi-ß-fn¬s]ms‰-°m´vv aq∂v h¿jtØmfw ]cy-S\w \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ]pXp-abpw Du¿P-kz-e-Xbpw \nd™ s]ms‰-°mńs‚ BJym-\-ßƒ hmb-\-°m-c\v Zriym-\p- hw \¬Ip∂p.

k©m-csØ Ie-bmbn kzoI-cn® Fkv.-sI. -s]m-s‰-°m´v Adp-]Xp h¿j-ßƒ°pap≥]v B^n-°-bpsS Ing-°≥XocØp≈, samkmw-_n-bn¬\n∂p ]pd-s∏´v hS°vCuPn-]vXp-hsc bmXsNbvX ]mX-I-fn-eqsS a‰p ae-bm-fn-I-fmcpw k©-cn-®-Xns‚

sh≈-®m- -Øns‚ CSn-ap-g°w

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tcJ-I-fn-√. s]ms‰-°m´v k©-cn® B^n-°-bpsS C∂sØ kzcq]w At\z-jn®vIYm-Im-c≥ k°-dnb Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Fkv.sIbpsS Xqen-I- \n¿Ωn® hnkvabtemI-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω-Ifpw ]n∂oSp e`n® A\-h[n B^n-°≥ ]Xn-—m-b-I-fpwcmjvSob hni-I-e-\hpw IqSn-t®¿∂v a\- n¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb Hcp NnX-amWv k°-dn-b- "Hcp B^n-°≥bmXbneqsS' Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

Fkv.-sI.-s]m-s‰-°m-ńs‚ BZy-hn-tZ-i-bmX B^n-°-bnte°m-bn-cp-∂p. 1949 ¬t_mws_ Xpd-ap-J-Øp-\n∂v I∏¬am¿Kw ]Øp-Zn-hkw k©-cn®v samkmw-_n-°nse"samw_mk' Xpd-apJw hgn At±lw B^n-°-bn-se-Øn. "Ccp≠ `qJfiw' F∂vhnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´ \mSns‚ kwkvImcsshhn-[y-hpw h\y-ku-µ-cyhpw tXSn-bp≈kml-kn-I-bmX HºXpamkw \o≠p \n∂p. samkmw-_n-Iv, aem-hn, Sm≥km-\n-b,sI\nb, kpUm≥, DKm≠ XpS-ßnb cmPy-ß-fn-eqsS 11000 ssa¬ At±lw CuIme-b-f-hn¬ k©-cn-®p. HSp-hn¬ Ae-Ivkm-≥Unb hgn C‰-en-bn-te°v k©m-c-]Yw \o≠p.

tImf-\n-hm-gvN-bpsS, Nqj-W-Øns‚ ]c-a-tIm-Sn-bn-emWv Fkv.-sI.-s]m-s‰-°m v B^n-°-bnseØp∂-Xv. "Im∏n-cn-I-fpsS \mń¬' F∂mWv B^n-°≥bmXsb At±lwhnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp P\-X-bpsS kwkvIm-csØ, Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-sb, kzmX-¥ysØ XI¿Øv Ah-cpsS J\n-I-fn¬\n∂v kz¿Whpw cXv\hpw Aaq-ey-amba‰p kº-Øp-°fpw sIm≈-b-Sn-°p∂ Incm-X-hmgvN At±lw t\cn¬°≠p.t]m¿®pKo-kv, s\X¿em≥Uvkv, ^m≥kv, Cw•-≠v, s_¬Pnbw F∂o cmPy-ß-fpsStImf-\n-I-fm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ B^n-°. kPo-h-amb C¥y≥km∂n[yw A°m-eØv B^n-°-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ae-bm-fn-I-fp-sSbpw KpP-dm-Øn-I-fp-sSbpw BXnYywFkv.sI.bpsS bmX-bn-ep-S-\ofw e`n-®p.

2001 ¬ k°-dnb Fkv.sI. s]ms‰-°m-ńs‚ k©m-c-]-Y-Øn-eqsS B^n-°-bnte°pXncn-°p-tºmƒ temIw BtKm-f-Km-a-ambn amdn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. \h-km-t¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS klm-b-Øm¬ hm¿Øm-hn-\n-a-b-˛-am-[y-a-kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fpw KXm-KXkuI-cy-ßfpw ASn-apSn amdn. B^n-°-bpsS cmjvSob`q]Sw Xs∂ amdnadn-™p. sdmtUjy--knw_m_vshbpw \yqkn-em‚ v-a-em-hn-bpw Sm¶-\n-° -Sm≥km-\nb-bmbpw amdn. AXn-cp-Ifpw amdn. B^n-°≥ h≥Ic sshtZ-in-Im-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬\n∂v ]q¿W-tam-N\wt\Sn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p.

s]ms‰-°m-ńs‚ ]mX ]q¿W-ambpw ]n¥p-S-cm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xn-ep≈ ZpxJw k°-dn-b-bv°p-≠v. kpUm-\n-epw aem-hn-bnepw At±-l-Øn\v ]th-i\w \ntj-[n-°-s∏- p. ]Icwt_mSvkzm-\bpw Z£n-Wm-^n-°bpw I≠mWv k°-dnb aS-ßp-∂-Xv.

bqtdm-∏n¬\n∂v tIhew Ccp-]-Xp-In-tem-ao-‰¿ AIew t]mep-an-√mØ B^n-°≥h≥I-csb "Ccp≠ `qJfi'sa∂v bqtdm-]y¿ \nµn-®Xv F¥n-s\∂ hna¿i\w k°-dnb Db¿Øp-∂p-≠v. B^n° ]Im-i-Øns‚ h≥I-c-bm-sW-∂mWv At±-l-Øns‚hmZw. bqtdm-∏n-s\-°mƒ ]Im-i-am-\-amWv F°m-eØpw B^n-°. ]pXnb hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ, Xt±-iob `c-W-IqSw, cmjvSo-b-\n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ, cq]-s∏´ k¶-c-kw-kvIm-cw, A[n-ImctIµ-ßƒ F∂nh hni-Z-ambn "Hcp B^n-°≥ bmX'-bn¬Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

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59

B^n-°≥ tZikwkvIr-Xnsb ImgvNmhnti-j-ßsf tIc-fob]cn-k-c-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p∂ s]ms‰-°m-ńs‚ ssienXs∂bmWv k°-dn-bbpw ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xv. s]ms‰-°m-ń-s\-t∏mse B^n-°≥ Ncn-X-]m-c-º-cy-sØbpw kwkvIm-c-sØbpw Bg-Øn¬]Tn-®mWv k°-dnb k©m-c-km-lnXycN\ \S-Øp-∂-Xv.

]pXnb B^n-°≥ ImgvN-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw Fkv.-sI.bpsS ImgvN-bn¬ \nd™ Zriy-ßƒ Ct∏mgpw ad-bmsX\n¬°p-∂Xv k°-dnb hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. tIh-e-amb bmXm-Jym-\-ßƒ°-∏pdw Xßƒ Z¿in® A\p-`qXnhnti-j-ßsf hmMvabNnX-ß-fm°nhmb-\-°mc\p ]I¿∂p\¬Ip∂, tZi-sØbpw kwkvIm-c-sØbpw ssh-hn-[y-ß-sfbpw am\-hn-I-Nn-¥-I-sfbpw Bg-Øn¬ Adn-bp∂ ssh⁄m-\nI kw`m-h-\-I-fmWvc≠p bmXm-hn-h-cWIrXn-I-fpw.

Zriy-ß-fpsS hkvXp-\n-jvT-hn-h-c-W-hpw hni-I-e-\hpw NcnX]n≥_-e-tØmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ coXn "hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m´w' F∂ Fkv.-sI.- s]m-s‰-°m-ńs‚ cN-\-bnepw "sh≈-®m-´-Øns‚ CSn-ap-g°w' F∂ k°-dn-b-bpsS cN-\-bnepw ImWmhp-∂-Xm-Wv. hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m-´sØ hmMvabNnX-ß-fm-°p-tºmƒ c≠v Fgp-Øp-Im-cp-sSbpw ]tbm-K-ßƒ hyXy-kvXhpw ck-I-c-hp-am-Wv.

sImtfm-Wn-b¬ Ime-tØm-Sp≈ B^n-°≥bph-Xz-Øns‚ kao-]-\hpw B^n-°≥kzXz-t_m-[hpw k°-dnb hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. \otKm˛Im∏n-cn-]-tbm-K-ßƒ shdp-°p∂]pXnb Xe-apd ªm°vkv (Idp-Ø-h¿) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sm-\mWv BKln-°p-∂-Xv.

sh≈-®m-´-Øns‚ CSn-ap-g°w F∂v k°-dnb hnti-jn-∏n-°p--tºmƒ Bbncw knwl-ß-fpsS H∂n-®p≈ K¿P-\-am-bmWv s]ms‰-°m´v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]pI-a-™n≥tIm´, Pe-[q-fn-I-fpsS Xnc-»oe Fs∂ms° sh-≈-®m- sØ k°-dnb D]-an-°p-tºmƒs]ms‰-°m-ń\v B Zriy-ßƒ "\nem-hn¬ ]m¬°pSw adn-°p∂ t]mep-≈-Xpw \ocm-Wp-°-fpsS Xnc-»o-e-bp-am-Wv, ag-hn√v "cXv\-JNn-X-amb Iam-\'-am-hp-∂p.

Xnc-X-√n-sbm-gp-Ip∂ Pew £p`n-X-hym-f-ß-sf-t∏mse hgn-]n-cn™v ]md-bn-Sp-°p-I-fn¬ ]X™v ]pf-bp-∂p-sh∂v FgpXnb k°-dnb XpS¿∂v s]ms‰-°m-ńs‚ hnh-c-W-amWv FSp-Øp-tN¿°p-∂-Xv :

""hogvN]‰nb kmw_kn Xe-Np-‰-temsS hmbn¬ \pc-∏n-fi-hp-ambn InS∂p apc-fp-∂p. Ftßm- p- \o-ß-W-sa-∂-dn-bmsX hnc-fp-∂p. HSp-hn¬ sas√ Hcp \mK-sØ-t∏mseapºn¬ I≠ Af-bn-te°v Cg™pt]mhp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.'' s]ms‰-°m-ńs‚ h¿W-\m-Nm-Xp-cysØ, kuµ-cy-t_m-[sØ hmb-\-°m¿°pap-ºn¬ Hcn-°¬°qSn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv k°-dn-b.

c≠p cN-\-Ifpw ]e-t∏mgpw ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-am-hp-∂p≠v. ⁄m\m-t\z-j-W-ambnamdp∂ bmXm-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ°v DØ-tam-Zm-l-c-W-amWv k°-dn-b-bpsSbpw s]ms‰-°m-ń-s‚bpw k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ.

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H≥]Xv

Fkv.-sI bpsS bmXm-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ°v khn-ti-j-amb Ncn-X-]m-[m-\y

-ap-≠v. Aº-Xp-I-fnepw Adp-]-Xp-I-fn-ep-am-Wv temI-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬\n∂v G‰-

hp-a-[nIw IrXn-Iƒ ae-bm-f-Øn-te°p hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv.

B≥tU-gvks‚ "b£n-°-Y-Iƒ' apX¬ "aqe-[\'hpw "bp≤hpw kam-[m\'

hpw hsc ae-bm-f-Øn-te°p hs∂-Øn. ]c-tZ-i-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ kmln-Xym-

[n-jvTn-X-amb Ah-t_m[w i‡n-a-Ømb Hcp kmwkvIm-cn-I-X-cwKw tIc-f-

Øn¬ hym]-cn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv s]ms‰-°m´v B^n-

°-bn¬\n∂pw bqtdm∏n¬\n∂pw Ct¥m-t\-jy-bn¬\n∂p-ap≈ ]pXp-abpw

Du¿P-kz-e-Xbpw \nd™ ZrIvkm-£n-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ ae-bm-fn-bpsS IÆp-

sIm≠v I≠v, ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°mbn FgpXn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. ae-bm-fn-bpsS

Ncn-X-Øn-em-Zy-am-bn-cp∂p Ah¿°v Cßs\ hnim-e-amb Hcp ]pdw

temIhnh-cWw as‰mcp ae-bm-fn-bpsS hm°p-I-fn-eqsS e`n-°p-∂-Xv.

(k©m-c-km-lnXyw `mKw ˛1 BapJw. k°-dnb)

]mTm-h-X-cWw

hnIvtSm-dnbmsh≈-®m- -Øns‚ hoUntbm ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. I≠ Zriy-Ønse sh≈-®m-´-Øns‚ kuµcyw BI¿j-I-amb c≠v/aq∂v hmIy-ß-fn¬ Fgp-Xm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. ]c-kv]cw ssIamdn hmbn®v sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. GXm\pw t]¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

hnIvtSm-dnbmsh≈-®m- -sa∂ hnkva-b-I-c-amb uan-I-]-Xn- mkw teJ-Is‚ a\- n¬-D-W¿Ønb hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-ßƒ Fs¥√mamWv?

]mT- mKw hmbn®v Is≠-Øp∂p. (hy‡n-K-Xw). \mev/A©v t]cp≈ Iq -Øn¬ N¿®sNøp-∂p. tImUo-I-cn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Icn-ºm-d-I-fn¬ ]pI-™p-sIm≠v IpØs\ IpXn®pbcp∂ [h-f- n-Øn. sh¨]m-X-bmbn Hgp-In-ho-gp∂ sh≈-®m-´sØ s]mXn-™p-sIm≠v Db-cp-Ibpw Xmgp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Pe-[q-fn-I-fpsS Xnc-»oe Pe-Øns‚ KXn Xmtgt°m tatet°mF∂ aXn-àw D≠m-°p-∂p.

$ Pe-I-Wn-I-I-fpsS ]d-°p-∂- io-e-bn¬ ag-hn-√p-Iƒ P\n-°p-Ibpw ambp-IbpwsNøp-∂p.

$ Xmtg°v ]Xn-°p∂ Pew £p`n-X-hym-f-ß-sf-t∏mse hgn-]n-cn™v ]md-bn-Sp-°p-I-fn-te°v ]X™p]pf-bp-∂-Xmbn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ Xncn-®-dn-hns‚ `mj-Iƒ°v A∏p-d-amWv Pe-]m-X-Øns‚ \n¬∏v.

$ sh≈-®m´w \sΩ InSnewsIm≈n-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ Ag-Ip-sIm≠v Benw-K\w sNøp-Ibpw tImcn-Ø-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$

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61

ImgvN-Iƒ bmXn-Is\ GsX√mw hn[-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p≠v? ]mT-`mKw hni-I-e\w sNbvXv kz¥w \nco-£-W-ßƒ Ipdn-°p-I. (hy‡n-K-Xw). ]c-kv]cw ssIamdnhmbn®v sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. anI-®h Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

bmXm-hn-hcWw Xbm-dm°mw

GsXmcp bmXn-I-s\bpw Aº-c-∏n-°p-Ibpw tImcn-Ø-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m-´sØ teJ-I≥ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\?

A]q¿h-kp-µ-c-amb ]Ir-Xn-]-Xn-`m-ksØ hmb-\-°m-cpsS a\- n¬ angn-thmsS sXfn-°p-∂-Xn\v At±lw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hnti-j-W-ßfpw kmZr-iy-I-ev]-\-Ifpw Fs¥√mw?

tNmZy-ap-∂-bn-°p-∂p.

]mT-`mKw hmbn®v Is≠-Øp-∂p. Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Ic-bn¬\n∂p Ic-bn-te°p ]S¿∂p-In-S∂ \oePe-∏-c∏v H‰-\n-an-j-Øn¬ CSn-ap-g-°-tØmsS AKm-[-X-bn¬ ]md-s°-´p-I-fn¬\n∂v s]mßp∂ ]pI-a-™n≥tIm´-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.

$ sh¨]-X-bmbn Hgp-In-ho-gp∂ sh≈-®m-´sØ s]mXn-™p-sIm≠v Db-cp-IbpwXmgp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Pe-[q-fn-I-fpsS Xnc-»oe Pe-Øns‚ KXn Xmtgt°mtatet°m F∂ aXn-àw \Ωn-ep-≠m-°p-∂p.

$ F¥m-bn-cn°pw ]nf¿∏ns‚ h°n¬\n∂v 350 ASn Xmsg-bp≈ ]mXm-f-Øn-te°vDu¿∂phogp∂ [h-f-[m-c-bpsS kuµ-cy-Øn-\p-≈nse òI-c-kXyw?

$ H‰-°-Sn°v \Ω-tfm \ΩpsS ]nb-s∏´ Ah-b-h-ßtfm F∂-t∂-°p-ambn No¶-Æn-I-fpsS Z¥m-cWy\n_n-U-amb \of≥hm-b-bn-te°v A]-Xy-£-am-Ipw.

$

khn-ti-j-]-tbm-K-ßƒ, hmMva-b-Nn-X-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂v Hmtcm∂p hoXw HmtcmKq∏n\v \¬Ip-∂p.

]tbm-K-k-hn-ti-j-XIfpw Ah-bpsS HuNn-Xyhpw `wKnbpw Is≠-Øp-∂p.Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m-´-ap-W¿Ønb Cµn-bm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ hm°p-I-fn-te°v Bhm-ln-°m≥ FX-tØmfw Ign-™n-´p≠v? \nß-fpsS \nK-a-\-ßƒ ka¿Yn®v Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I. (hy‡n-K-Xw)

GXm\pw t]¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. s]mXp-N¿®.

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H≥]Xv

tImUo-I-cWw

""]t£, \sΩ InSnew sIm≈n-®p-sIm≠pXs∂ sh≈-®m´w AXns‚ Aº-c-∏n-°p∂Ag-Ip-sIm≠v Benw-K\w sNøp-Ibpw tImcn-Ø-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p''-˛ k°-dnb hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m-´sØ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ `mj CØ-c-Øn¬ \sΩtImcn-Ø-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v, hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m-´-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Fkv.-sI. -s]m-s‰-°m-ń-s‚bpw k°-dn-b-bp-sSbpw hmIy-ßƒ ˛ ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p ˛

hogvN-]-‰nb kmw_kn XeNp‰-temsS hmbn¬ \pc-∏n-fi-hp-ambn InS∂p apc-fp∂p; Ftßm´p \oß-W-sa-∂-dn-bmsX hnc-fp-∂p. HSp-hn¬ sas√ Hcp \mK-sØ-t∏mse apºn¬ I≠ Af-bn-te°v Cg™p t]mhp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p...

˛ Fkv.-sI.-s]m-s‰°m´v

sh¨]-X-bmbn Hgp-In-ho-gp∂ sh≈-®m-´sØ s]mXn-™p-sIm≠v Db-cp-IbpwXmgp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Pe-[q-fn-I-fpsS Xnc-»oe Pe-Øns‚ KXn Xmtgt°mtatet°m F∂ aXn-àw \Ωn-ep-≠m-°p-∂p. Pe-I-Wn-I-I-fpsS Cu ]d-°p∂ioe-bpsS hºn® hnkvXr-Xn-bn¬ ag-hn-√p-Iƒ P\n-°p-Ibpw ambp-IbpwsNøp∂p.

˛ k°-dnb

hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m-´-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ AXn-kq-£va-ambpw lrZy-ambpwAh-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v cs≠-gp-Øp-Imcpw kzoI-cn® cN-\m-X-¥-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

N¿®

tImUo-I-c-Ww

$ kmw_kn\Znsb Hcp òI-c-k-¿∏-tØm-SmWv D]-an-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Db-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v Xmtg°p ]Xn-°p∂ kmw_-kn-sb òI-c-k¿∏-Øns‚ `mh-N-e-\-ß-fn-eqsS AXn-kq-£va-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. hmbnse \pc-∏n-fiw, Xe-Np-‰¬,hnc-fepw Cg-b-epw HSp-hn¬ Af-bn-te-°p≈ Cg-™p-t]m-I-ep-sa√mw Hcp Ne-®n-X-Øn-se-∂-t]mse hmb-\-°m-cs‚ a\- n¬ sXfn-bp-∂p.

$ sh≈-®m-´-Øns‚ Hmtcm Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb \nan-jhpw Ne-®n-X-Øn-se-∂-t]mse Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p. Db-cp-Ibpw Xmgp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Pe-[q-fn-I-fpsSXnc-»o-e-bn¬ ag-hn-√p-Iƒ P\n-°p-Ibpw ambp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ImgvN-°m-c-\n¬sh≈-®m´w krjvSn-°p∂ aXn-`-ahpw Xs‚ Cµn-bm-\p-`q-Xn-Ifpw lrZ-bm-h¿P-Iamb hmMvabNnX-ß-fmbn amdp∂p k°-dn-b-bpsS h¿W-\-bn¬.

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63

hmb-\-bp-sSbpw N¿®-I-fp-sSbpw shfn-®-Øn¬ hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m-´-sØ-°p-dn®v Ipń-Iƒ Fgp-Xnb hmIy-ßƒ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-gp-Xp-∂p. GXm\pw t]¿Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v Ipń-I-fpsS bmXm-\p-`-hsØ lrZy-ambn Bhn-jvIcn-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. (hy‡n-K-Xw)

ssIamdn hmbn®v sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

bmX-∏-Xn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬°pdn∏v Xbm-dm°mw

bmX-bpsS e£y-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

bmXm-hn-h-cWßfpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥ms°?

tNmZy-ßƒ Hmtcm-∂mbn D∂-bn-°p-∂p.


$ bmXn-Is‚ Cµn-bm-\p-`qXn hmb-\-°m-c\p ]I¿∂p \¬Ip-∂p.

$ hmb-\-°m-cs\ A\p-bm-Xn-I-\m-°p-∂p.

$ k©mcn I≠ \mSns‚ ]Ir-Xn-`w-Kn, Pohn-X-co-Xn-Iƒ, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ,Ncn-Xw, ]mc-º-cyw, `qan-im-kvX-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, kmaq-lnIhyhÿcmjvSob˛kmº-ØnI Ah-ÿ-Iƒ F∂nh kw_-‘n® [mc-W-Iƒ e`n-°p∂p.

$ kmaq-lnI ˛ kmwkvIm-cnI Ah-ÿ-Isf hna¿i-\-]-c-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.

kmaq-ln-I-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI hni-I-e-\hpw hna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb hne-bn-cp-Øepw CubmXmhn-h-c-W-Øn¬ Dt≠m? sXfn-hp-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ sh≈-°m-cs‚ IÆp-]-Xn-°p-∂Xv amXta "I≠p-]n-SnØ' amhp-I-bpt≈m?

$ sImtfm-Wn-b-en-k-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ß-fpsS `mK-amWv CØcw "I≠p-]n-SnØ' Ncn-X-ßƒ.

$ k°-dn-b-bpsS Cu \nco-£-W-ß-tfmSv \nßƒ tbmPn-°p-∂pt≠m?

""enhn-MvÃ¨ hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m´w I≠p-]n-Sn®p F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Fs¥mcpAkw-_-‘-amWv.''

sh≈-°m-cpsS Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ßsf Akw-_-‘-sa∂p hnti-jn-∏n-®Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mhpw?

Ipń-Iƒ Ipdn-°p-∂p.

AhX-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

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H≥]Xv

tImUo-I-cWw

sh≈-°m-cpsS kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw Ncn-X-]-c-hp-amb A[n-\n-th-i-tØmSpw tijvTNn¥-tbm-Sp-ap≈ ]Xn-tj-[hpw ]Xn-tcm-[-hp-amWv teJ-Is‚hm°p-I-fn¬ sXfn-bp-∂-Xv.

$ Rm≥ \ΩpsS Imth-cn- Im-cy-ßƒ Hm¿Øp, ad∂p If-™p.

Imth-cn- Im-cy-ßƒ Hm¿°m≥ Imc-W-sa¥v? AXp ad∂pIf™p F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn-eqsS [z\n-∏n-°p-∂-sX¥v?


Imth-co-\-Zo-Pe X¿°-Øns‚ t]cn-ep-≠mb Iem-]-ßƒ Hm¿°p-∂p.

B^n-°-bnse c≠p cmPy-ßƒ kmw_-kn-\-Znsb kulm¿Z-]-c-ambn ]¶n-Sp-∂p.BZm-b-ap-≠m-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ C¥y-bn¬ \Zo-P-e-k-º-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Iem-]-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v.

CXn\v Adp-Xn-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂n√ F∂ \ncm-ibpw k¶-ShpwsIm≠mhpw teJ-I≥ AXv ad-∂p-I-f-bm≥ ian-°p-∂-Xv. B^n-°-bnse c≠p cmPy-ß-fmWv Hcp-a-tbmsS ]h¿Øn®phcp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ C¥y-bnse c≠p kwÿm-\-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈X¿°-Øn\v kam-[m-\-]q¿W-ambp Hcp ]cn-lmcw ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂n√ F∂Xv A]-am-\-I-c-ambn teJ-I\v tXm∂p-∂p-≠m-hpw.

k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-sa-∂m¬ tIhew ImgvN-I-fpsS hnh-cWw amX-a-√, Kuc-h-]q¿W-amb kmaq-lnI˛kmwkvIm-cnI hni-I-e\wIqSn Ah-bn¬ Dƒt®¿∂n-´p-≠v. apI-fn¬\¬Inb kqN-\-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn®v hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

eLp-teJ Xbm-dm°mw

]t£, C°q-´¿s°√mw Ft¥m AZv`p-X-I-c-amb t_m[-⁄m-\-Øn-eq-sS,Ipd®p Xmsg Xßsf ImØn-cn-°p∂ FSp-Øp-Nm-´-sØ-∏‰n Adn-bm-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬, Pe-]m-X-Øn\p sXm´p-]n-∂n-ep≈ `mKw \ap°p kpc-£n-X-am-Wv. ao\p-Isf Rm≥ I≠p. ]t£, Ah-t]mepw sh≈-®m-´-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ Fhn-sStbmHcp e£va-W-tcJ hc-®m-bn-cn-°Ww Pohn-°p-∂-Xv.


Cu Pohn-Iƒ \ap°p \¬Ip∂ ktµ-i-sa-¥mWv?

N¿®

teJ-I\pw Iq´p-Imcpw Ipfn-°m-\n-d-ßn-b-sX-hnsS? B ÿew Xnc-s™-Sp-ØXns‚ImcWsa¥v? Ipń-Iƒ ]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂p.

XpS¿∂v kao-]-Im-eØv hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c-tI-µ-ß-fn¬ D≠mb A]-I-S-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hm¿Ø-I-fpsS ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

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65

CØ-c-Øn-ep-≠mb Zpc-¥-hm¿Ø-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ ]¶p-hbv°p-∂p. BÀm-Z-I-c-amb bmX-Iƒ IÆo-cn¬ HSp-ßp-∂-Xns‚ hm¿Ø-Iƒ hfsc k¶-S-I-c-am-Wv.

$ Cßs\ A]-I-S-ßƒ \nc-¥cw Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-ßƒFs¥√mw?

$ \mw kµ¿in-°p∂ Hmtcm ]tZ-i-Øp-ap≈ A]-I-S-km-[y-X-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

$ kzoI-cn-t°≠ ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

Ipń-Isf IS¬, ae, ]pg, sh≈-®m-´w, hm´¿Xow ]m¿°v F∂n-ßs\ kwL-ß-fm-°p-∂p.

kwL-Øn¬ N¿®˛ Ah-X-cWw

XpS¿∂v Hmtcm Kq∏nt\mSpw "hnt\m-Z-k-©mctaJ-e-I-fnse kpc£'F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ eLp-teJ Xbm-dm-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. (hy‡n-K-Xw)

Kq∏p-Iƒ ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p. Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

bmXm hoUntbm \n¿Ωn-°mw

¢mkvXe-Øn¬ Hcp bmXm hoUntbm Xbm-dm-°mw. Hcp Zriym-flI bmXm-hn-h-c-W-Øns‚ hoUntbm ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

hnZym-e-b-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp sNdp-bmX kwL-Sn-∏n-°mw. NcnX]m[m-\y-ap≈ CS-tam,hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c-tI-µtam ]mtZ-in-I-ambn km[y-X-I-fp≈ CStam Is≠Øn ap≥IqńbmX \n›-bn-°mw.

Bh-iy-amb aps∂m-cp-°-ßƒ

$ Ipń-I-fn¬\n∂v hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn¬ Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≈-hsc Is≠-Øp-∂p.

$ bmX \n›-bn® ÿe-Øns‚ Ncn-X-]m-[m-\yw, ]mtZ-inI ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ,hnt\mZk©m-c-km-[y-X-Iƒ, P\-ß-fpsS Pohn-X-coXn XpS-ßn-bh Is≠-Øp-∂p. eLp-Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p∂p.

$ eLp-Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ hnh-c-W-]m-T-ß-fm°n am‰p-∂p.

$ anI® mh-tØm-sSbpw A£-c-ip-≤n-tbm-sSbpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ anSp-°p-≈-hscIs≠-Øp-∂p.

$ i_vZ-te-J\w \S-Øp-∂p.

$ KqKvƒam-∏v, hn°n-am-∏nb F∂n-h-bpsS klm-b-Øm¬ Ipń-Iƒ bmXm-]-Yw,a‰p hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

$ Xm¬∏-cy-ap-W¿Øp∂ Ah-X-c-W-co-Xn-bm-h-Ww.

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H≥]Xv

bmXm-hn-h-cW]ÿm\w

bmX-Iƒ F°m-e-Øp-ap≠v. D]-Po-h-\-Øn-\mbn \S-Ønb bmX-Iƒ, ]pXnbta®n¬∏p-d-ßfpw Irjn-bn-S-ßfpw tXSn-bp≈ bmX-Iƒ, ImgvN-Iƒ ImWm-\mbn\S-Ønb sNdp-bm-X-Iƒ. Ch-bn-sem-Xpßnbmbn-cp∂p ]cn-an-X-amb Bhm-k-ta-J-e-bn¬ Pohn-®-h-cpsS bmX-I-sf-¶n¬ Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ bmX-bpsS e£y-ßƒ°v am‰wh∂p. Adn-b-s∏-SmØ tZi-ß-fn-te°v Bkq-X-W-tØmsS \S-Ønb bmX-Iƒ°v]n∂n¬ A[n-Im-cm-Xn¿Øn hnI-kn-∏n-°p∂ e£y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p; H∏w I®-hS Xmev]-cy-ß-fpw, hnt\m-Z-Øn-\pw, hn⁄m-\-Øn-\pw Bflo-bm-t\z-j-W-Øn\pw bmXIƒkm[m-c-W-am-bn.

$ Iam-\p-K-X-amb Ah-X-cWw

$ kmt¶-Xn-I-Øn-Ihv (FUn-‰n-Mv, hoUn-tbm, HmUntbm ssS‰n¬ Im¿Uv)]pe¿Øp∂p. Ipń-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°nb hoUntbm s]mXp-hmbn ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

F√m Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°m≥ ]tXyIw i≤n-°-Ww.

anI® bmXm hoUntbm Is≠-Øp-∂p.

tUhnUv enhn-MvÃ¨tUhnUv enhn-MvÃ¨tUhnUv enhn-MvÃ¨tUhnUv enhn-MvÃ¨tUhnUv enhn-MvÃ¨

1855˛¬ tUhnUv enhn-MvÃ¨ F∂ ]cy-th-£I≥ Cu sh≈-®m-´-sØ-°p-dn®vBZy-ambn temIsØ Adn-bn-®p. hnIvtSm-dnbcm⁄n-tbm-Sp≈ _lp-am-\-kq-N-I-ambn "hnIvtSm-dnbm ^mƒkv ' F∂ t]cn-´Xpw enhnMvÃ¨ BWv. Xt±-iob-cmb sImtem-sem- h¿K-°m¿°v samskzmt‰m-Wnb (mosi-oa-Tunya) BWn-Xv."Cc-ºn-bm¿°p∂ \pc' F∂¿Yw. knw_m_vshbp-sSbpw kmw_n-bbp-sSbpwAXn¿Øn-bn¬ kmw_kn\Zn-bn-emWv hnIvtSmdnbm sh≈-®m-´w. Ccp cmPy-ß-fn¬\n∂pw hnIvtSm-dn-b-bpsS kuµcyw \pI-cmw. 108 ao‰¿ Db-c-Øn¬ \n∂v 1.7In.ao hoXn-bn¬ kmw_kn Xmtg°v ]Xn-°p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. Hcp sk°‚n¬]Øp-e£w en‰¿ icm-icn Pe-]m-Xw.

hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m´whnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m´whnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m´whnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m´whnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m´w

B^n-°-bnse kmw_-kn-\-Zn-bn¬ kmw_n-b-bp-sSbpw knw_m_vshbp-sSbpwAXn¿Øn-bn¬ ÿnXnsNøp∂ hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m-´w, hep-∏-Øn¬ G‰hpwhepXv F∂ _lp-aXn°v A¿l-am-Wv. CXv temI-Ønse G‰hpw Db-cap≈tXm\of-ap-≈tXm Bb sh≈-®m´w A√. ]t£, `qan-bnse G‰hpw henb sh≈-Øns‚ ]mfn (largest single sheet of flowing water) ChnsSbmWv D≈-Xv.]mtZ-inI`mj-bn¬ samkn-tbm-h-˛-Xp-\nb (Mosi-oa-Tunya (the smoke thatthunders) F∂p t]cp≈ hnIvtSm-dnbm sh≈-®m´w AZv`p-X-ß-fpsS Ie-h-d-bmWv.

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67

Hmtcm bmXbpw hyXy-kvX-amb A\p-`-h-ß-fm-Wv kΩm-\n-°p-I. bmXm-\p-`-h-ßsfBhn-jv°-cn-°emWv k©m-c-km-ln-Xyw. Hmtcm bmXmhn-h-c-Whpw ]e-hn[ A\p`h-X-e-ß-fmWv hmb-\-°m-c\v kΩm-\n-°p-∂-Xv. Xm≥ t\cn-´-\p-`-hn® A\p-`qXn hnti-j-ßsf kXy-k-‘-ambpw G‰hpw lrZ-b-lm-cn-bmbpw hkvXp-Xm-hn-i-I-e-\-Øn-eq-∂nbpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºm-gmWv bmXm-hn-h-cW-ßƒ ka-Khpw sshIm-cn-Im-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS t\¿°m-gvN-bp-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ IS-∂p-t]mb hgn-I-fn-eqsS hmb-\-°m-c-s\bpw A\p-bmX \S-Øn-°p-Ibpw Ahn-S-ß-fnse ]Ir-Xn-`w-Kn, Pohn-X-co-Xn-Iƒ, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ, Ncn-Xw, ]mc-ºcyw, `qanimkvX-]-c-amb ]tXy-IX-Iƒ, cmjvSo-b- -km-º-ØnI Ah-ÿ-Iƒ F∂nh hnh-c-W-ß-fn-eqsS ]I¿∂p \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Im-c≥ `mh-\-bpsS temI-Øp-\n∂p amX-a√,hkvXp-\n-jvThpw kq£va-hp-amb A\p-`-h-ß-fpsSbpw bmYm¿Yy-ßfpsSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-amWv cN-\m-]-In-b-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

sshZn-I-Imew apX¬t° bmX-bpsS AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.EtKzZØn-epw CXn-lm-k-ß-fnepw bmXm-kq-N-\-Ifp≠v. cLp-hw-iw, taL-k-tµiwXpS-ßnb IrXn-Ifpw `mc-Xobkmln-Xy-Ønse BZy-Ime bmXm-hn-h-cW `mK-ßƒDƒs°m≈p∂hbmWv.

temIØv AXn-cp-Iƒ°-∏p-d-tØ°v bmX-Iƒ \S-Øm≥ Gsd Xm¬∏cy-s∏-´-h-cm-Wv ]m›m-Xy¿. Ah-bm-Is´ Gsdbpw IS¬I-S-∂p≈ kml-knIbmX-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Ad-_n-Ifpw No\cpw I®-h-S-Xm-¬∏cy-tØmsSbmWv k©mcw \S-Øn-b-sX-¶n¬]m›m-Xy¿ AtXm-sSm∏w anj-\dn]h¿Ø-\hpw e£yw h®n-cp-∂p. aX-]-Nm-c-W-Øn-\p≈ bmX-Iƒ _p≤s‚ Imew apXtebp-≠v. CkvemwaX]Nm-c-W-Øn\vamenIv Zo\m-dpw InkvXp-aX]Nm-c-W-Øn\v tXmam-«o-lmbpw h∂Xv aX-]-c-ambbmX-bpsS DZm-l-c-Wßfm-Wv.

am¿t°m-t]m-tfm, lpbm≥km-Mv, ^mln-bm≥, A¬_n-dq-Wn, C_v-\p-_-Øq-Ø,saK-√≥, sPbnwkv Ip°v, tUhnUv enhn-MvÃ¨ F∂n-h¿ C¥y kµ¿in®]i-kvX- bm-Xn-I-cmWv. kml-kn-I-X, tImf\n Is≠-Øm-\p≈ At\z-j-Ww,hym]mcXm¬∏-cyw, hn⁄m-\-Xm-¬∏cyw F∂n-h-bmWv BZy-Ime k©m-cn-IsfbmXbv°v t]cn-∏n® LS-I-ßƒ.

14˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ cNn-°-s∏´ DÆp-\oenktµiw bmXm-hn-h-cW kqN-\-I-fp≈ BZy-Ime IrXn-bm-Wv. anj\dn]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ bmX-bmWv ae-bm-f-Ønse BZy-bm-Xm-hn-h-cW KŸ-amb "h¿Ø-am-\-∏p-kvXI' (tdmam-bm-X) Øns‚]Xn-]m-Zyw. ]mtd-am-°¬ tXmam IØ-\m¿(1736-˛99) 1790˛99 ImeØv Fgp-Xn-b-XmWvCu IrXn. ]Zy-cq-]-Ønse BZysØ ae-bmf bmXm-hn-h-c-W-IrXn "[¿Ω-cm-Pm-hns‚ cmta-iz-c-bmX'- bmWv. CXns‚ cN-bn-Xmhv Bcm-sW∂v hy‡-a-√. bmXm-\p-`-h-ßƒ ]Zy-cq-]-Øn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn® IrXn-bmWv ssh°Øv ]m®p-aq-Ø-Xns‚"Imio-bm-Xm-h¿W\w' (1854), \Sp-h-Ø-—≥ \ºq-Xncn, shä-Wn-a-l≥, sI.kn.-tI-i-h-]n≈ F∂n-hcpw bmXm-hn-h-c-W-Im-hy-ßƒ cNn-®-h-cmWv. BZy-Ime bmXm-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ `mc-X-bm-X-I-fp-tS-Xm-Wv.

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H≥]Xv

am\-h-hn-I-a≥ Xºp-cms‚ Imio-bm-Xm-N-cnXw (1903), Xc-aØv AΩmfp AΩ-bpsSHcp Xo¿Y-bmX (1925), sI.]n.-Zm-tam-Z-c≥\mb-cpsS "Fs‚ I\ym-Ip-amcnbmX (1925),am[-h-\m-cpsS Hcp lnam-e-b-bmX (1927), sIm®n-a-lm-cm-Pm-hns‚ Ubdn (1938) F∂nhtZim-Xn¿Øn-bn¬ HXp-ßnb bmXm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. _mcn-Ã¿ Pn.]n-.]n≈bpsSe≠\pw ]mcokpw (1897), sI.]n. tIi-h-ta-t\ms‚ _nemØnhntijw (1916),sI.Fw.- ]-Wn-°-cpsS B]-XvI-c-amb bmX (1944) F∂nh BZy-Im-esØ cN-\-I-fm-Wv. lypbm≥kmßns‚ k©m-c-]-Y-Øn-eqsS 125 Znh-k-sa-SpØv \S-Ønb bmX-bmWv sI.]n.-F-kv.- ta-t\m≥ cNn® "U¬ln Np¶nwKv' (1944). ]mtZ-in-I-˛-hn-tZ-i-bm-X-I-fp-sSbpw kml-kn-I-bm-X-Iƒ, Xo¿Y-bm-X-Iƒ F∂n-h-bp-sSbpw hnh-c-W-ßƒae-bm-f-Ønep≠v.

temI-sØ-ºm-Sp-ambn Xm≥ \S-Ønb bmX-Ifpw AXn¬\n∂p t\Snb Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ßfpw ae-bmf k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ CuSphbv]p-I-fm°nb Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\mWvFkv.-sI. -s]m-s‰-°m-´v. k©m-c-km-ln-XysØ P\-]n-b-am-°n-b-Xns‚ AwKo-ImcwFkv.-sI.-bv°p≈-Xm-Wv. Adn-bmØ qJ-fiß-fn-te°pw A]-cn-NnXtZi-ß-fn-te°vae-bm-fn-Iƒ Fkv.-sI.-s]m-s‰°m- n-t\m-sSm∏w k©-cn-®p. 1947˛¬ At±-l-Øns‚ BZy-bm-Xm-hn-h-c-W-KŸw "Imivao¿' ]pd-Øn-d-ßn. ss\¬ Ub-dn, bqtdm-∏n-eqsS, ]mXn-cm-kq-cys‚ \mń¬, _men-Zzo-]v, e≠≥ t\m´v_p°v, knwl-`qan XpS-ßnb \nc-h-[n-IrXn-Iƒ At±-l-Øns‚Xmbn-´p-≠v. bmX-bn¬\n∂v t\Snb A\p-`-h-ßƒ˛-A-Xn-Po-h-\-ßƒ-˛-]-W-b-I-Y-Iƒ F√mw At±-l-Øns‚ a‰p kmln-Xy-c-N-\-I-fpsS ]ta-b-ambn amdn.

s]ms‰-°m-ń-\p-tijw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ \nc-h[n bmXm-hn-h-c-W-K-Ÿ-ßƒ ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. cmP≥ Im°-\m-S≥, cho-µ≥, Bjm-ta-t\m≥, k®n-Zm-\-µ≥, k°-dnbXpS-ßnbh-cpsS bmXm-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ Gsd sshhn-[y-am¿∂ cN-\-I-fm-Wv.

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69

klm-bI-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. IY tXSp∂ k©mcn, FUn: sNe-hq¿ th-Wp, Nn¥ ]ªn-tjgvkv

2. k©m-c-km-lnXyw `mKw 1,2 Fkv.-sI. -s]m-s‰-°m-´v, Un.kn.-_pIvkv

3. Hcp B^n-°≥bmX, k°-dnb, Un.kn.-_pIvkv

4. tUmIyp-sa‚dn, Bƒ∏-e-a-bpsS BJym-Xm-hv\n¿amWw: Fkv.-sI.- s]ms-‰-°m´v kmwkvIm-cnItIµw

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H≥]Xv

""kmln-X-y-Im-cs‚ As√-¶n¬ Ihn-bpsS lrZbw ]Ir-Xn-h-kvXp-

°-fn¬ ebn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v kml-n-Xyw AYhm IhnX D¤-hn-

°p-∂p. klr-Z-\mb Hc-\p-hm-N-Is‚ lrZbw B Imh-y-c-k-Øn¬

ebn-°p-∂-Xns‚ ê-ambn \ncq-]Ww D≠m-Ip-∂p. Ihnbpw \ncq-

]-I\pw Xßƒ°-\p-`-h-s∏´ am\-knIhnIm-c-ß-fpsS ]I-S\cq]-

amWv Imh-y-cq-]-Ønepw \ncq-]-W-cq-]-Ønepw ]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

AXn-\m¬ \n¿amWIe-t]mse Xs∂ \ncq-]-W-Iebpw kmln-

Xy-Øn¬ al-\obÿm\w A¿ln-°p-∂p. kmln-X-y-I-e-bpsS c≠p

NI-ßtfm NndIp-Itfm BWv \n¿am-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw.

hna¿i\w KŸ-ß-fpsS kmln-X-y-[¿asØ A[n-I-cn®pw Bi-

bn®pw sNøp∂ hnNm-c-am-Wv. KŸ-ß-fpsS iotIm-hnens‚ _‘n-

°-s∏´ Ihm-S-ßƒ t`Zn®v D≈n¬°-S∂v Ahn-SsØ ck-ab-amb

]ImiacoNn-Isf shfn-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn®pIm -emWv hna¿i\w.''

(kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°m-Sv)

Hcp IHcp IHcp IHcp IHcp IpS∂ shfn-®-ampS∂ shfn-®-ampS∂ shfn-®-ampS∂ shfn-®-ampS∂ shfn-®-ambvbvbvbvbv

3

Ihnbpw kaq-l-Pohn

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71

kmln-X-y-hn-a¿i\w ae-bm-f-Øn¬

kwkvIrXkmln-Xyhna¿i\]≤-Xnsb Ah-ew-_n-®mWv ae-bm-f-Øn¬ kmlnXyhna¿i\w Bcw-`n-®-Xv. F∂m¬, BZyImehna¿i\w Ae¶mc`wKn, hmI-y-tZm-jw,]Z-tZm-jw, ckw XpS-ßn-b-hsb amXw kv]¿in-®p-sIm-≠p≈Xmbn-cp∂p. IrXn-bpsSB-¥-cn-I-aq-eyw \n¿[m-cWw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ A°m-eØv th≠X i≤sNep-Øn-bncp-∂n√. ]m›m-X-y -\ncq-]-W-]-≤-Xn-bp-ambp≈ kº¿°-˛kw-tbm-K-ß-fn-eqsShna¿i-\- kmlnXyØn¬ au-en-I-amb am‰-ßƒ h∂p-Xp-S-ßn. Hcp IrXn-bpsS cq]`mhinev]-ß-tfm-sS-m∏w AXv A\p-hm-N-I-cn¬ krjvSn-°p∂ ]Xn-I-cWwIqSnIs≠Øm≥ hn-a¿i-\Øn\pkm[n®p. kmlnXykrjvSn-bp-sSbpw Bk-zm-Z-\-Øns‚bpw hym-J-ym\Øns‚bpw \ncq-]-W-Øn-s‚bpw Xe-ß-fn¬\n∂p≈ Cu At\z-jWw kmln-X-y-]p-tcm-K-Xn°p hgn Xpd∂psImSp-Øp.

tPmk^v ap≠-t»cn

]uc-kvX-y- ]m-›m-Xy Imh-y-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ hna¿i\kº-Zm-b-amWv tPmk^v ap≠-t»cn kzoI-cn-®-Xv. F∂m¬ kmln-X-y-Øns‚ e£-y-ßsfkw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]m›m-X-y-kn-≤m-¥ßƒ sXfn-®n´ kmaq-lnI-Nn-¥-bn¬At±lw Dd-®p-\n-∂p. Pohn-X_ml-y-amb Hcp kmln-X-y-sØ-°p-dn®v At±-l-Øn\vNn¥n-°m-\m-hn-√. ]ptcmKa\ kmln-X-y-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ t\Xr-\nc-bn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠vAt±lw kmlnXy- \ncq-]-W-Øn\vv kuµ-c-ym-fl-I-amb ]pXnb am\w \¬In. kmaq-lnI]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ][m\ LS-I-ß-fn-sem∂v kmln-X-y-am-Wv F∂-t±lw hniz-kn-®p. IrXn-I-fnse kmt¶-XnILSI-ß-fn-e√, Ah-bn¬ Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p∂ Pohn-X-aq-e-y-ß-fn-emWv ap≠-t»cn a\-aq-∂n-b-Xv Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS kmwkvIm-cn-I-Zu-X-y-Øn-\mWv Du∂¬ \¬In-b-Xv.

]mT-kw-Klw

PmXn-hy-h-ÿ-bp-sS \oXn-cm-ln-Xy-Øn\pw hnth-N-\-Øn-\p-sa-Xnsc ]Xn-tcm-[Øns‚Imhykm∂n-[y-ambn \ne-sIm≠ Ihn-bmWv Ipam-c-\m-im≥. Bims‚ hy‡n-Po-hn-Xhpw Imhy-Po-hn-Xhpw kmaq-ln-I-hy-h-ÿ-I-tfm-Sp≈ \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw Bg-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ IrXn-bmWv tPmk v ap≠-t»-cn-bpsS "Bim≥Ihn-X˛Hcp ]T\w'. k¿Km-flIkmlnXyw kmaqlyPohn-X-Øn¬ sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o-\hpw kmln-Xy-Øns‚kmaqlnI]tbm-P\bp‡n-Ifpw hni-I-e\hnt[-b-am-°p-I-bmWv Cu IrXn-bn¬.Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS PohnXw AX-ta¬ kzX-¥-a-s√∂pw km[m-cW a\pjy-sc-t∏msekmaqlnI_‘-ß-fmepw Ah-cpsS ]cn-k-c-ß-fmepw Fgp-Øp-Im-¿ _‘n-X-cm-sW∂pw ap≠-t»cn hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

kaq-l-am-‰-Øns‚ tZio-bhpw A¥¿tZ-io-b-hp-amb [mc-Iƒ Ihn-sbbpw kzm[o\n®p.I¬°-Ø-bnepw _mw•q-cnepw tIc-f-Ønepw Bim\v PmXo-b-amb hnth-N-\-Øns‚Ibv]p\ocv IpSn-t°≠nh∂n-´p--s≠∂v ap≠-t»cn ]dbp-∂p. IhnbpsS CØcw A\p-`-h-ßƒ kz¥w IrXn-I-fnepw Xoh-X-tbmsS ]Xn-^-en-°p-∂ps≠∂v ap≠-t»cn\nco-£n-°p-∂p. Ipń-Iƒ°mbn cmam-bWIY kwK-ln-s®-gp-Xp-tºmƒt∏mepw PmXn-

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H≥]Xv

hn-cp≤\ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ apdpsI∏nSn-°p∂ Ihnsb ap≠t»cn Bth-i-tØmsS Is≠-Sp-°p-∂p. Pohn® Ime-Øns‚ a\p-jym-h-ImiewL-\-ß-tfmSv hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√msXs]mcp-Xp∂ kzX-¥-hm-Zn-bmb Ihnsb Bflm-`n-am-\-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv ap≠-t»-cn.

""am‰p-hn≥ N´-ßsf kzb-a-s√-¶n¬am‰p-a-Xp-Ifo \nß-sf-Øm≥''

F∂ Ihn--bpsS Xm°oXv ae-bm-fn-bpsS kmaq-lnI-Po-hnX-Øn¬ C∂pw ]Xn-[z-\n-°p∂p. PmXn-\n¿aq-e-\-Øns‚ ss[j-WnIbp‡n-bmWv Bims\∂ Ihn-bpsS\∑bpw Icp-Øp-am-Ip-∂Xv. \thm-∞m\tIc-f-Øns‚ cP-X-tc-J-I-fmbn amdp-I-bmWvIpam-c-\m-ims‚ IrXn-Iƒ.

Bi-b-ßƒ, [mc-W-Iƒ

$ kmln-X-y-kr-jvSnbpw \ncq-]-Whpw Xpe-y-]m-[m-\-y-ap-≈-h-bmWv.

$ kmln-X-y-c-N-\-Ifn¬ ]Xn-^-en-°p∂ k¿Km-fl-I-X, B-k-zm-Z-y-X, aqeyw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-amWv kmln-Xy\ncq-]-Ww.

$ Fgp-Øp-Imcpw kaq-l-k-jvSm-°fm-sW∂v ÿm]n® \ncq-]-I-\mWv tPmk^vap≠t»cn.

$ C¥y≥ kuµ-c-y-im-kvXhpw ]m›m-X-y-ku-µ-c-y-im-kvXhpw At±-lsØkzm-[o-\n-®n-cp-∂p.

$ hym-h-km-bnIhnπ-h-Øns‚ ê-ambn bqtdm-∏n-ep-≠mb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚Ae-Iƒ tIc-f-Øn-ep-sa-Øn.

$ PmXo-b-amb hnth-N-\-ßƒ A\p-` -hn® hy‡n-bmWv Ipam-c -\m-im≥.B A-\p-`-h-⁄m-\-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ [¿Ω-tcm-j-Øn\pw AXns‚ ê-ambn D≠mb IrXn-Iƒ°pw Imc-Ww.

$ a\p-jy-kvt\-l-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb kmaq-lnI]cn-h¿Ø-\-am-bn-cp∂p Bims‚Pohn-X-ho-£-Ww.

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73

]T\]h¿Ø\ßƒ

]XnI-c-W°pdn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

$ AX-Xp- Im-e-L- -ß-fn-se kmaq-lnI]iv\-ß-tfmSp ]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv Ihn-Iƒ. Xmsg sImSp-Ø hcn-Ifpw ]mT-`m-K-Ønse Bibhpw hniI-e\w sNbvXv]Xn-I-cn-°p-I.

""]Øp-In-´p-In¬ \qdp-a-Xn-sb∂pwiX-am-In¬ klkw aXn-sb∂pwBbncw ]Ww ssIbn-ep-≠m-Ip-tºmƒAbp-X-am-In-em-›-cy-sa-∂XpwBibm-bp≈ ]mi-a-Xn-t¶∂pth¿hn-SmsX Itc-dp∂p ta¬°p-ta¬''

(⁄m\-∏m\)

""cmPy-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ t¢in-°-sb-s∂mcphymPw \Sn®v ka-kvX-km-[p-°sftXtPm-h[w sNbvXv hnØ-am¿Pn-®p-sIm˛≠mPo-h-\m¥w Ign-°p-∂nXp Nne¿''

(lcn-Wo-kzbwhcw˛Ip-©≥\ºym¿)

""[\m-Vytc [¿Ωhgn°p \nßƒImWn-°-hbv°pw X\n apØn-t\-°mƒIqen-∏-Wn-°mcnh¿X≥ th¿∏p˛\o¿Øp-≈n-bm-Wo-iz-c-t\-sd-bnjvSw''

(kmln-Xy-a-RvPcn 3˛mw `mKw ˛ h≈--tØmƒ)

$ Cu Imhy-`m-K-ß-fn¬ sXfn-bp∂ kmaq-ln-I-]-iv\-ßƒ Fs¥ms°bmWv?

˛ Ah-tbm-Sp≈ Ihn-I-fpsS \ne-]mSv F¥mWv?

˛ Cu \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ hmb-\-°m-cs\ Fß-s\-sb√mw kzm[o-\n°pw?

- AXXp Ime-L-´-ß-fnse Ihn-Iƒ kmaq-ln-I-]-iv\-ß-tfmSv k¿Km-flIambn ]Xn-I-cn-®-Xns‚ IqSp-X¬ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-I.

tiJ-cn® hnh-c-ß-fpsSbpw ]mT-`m-K-sØ Bi-b-ßfpsSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]Xn-I-c-W--°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°p∂p.

PohnXho£Ww Is≠-Ømw

$ "am‰p-hn≥ N´-ßsf kz-b-a--s√-¶n¬

am‰p-a-Xp-Ifo \nß-sf-Øm≥'

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H≥]Xv

$ kvt\lw Xm≥ i‡n PK-Øn¬ ˛ kzbw

kvt\lw Xm≥ B\-µ-am¿°pw

apI-fn¬ sImSp-Ø Imh-y-`m-K-ßfpw teJ-\-Ønse \nco-£-W-ßfpw hne-

bn-cpØn Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ PohnXho£Ww F∂ hnjb-Øn¬ Ipdn∏v Xbm-

dm-°p-I.

hni-I-e\t®mZ-y-ßƒ :

˛ Ipam-c-\m-im\v \¬In-h-cp∂ hnti-j-W-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

˛ kvt\l-Km-b-I≥ F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sm\p≈ Imc-W-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

˛ a\p-j-y-kmtlm-ZcyØn\v hnLm-X-ambn \n¬°p∂ LS-I-ßƒFs¥√m-amWv?

- B ImeØp \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ PmXo-b-amb hnth-N-\-ßfpw `n∂-X-IfpwkaqlsØ _m[n-®-sX-ßs\?

˛ kzm-X-¥-yhpw kvt\lhpw Fßs\ ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p?

˛ GXp-X-c-Øn-ep≈ kmaql-nI]-cn-h¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv a\p-j-y-kvt\-l-Øn\v]tNmZ-I-am-Ip-∂-Xv?

˛ kzm-X-¥yw, ka-X-zw, kmtlm-Z-c-yw, kvt\lw F∂n-hbv°v Pohn-X-Øn-ep≈ ]m[m\y-sa¥v?

N¿®

tImUoI-cWw

a\pj-y-kvt\-l-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb kmaq-l-nI-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-am-bn-cp∂p Ipam-c-\m-ims‚PohnX-ho-£Ww. PmXn-bp-sSbpw aX-Øns‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ n∂n®p\n¬°p∂a\p-j-y-hwi-Øn\v ]c-kv]c hntZ-z-j-an-√mØ, kvt\l-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈hnImkw km[y-am-Ip-∂n-√. ]t£, Imew ka-Xz-Øn\pw kzmX-¥y-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-cmbF√m a\p-jy-hn-cp-≤-\n-b-a-ß-sfbpw am‰n-Øo¿°p-sa∂ AN©-e-amb hnizmkw Ihn-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

BJym-\-`m-j-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠Ømw

$ A\p-`-h-⁄m-\-Øm¬ ]n-s∂bpw ]ns∂bpw IØn÷z-en® B [¿ΩtcmjwAt±-l-Øns‚ F√m IrXn-I-fnepw emh t]mse hgn-s™m-gp-Ip-∂p-≠v.

hmI-y-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-bn-te°p \bn-°p∂ Nne tNmZ-y-ßƒ A[ym-]nID∂-bn-°p-∂p.

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75

˛ [¿Ω-tcm-jsØ emh F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-¥p-sIm-≠mhpw?

˛ A·n-]¿h-X-ßƒ s]mń-sØ-dn-°p-∂-sX-t∏m-gmWv?

˛ emhm-]-hm-l-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥ms°?

˛ Ipam-c-\m-ims\ A·n-]¿h-X-tØmSv kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-sX-¥p-sIm-≠mWv?

˛ emh-t]mse hgn-s™-gp-Ip-∂p≠v F∂ ]tbm-K-Øn-eqsS [z\n°p-∂-sXs¥√mw?

˛ Bim-≥Ihn-X-I-fpsS Fs¥√mw khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv Cu hmIy-Øn¬sXfn-bp-∂Xv?

Ipń-Iƒ ]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂p. s]mXp-N¿®. CtX-t]mse A¿Y-K¿`-ß-f-mWv ap≠-t»-cn-bpsS Hmtcm hmI-y-hpw AØc-Øn-ep≈ IqSp-X¬ hmIy-ßƒ Is≠Øn khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Ipdn-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

˛ ""bqtdm-∏ns\ InSnew sIm≈n® alm-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Ae-Iƒ mc-X-Øns‚kwkvIm-c-tI-µ-ß-fnepw B™-Sn-°m-Xn-cp-∂n√.''

- ""hnZ-ym-]o-T-ß-fn¬ h®p-t]mepw Xms\m-c-h¿W-\m-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-tb≠ Xma-kta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q, B]vX-cn-em-]vX-∑m¿ t]mepw At±-l--tØm-Sn-S-Ø-Sn®ps]cp-am-dn-bn-´p-≠v.'' B]vX-cn-em-]vX-∑m¿, CS-Ø-Sn®p s]cp-am-dpI F∂o ]tbm-K-ßƒ t\m°p-I. B]vX≥ F∂Xv kwkvIr-X-]-Z-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ AXpkh¿WkqN\ \¬Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ CS-Ø-Sn®p F∂Xv X\n \mS≥]tbm-Khpw. AXv Ah¿W-\p-ambn tN¿∂p\n¬°p-∂p.

˛ ""tIc-f-Øn¬ h®m-sW-¶n¬ kh¿W-cpsS [n°m-c-sØ-t∏mseØs∂ kz-Pm-Xn-°p-≈nse B-`n-Pm-X-y-t°m-a-c-ß-fpsS [n°m-chpw A\p-`-hn-t°≠nh∂n-´p-≠-t±-l-Øn\v '' (kz¥w PmXn-bn-ep≈ B`n-Pm-X-y-t°m-a-c-ßƒ F∂ ]tbmKwFX at\m-lcw! ImcWw, Ah¿ tZh-∑m-c√, shdpw shfn-®-∏m-Sp-Iƒ. F∂n´pw[n°m-c-Øn\v Ipd-hn-√.

Cßs\ IqSp-X¬ hmI-y-ßƒ Is≠ØpI. At±lw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ Bi-b-ßƒ°v sXfnhpw IrX-y-Xbpw aq¿®-bpw \¬Im\pw B `mjm-coXn Fßs\ ka¿Y-am-Ip∂p F∂Xv hne-bn-cp-Øp∂p.

CØcw kµ¿`-ßƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv "ap≠-t»-cn-bpsS BJym\Ønse khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ Ipdn∏p Xbm-dm-°mw.

D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm°mw

$ Hcp PmXn-bn¬\n∂-t√m ]nd-∂n-Sp∂p k¥Xn\c-Pm-Xn-bn-tXm¿°p-tºmsfmcp PmXn-bn-ep-≈Xmw

(io\m-cm-bWKpcp)

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H≥]Xv

\thm-∞m\aqe-y-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ io\m-cm-bWKpcp-hns‚ CØcw Z¿i-\-ßƒIpam-c-\m-ims\ FX-amXw kzm-[o-\n -®p F∂p ]cn-tim-[n®v D]-\-ymkwXbm-dm-°mw.

\thm-∞m\aqe-y-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-ti-J-cWw Fw.]n. kpIp-am-c≥\mb-cpsS"bpK-]p-cp-j≥' F∂ kn\na ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS km[-y-am-°m-a--t√m. kn\n-asbBkv]-Z-am°n N¿® \SØmw.

N¿®mkq-N-\Iƒ

˛ A°m-esØ tIc-fob kmaq-lnI Pohn-Xm-hÿ

˛ tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ lo\-amb PmXn-h-y-h-ÿ

˛ Abn-Ø-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ sNdp-Øp-\n-¬∏p-Iƒ

˛ kmaq-lnI]cn-jvI¿Øm-°ƒ°v t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂ ]oU-\-ßƒ

˛ \mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ, ktµ-i-ßƒ

˛ Ipam-c-\m-im\pw Kpcphpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w

D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm°n Kq∏p-I-fn¬ ]¶p-h®v sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

io¿j-I-Øns‚ HuNn-Xyw

"Ihnbpw kaq-l-Pohn' F∂ io¿j-Iw teJ-\-Øn\v FXamXw tbmPn-°p-∂p≠v?

$ F√m-hcpw kaq-l-Po-hn-I-fmWv.

$ F√m-h¿°pw kmaq-ln-I-amb hy‡n-Xz-ap-≠v.

$ kaq-l-Ønse ImgvN-Ifpw A\p-`-h-ß-fp-amWv cN-\-I-fn¬ ImWp-I.

$ kaq-l-Ønse Zpc-h-ÿ-Iƒ amdWw F∂m-K-ln® Ihn-bmWv Bim≥.

$ Bim≥ io\m-cm-bW [¿a-]-cn-]m-e\tbmK-Øns‚ BZy P\-d¬ skI-´-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

$ kaql D∂-Xn-°mbpw hnth-N-\-ßƒs°-Xn-cmbpw ]h¿Øn-®p.

$ Ihn-Xsb kmaq-lnI]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ Bbp-[-am°n.

Bi-b-ßƒ tImUo-I-cn®v io¿j-I-Øns‚ HuNnXyw hni-Z-am°n Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

123456789012345678901234123456789012345678901234123456789012345678901234Hcp IpS∂ shfn-®-ambv

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77

Bim\pw KpcphpwBim\pw KpcphpwBim\pw KpcphpwBim\pw KpcphpwBim\pw Kpcphpw

io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns‚ Z¿i-\-ß-fmWv Bim≥Ir-Xn-I-fpsS A¥¿[m-c. kmaq-lnI

\thm-∞m-\w, kmlnXy\thm-∞m-\sØ \bn-°p∂ ImgvN-bmWv Kpcphpw Ihnbpw

XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn¬ ]Xn-^-en-°p-∂-Xv.

PmXn-t`-Z-Nn-¥, aX-hn-tZzjw XpS-ßnb kmaq-lnI Zp¿\-b-ßsf Ihn-X-bn-eqsS BZy-

ambn A]-e-]n-®Xv io\m-cm-bWKpcp-hm-Wv. 1897 ˛ ¬ Fgp-Xnb "Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-

XI'-Øn¬Øs∂ aX-t`-Zhpw aX-hn-tZ-z-jhpw \nc¿Y-I-sa∂v Kpcp ÿm]n-®p.

Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ Imh-y-]-]-©-Øn¬ XpS°w apX¬ HSp°w hsc io\m-cm-bWKpcp

kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Bims‚ hy-‡n-X-z-Øn\pw Ihn-X-z-Øn\pw kzm-X-¥-y-Øn-

te-°p≈ am¿K-Zo-]-ambn h¿Øn-®Xv io\m-cm-bWKpcp-hm-Wv.

bqtdm-∏ns\ InSnewsIm≈n® alm-]-cn-h¿Ø\w

temI-sØ-ºm-Sp-ambn ]e kmwkv-Im-cnI \thm∞m-\-ßfpw \S-∂n-´p-≠v. ]gb aqe-y-

ßƒ F¥n-s\bpw tNmZywsNbvXp. bqtdm-∏ns\ InSnewsIm≈n® thmƒ´-bdpw

ZnZ-tdmhpw dqt mbpw a‰p-am-Wv, B \q‰m-≠n\v Cu‰n√w Hcp-°n-b-Xv. Ah-cpsS

]n∂mse h∂ hnπ-h-Im-cn-Iƒ Ipd-s®m-∂p-a-√. B Iq-´-Øn¬ bqtdm-]-y≥ kmaq-lnI

-h-y-h-ÿn-Xnsb Atº ]nSn®pIpep-°n-b-Xv Imƒam¿Ivkm-Wv. bqtdm-∏ns\ InSnew

sIm≈n® alm-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Ae-Iƒ C¥y-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI tIµ-ß-fnepw

B™-Sn-®p.

hymh-km-bnIhnπhwhymh-km-bnIhnπhwhymh-km-bnIhnπhwhymh-km-bnIhnπhwhymh-km-bnIhnπhw

1750 ˛ apX¬ 1850 hscbp≈ Imew bqtdm-∏n¬ BsI, hen-sbmcp hy-h-kmb

apt∂-‰-Øn\v \mµnIpdn-®p. _n´-\nse kmaq-lnI, kmº-Øn-I, kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-e-

I-fn¬ h≥ kzm-[o\w sNep-Øn-s°m≠v Irjn-bnepw hy-h-kmb D¬∏m-Z-\-Ønepw KXm-

K-X-Ønepw D≠mb ][m\ ]ptcm-K-Xn-I-sf-bmWv hy-h-kmbhnπhw F∂ ]ZwsIm≠v

hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu am‰-ßƒ ]n∂oSv bqtdm-∏n-te°pw hSt° Ata-cn-°-bn-te°pw

XpS¿∂v temI-sa-ºmSpw hym-]n-®p. C∂pw hy-h-km-b-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ cq]-Øn¬ CXp

XpS-cp-∂p. am\-h-N-cn-X-Øn¬ hen-sbmcp am‰-amWv hy-h-kmbapt∂-‰w (Industrial

Revolution) krjvSn-®-Xv.

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H≥]Xv

klm-b-K-Ÿ-ßƒklm-b-K-Ÿ-ßƒklm-b-K-Ÿ-ßƒklm-b-K-Ÿ-ßƒklm-b-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

$ ssIc-fn-bpsS IY ˛ F≥. IrjvW-∏n≈

$ Bim≥ IhnX Hcp ]T\w ˛ ap≠-t»cn

$ io\m-cm-bWKpcp-hns‚ kzm-[o-\Xae-bmfIhn-X-bn¬ ˛ tUm. sI. ]tim-`≥

$ Bims‚ ]Z-y-Ir-Xn-Iƒ ˛ kºm. Un.kn.-_pIvkv

$ A∂sØ tIcfw ˛ Un.kn.-_pIvkv

$ c≠n-S-ßgn ˛ XIgn

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Hc

p I

pS∂

shfn-®

-amb

v

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So®¿ sSIvÃv

So®¿ sSIvÃv

So®¿ sSIvÃv

So®¿ sSIvÃv

So®¿ sSIvÃv

79

$ Ihn-Xm-i-I-e-ßƒhmbn®v hni-I-e\wsNøm\pw Ipdn-∏p-IƒXbm-dm-°m-\papfftijn t\Sp-∂p.

$ hmbn® Ihn-X-bnse]ta-b-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ \ne-hn-ep-ffkmaq-lnIkml-N-cy-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-XaywsNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm°p-∂p.

$ kvt\lw, kzmX-¥yw,\thm∞m\w F∂nhbp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Bi-b-ap-ff Ihn-X-bnse hcn-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.Bibw Dƒs°m≠vIhnXsNm√n Bkz-Zn-°p-∂p.

$ LS-\-]m-en-®p-sIm≠vD]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

$ kmaqlnI]iv\-ßƒ ]ta-b-amb \nc-h[n Ihn-X-Iƒae-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠v.

$ kma-qlnI]iv\-ßsft\cn-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-ff Du¿Pw]I-cm≥ hnhn[ kmln-Xy-c-N-\-Iƒ°v F°m-eØpwIgn-™n- p-≠v.

$ a\p-jy-kvt\-l-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb kmaq-lnI ]cn-h¿Ø-\-am-bn-cp∂p alm-Ihn Ipam-c-\m-ims‚PohnXho£-Ww.

$ DZm-Ø-amb kzmX--¥y-t_m-[-amWv Bim≥Ihn-X-bpsSA¥¿[m-c. Imhym-fl-I-amb KZy-ssien]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.


bqWn‰vhn-i-I-e\w

Bibw/[mcW

][m\]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ




$ Ihn-Xm-i-I-e-ßƒtiJ-cn-°¬

$ N¿®/ kwhmZw

$ ]Xn-I-c-W-°p-dn∏vXbm-dm-°¬

$ Imhy--tIfn

$ eLp D]-\ymkwXbm-dm-°¬

$ BibkaKX

$ auen-I-amb \nco-£Ww

$ kzm`n-]mbw

$ DNn-X-amb mj

$ kam-\m-i-b-ap-ff Ihn-X-Iƒ Is≠-Ø¬

$ CuWw

$ Xmfw

$ i_vZ-I-ao-I-cWw

$ BapJw

$ Bi-b-I-ao-I-cWw

$ \nco-£Ww

$ `mj

$ D]-kw--lmcw

$ Ihn-X-Iƒ

$ N¿®°p-dn∏v

$ ]Xn-I-c-W-°p-dn∏v

$ Ihn-X-sNm√nBkz-Zn-°p∂p

$ eLp D]-\ymkw

Ih

nbpw

k

aq-l

-Poh

n

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H≥]Xv

_p≤s‚ D]-tZiw

B[p-\nI C¥-y-bpsS inev]n-sb∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°--s∏-Sp∂ Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp, Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠nse AX-yp-÷-ze hy-‡n-X-z-ß-fn¬ ]YaKW-\o-b-\mWv. kzm-X-¥-y-k-a-c-t\-Xm-hv, cmjvS-X-¥-⁄≥, KŸ-Im-c≥, Ncn-X-Im-c≥ XpSßn sshhn-[-y-am¿∂I¿Ω-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ hy-‡n-apZ ]Xn-∏n® ]Xn-`bmWt±lw. kz-X¥ C¥-y-bpsS]Ya][m-\-a-¥n-bmb At±lw tNcn-tN-cm-\-bm-h-X-c-W-Øn-eqsS temI-t\-Xm-hmbnamdn. P\m-[n-]Xy˛tkmj-y-enÃv at\m-`m-hhpw imkvXm-h-t_m-[hp-ap-≈ Hcp B[p-\nIkaqlw krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ia-ßƒ cmjvS-t\-Xm-sh∂ \ne-bn¬ At±lw\S-Øn. Ip™p-ß-sfbpw ]q°-sfbpw Gsd kvt\ln-®n-cp∂ At±-l-sØ temIwkvt\ltØmsS Nm®mPnsb∂v hnfn-®p. s\lvdp-hns‚ hnJ-ymXKŸ-ß-fn¬ ][m-\-s∏-´-h-bmWv hniz-N-cn-Xm-h-tem-I\w, C¥-ysb Is≠-Ø¬, Hc-—≥ aIƒ°b®IØp-Iƒ, Bfl-IY XpS-ßnbh. Ncn-X-Im-c-\mb s\lvdp-hns‚ imkvXob at\m-`m-h-Øn\pw (Scientific temper) hnim-e-amb temI-ho-£-W-Øn\pw Cu IrXn-IƒDØ-tam-Zm-l-c-Wßfm-Wv.

C¥ymNcn-X-sØbpw kwkvIm-c-sØbpw kw_-‘n® ka-K-Z¿i\w Dƒs°m-≈p∂"C¥ysb Is≠-Ø¬' F∂ IrXnbpsS cN\ Al-ΩZv\K¿ tIm´-bnse Ah-km-\sØ Pbn¬hmk-Im-e-ØmWv \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-´-Xv. hnim-e-amb temI-ho-£-WhpwimkvXobat\m-`m-hhpw _p≤s\°pdn-®p≈ s\lvdp-hns‚ At\-z-j-W-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bmWv. _pt≤m-]-tZ-i-ß-fnse AKm-[-amb Imcp-Wyhpw \nin-Xhpw kq£va-hp-amb bp‡n-t_m-[hpw ka-Im-enI]k‡nbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v "_p≤s‚D]-tZiw' F∂ ]mT- mKw \sΩ klm-bn-°pw. _p≤s‚ [¿Ω-t_m[w, \oXn-t_m[w,klm-\p-`q-Xn, Imcp-Wyw XpS-ßnb am\-hnIaqe-y-ß-fpsS B[mcw At±-l-Øns‚imkvXobkao-]-\-am-sW-∂v teJ-I≥ \nco-£n-°p-∂p. B ImeØv \ne-\n∂ Zp¿\n-b-a-ßsf Alnw-k-bn-eq-sSbpw Imcp-W-y-Øn-eq-sSbpw _p≤≥ Xncp-Øn. Hc-dn-hn-s\bpw_p≤≥ A¥naambn I≠n-√.

s\lvdphns\ _p≤\pambn _‘n∏n°p∂ ][m\ Imcyw _p≤≥ Xs‚ho£Wßfn¬ ]pe¿Ønbncp∂ hnimeXbpw imkvXob- at\m`mh-hpamsW∂pa\ nem°m≥ Cu teJ\w klmbn°pw. _p≤s‚ [¿Ωt_m[w, \oXnt_m[w,klm\p`qXn, IcpW XpSßnb khntijXIƒ amXta s]mXpth ]cntim[n-°s∏Sp∂p≈q. F∂m¬ Chbvs°√mw B[mcambncn°p∂Xv At±-lØns‚imkvXobkao]\amsW∂v hniZam°pIbmWv Phl¿em¬ s\lvdp.

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81

]mThniIe\w

Hcp cm„sa∂ \nebn¬ C¥ybpsS cm„obhpw kmºØnIhpamb]cnh¿Ø\ßƒ°p ]n∂n¬ C¥y≥ Nn¥m]≤Xnbmb _p≤aXØns‚kzm[o\sØ kqNn∏n®psIm≠mWv teJ\w XpSßp∂Xv. _p≤≥, Xs‚ ImeØp\ne\n∂ A‘hnizmkßsfbpw A\mNmcßsfbpw PmXobamb D®\oNXz-ßsfbpw D∑qe\w sNøm≥ ian®Xns‚ kqN\Ifpw AXneS-ßnbn´p≠v. _p≤s‚D∂Xamb am\hnIX cmjvS-in -ev]n -bmb s\lvdphns\ kzm[o\n®Xns‚Zr„m¥amWv At±lw D≤cn®ptN¿Øncn°p∂ _p≤Nn¥Iƒ. AXn¬ hnimeambam\hnIX, ssaXot_m[w, PmXnt_m[Øns‚ Abp‡nIX, \oXn\njvTbpsSbpwBflkwba-\Øns‚bpw BhiyIX F∂nhsb√mw sXfn™p ImWp∂p≠v.

XpS¿∂v s\lvdp _p≤s‚ kzX¥amb At\zjWcoXn hniZoIcn-°p-∂p. _p≤≥\S-Øp∂ Iogvhg°ßfpsS ewL\ßsf-bmWv AhnsS ImWp∂Xv. bp‡n-Nn¥bn√msX, ImcyImcW_‘w Is≠ØmsX, A\p`hsØ ]cnKWn-°msXB¿°pw kXysØ Is≠Øm\mhpIbn√ F∂ hkvXpXbv°v _p≤≥ \¬Inb]m[m\yw s\lvdp FSpØp]dbp∂p. AXneqsS At±lw cmjvS-hn-Im-k-Øn¬imkvXobat\m-`m-h-Øn-\p≈ ]m[m\yØn\mWv ASnhcbnSp∂Xv. Xs‚ [¿Ωwt]mepw kzoIcn°p∂Xv ]co£WØn\pw \nco£WØn\pw tijta BImhqF∂v _p≤≥ ]dbp∂XneqsS B imkvXobkao]\Øns‚ kq£vaXXs∂bmWv shfnhm°p∂Xv. CXv _p≤\v kz¥w kn≤m¥Ønep≈ Bflhnizm-kØns‚ ]Xn- -e-\-amWv. kmº-Zm-bnI aX/ssZhk¶-¬∏-ß-fn¬\n∂v hyXykvX-amWv _p≤s‚ At\z-jWhgn. X\nsb \n¬°p∂ Hcp i‡nsb, tIheXzsØ_p≤\p XnI®pw ]cnKWn°m≥ IgnbmsXt]mIp∂Xv ]ckv]cmibXz-tØmsSb√msX H∂n\pw \ne\n¬∏n√ F∂ t_m[yØns‚ ASnÿm-\ØnemWv.Xs‚ At\zjWhpw \nco£Whpw bp‡nt_m[hpw ]ckv]cm-inXamb HcptemIsØbpw ]]©sØ-bpamWv Is≠ØnbXv. Dulmt]m-lßsf X≈nsXfnhpIƒ°v, AYhm Cµnbm\p`hthZyXbv°v \¬Ip∂ ]m[m\yws\lvdphn\pw kzoImcy-amb imkvXob-kao]\-coXnbtX.

]caamb kXyw F¥msW∂ X¿°Øn¬ henb Imcyan√. Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw]dbp∂Xns‚ \nc¿YIXbmWv XpS¿∂p teJ-\-Øn¬ hniIe\w sNøp∂Xv.]Xy£Øn¬ ImWp∂hbpsS D≈n¬Øs∂, ImWm\m-ImØXpw F∂m¬Is≠Øm≥ km[n°p∂Xpamb hkvXpXIƒ Hfn™ncn∏p≠v. ImWp∂p F∂pIcpXn Ds≠∂p ]dbp∂Xpw ImWp∂n√ F∂p IcpXn Cs√∂p ]dbp∂XpwkXyamIWsa∂n√. Xobpw ]pgbpsams° \mw t\cn´p ImWp∂XmWt√m.Xobp≠v. F∂m¬ t\ctØ I≠ Xob√ Ct∏mgp≈Xv. B Xob√ C\n IØm≥t]mIp∂ Xo. AXpsIm≠v Xo Ds≠∂p ]dbp∂Xv icnbmsW¶nepwkq£vam¿YØn¬ Xo amdns°mt≠-bncn°p∂Xmbn°mWmw. CXpXs∂bmWv]pgbpsS ImcyØnepw. sh≈samgpIp∂XpsIm≠v, t\ctØ I≠ sh≈a√Ct∏mƒ HgpIp∂Xpw C\n HgpIm≥ t]mIp∂Xpw. CXns‚sb√mw s]mcpƒam‰amWv. F√mw Cßs\ amdns°m≠ncn°p∂p F∂Xn\m¬ Ct∏mƒ \mw Ds≠∂pw

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H≥]Xv

Cs√∂pw ]dbp∂Xn¬ bp‡nbn√. AXpsIm≠v imizXambXv F∂ H∂n√.AXmbXv am‰an√mØhbn√ F∂¿Yw. F√mw Hcp XpS¿®bmWv, Hc\ph¿Ø\-]cºc. Imehpw Aßs\Øs∂ F∂p ImWmw. am‰an√mØ H∂n\v, imizX-kØmkmcØn\v amdns°m≠ncn°m≥ km[ya√t√m. AXpt]mseØs∂, HcphkvXphn\pw AXnt‚XpamXamb \ne\n¬t∏m hy‡nXztam C√. a‰p≈hbpambnAsXßs\ _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p F∂Xns‚ ASnÿm\ØnemWv HmtcmhkvXphn\pw AkvXnXztam hy‡nXztam e`n°p∂Xv. B \nebv°v F√mw]ckv]cw Bibn®mWv \ne\n¬°p∂Xpw ]cnWan°p∂Xpw. tZlw am‰Øn\phnt[bamWv F∂ t]mseØs∂ Bflmhpw amdns°m≠ncn°p∂p. Bflmhvam‰an√mØXmWv F∂ ]c-º-cm-KX k¶¬∏-Øn\v hncp-≤-amWv Cu ImgvN-∏mSv.Hmtcm∂pw hfcptºmƒXs∂ acn®psIm≠pancn°p∂p F∂p ]dbp∂Xv Cuam‰Øns‚ ]›mØeØnemWv. AXpsIm≠mWv "\nc¥cw ]cnW-an®psImt≠-bncn°p∂ Hcp A`n∂XbpsS, thdnńcn°m≥ ]‰mØhbpsS, ]ckv]cwBibn®pamXw \ne\n¬°p∂hbpsS Hc\pkyqXXzamWv, XpS¿®bmWv F√mw'F∂p ]dbp∂Xv.

Xm≥ ]dbp∂Xpt]mepw ]q¿Wambncn°m≥ km[yXbn√mØXmWv F∂p _p≤≥tkmZm-l-cWw injy-¿°p t_m[y-s∏-SpØns°mSp-°p∂p. F√mw am‰Øn\p hnt[b-ambXn\m¬ Xs‚ Bibßƒ°pw am‰w kw`hn°mXncn°n√ F∂ _p≤s‚Xncn®dnhv At±lØns‚ AKm-[-amb imkvXobm-ht_m[Øns‚ sXfnhp-IqSnbmWv F∂p ImWm≥ hnjaan√.

]mTmhXcWw

A[ym-]nI "kn≤m¿Y\pw Acb∂hpw' F∂ IY Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

tZhZØ≥ F∂ cmPIpamc\mbncp∂p kn≤m¿Ys‚ Ifn°q´pImc≥. Hcn°¬

Ccphcpw Hcpan®v DZym\ØneqsS \S°pIbmbncp∂p. At∏mgmWv tZhZØ≥ B

ImgvN I≠Xv. BImiØneqsS Hcp]‰w Acb∂ßƒ ]d∂pt]mIp∂p.

kn≤m¿Ys\m∏w AkvXhnZy ]Tn® tZhZØs\mcp tamlw˛Ahbv°p t\sc

icab®mtem! tZhZØ≥ ]ns∂m∂pw BtemNn®n√. Acb∂ßsf e£y-an´v icw

sXmSpØp. hmbpthKØn¬ icw Acb∂ßfnsem∂ns‚ icocØn¬ sN∂p Xd®p.

Atº‰ Acb∂w h∂phoWXv kn≤m¿YcmPIpamcs‚ Im¬°embncp∂p.

tNmchm¿∂v, thZ\sIm≠v ]pfbp∂ B ]£nsb I≠v cmPIpamc≥ BZysam∂v

Aºc∂p. ]ns∂ AXns\ hmcnsbSpØp.

""kn≤m¿Ym, B Acb∂sØ F\n°p Xcq. Rm\mWv AXns\ FbvXp hogvØnbXv ''

˛ HmSnsbØnb tZhZØ≥ ]d™p.

kn≤m¿Ys\m∂p sRń. tZhZØ\mtWm CXns\ FbvXphogvØnbXv ?

BImiØneqsS BÀmZtØmsS ]d∂p Ifn°p∂ ]£nsb AsºbvXp hogvØm≥

F¥v AhImiamWp≈Xv ? a\pjysct∏mse a‰p PohnIƒ°pw Cu `qanbn¬

Pohn°m≥ AhImiant√? amXa√, a\pjy≥ as‰mcp Pohnsb thZ\n∏n°p∂Xpw

sIm√p∂Xpw icntbm? kn≤m¿Y\v k¶Shpw tIm]hpw AS°m\mbn√. F¶nepw

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83

im¥kzcØn¬ B Ipamc≥ ]d™p : ""C√ tZhZØm, Rm\nXns\ \n\°p Xcn√.

F\n°v CXns\ c£n°Ww.'' F∂n´v kn≤m¿Y≥ B ]£nbpsS icocØnte‰ icw

]Xps° DucnsbSpØp. c‡sa√mw IgpIn°f™v apdnhn¬ acp∂ph®p.

Cu [n°mcw tZhZØ\v kln°m\mbn√. Ah≥ DSs\ sIm´mcØnseØn

k`mhmknItfmSv \S∂sX√mw ]d™p. ]£nbpsS AhImin tZhZØ≥ Xs∂.

B¿°pw kwibap≠mbn√.

]cmXn ipt≤mZ\ almcmPmhns‚ AcnInseØn. cmPmhp ]d™p :

""Ipamcm, kn≤m¿Ys‚ ]£ØmWv icn. B ]£n kn≤m¿Y\v AhImis∏´XmWv.

Ah\mWv AXns\ c£n°m≥ ian®Xv. \obmIs´, AXns\ sIm√m\mWv Xp\n™Xv.

sIm√p∂h\√, c£n°p∂h\mWv bYm¿Y AhImin.''

IY \¬Ip∂ ktµiw F¥v? N¿®.

kn≤m¿Ys‚ ImcpWyw, klPohnkvt\lw, \oXnt_m[w, hnimeambtemIho£Ww XpSßnb Bib[mcWbnte°v FØnt®cp∂ hn[-Øn¬tImUo-I-cn-°-Ww.

$ Cu kn≤m¿Y-cm-P-Ip-am-c-\mWv ]n∂o-Sv- io_p-≤-\mbnØo¿∂-Xv. XpS¿∂v ]i-kvX-amb as‰mcp _p≤-I-Y-bpsS ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

Ip∂pw aebpw Xm≠nbp≈ ITn\bmXbnem-bn-cp∂p _p≤\pw injy\mb B\-µ-

\pw. \S∂p Xf¿∂ _p≤≥, hgn-b-cn-Inse ]pg-bn¬\n∂v Ipd®v Zml-Pew sIm≠p-

h-cm≥ injy-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. sXm´p-ap≥]v IS∂pt]mb km¿Y-hm-l-I-kwLw

Cdßn ]pg Ie-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ipd-®p-t\cwIqSn bmXsNbvXp Ign™v sh≈w

FSp-°p-∂-Xmhpw DNnXw F∂v B\-µ≥ ]Xn-h-Nn-®p. Ct∏mƒØs∂ sh≈w thWw

F∂mbn _p≤≥. Kpcp-hns‚ ]Xn-I-c-W-Øn¬ ]bmkw tXm∂n-sb-¶nepw B\-µ≥

sh≈-sa-Sp-°m-\mbn t]mbn. ]pg-b-cn-In-se-Ønb B\-µ≥, sXfn™p im¥-ambn Hgp-

Ip∂ Pew I≠v Aº-c∂p. Kpcp-hns‚ imTy-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ injy\v Xncn-®-dn-hm-bn.

GXp Ie-°hpw amdpw; Hc¬∏w ImØn-cn-°-W-sa∂p amXw.

Cu IY \¬Ip∂ Xncn-®-dn-hp-Iƒ Fs¥ms°?

eLpN¿® ˛ tImUo-I-cWw

XpS¿∂v ]kn-≤-amb _pt≤m-]-tZ-i-ß-fpsS ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ \o \n\°pXs∂ Zo]ambn h¿Øn°p∂psh¶n¬ \o \n∂n¬Øs∂ A`bwIs≠Øp∂p (\o Xs∂bmWv \ns‚ hnf°v).

$ £abmWv G‰hpw henb ]m¿Y\.

$ Bbncw XncnIƒ°p shfn®w ]I¿∂psImSp°p∂XpsIm≠v HcpsagpIpXncnbpsS Bbp v Ipdbp∂n√. ]¶phbv°s∏Sp∂ kt¥mjhpwAXpt]msebmWv.

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H≥]Xv

$ \sΩ \mam°p∂Xv \ΩpsS Nn¥IfmWv.

Hmtcm Z¿i-\w -hoXw c≠v Kq∏p-Iƒ°v \¬Ip-∂p.

Kq∏n¬ N¿® ˛ Ah-X-c-Ww

_p≤-Z¿i-\-ß-ƒ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ teJ-\-amWv "_p≤-Z¿i\w' F∂ ]mT-`m-Kw. ]mT-`m-KØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ _p≤-Z¿i-\-ßƒ Is≠Øp-I.

$ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv _p≤-Z¿i-\-ßsf°pdn®v Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

cN\mkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Ømw

""]pg \nc-¥cw Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. \nanjwtXmdpw AXv Aß-s\-Øs∂.Xo\mfw ]Im-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. AXns‚ cq]hpw BIr-Xnbpw t]mse \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p. F¶nepw AsXm-cn-°epw AtX -\m-f-ambn \n¬°p-∂n-√; A\p-\n-anjwamdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Aßs\ F√mw \nc-¥cw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. PohnXwAXns‚ \m\m-cq-]-ß-fnepw Bbn-Øo-c-ens‚ Hcp ]hm-l-am-Wv.''

$ s\lvdp-hns‚ NcnXIrXn-Iƒ Ihn-Xbpw \mS-Ihpw t\mhepw t]mse k¿Km-flI kmlnXy-tIm-Sn-bn¬s∏Sp-∂p. Ch-bpsSsb√mw kz- m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Ah-bn¬ A¥¿`hn-®n-´p-≠v.

kmln-Xy-in-ev]n-bmb s\lvdp ˛ kn.]n. io[-c≥

n s\lvdp-hns‚ Ncn-X-Ir-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kn.]n. io[-cs‚ \nco-£-W-ßƒapI-fn¬ \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ ]mT-`m-KØv ]I-S-amtWm?

n k¿Km-flIkmln-X-y-Øns‚ Fs¥√mw -k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv s\lvdp-hns‚IrXn-I-fn¬ Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpI?

N¿® tImUo-I-cWw

$ Xmfm-fl-I-amb KZy- mj

$ Na-¬°mc`wKn

$ `mhm-flI ]tbm-K-ßƒ

$ \mS-Io-b-amb BJym-\-coXn

k¿Km-flIIrXn-Iƒ°p amXw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Smhp∂ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ ]mT-`m-KØp\n∂p Is≠Øp∂p. Kq∏n¬ N¿® ˛ Ah-X-c-Ww. Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

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85

hni-I-e\°pdn∏v Xbm-dm°mw

""Fs‚ Kpcp-hmb io_p≤-\n¬\n∂mWv Rm≥ ka-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Bi-b-ßƒkzmb-Ø-am-°n-b-Xv. _p≤-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ kzm-X-¥-y-Øn\pw kmtlm-Z-c-y-Øn\pw \n¿Wm-b-I-amb ÿm-\-am-Wp-≈-Xv.'' ˛ tUm. _n.B¿. Awt_-ZvI¿

""Hcn-°epw Cu temI-Øn¬ hntZ-zjwsIm≠v hntZ-zjw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂n-√. kvt\lwsIm≠v hntZ-zjw C√m-Xm-hp-∂p.'' ˛ _p≤≥

n \ΩpsS c-W-L-S-\m-in-ev]n-bmb _n.B¿. Awt_-ZvI¿ io_p-≤s\ Kpcp-hmbnIcp-Xp-∂-sX-¥p-sIm-≠mhpw?

N¿®

Ipń-Iƒ Kq∏p-I-fmbn ]mT- mKw ]cn-tim-[n®v kam\ _p≤Z¿i-\ßƒ Is≠-Øp∂p.

N¿® ˛ Ah-X-cWw

kaqlw C∂-\p-`-hn-°p∂ Ak-ln-jvWp-X, ]I, kwL¿jw F∂n-h-bpsS Imc-W-ßƒ Cu aqe-y-ß-fpsS A`m-h-am-sW∂ [mc-W-bn-te°v Ipń-Isf \bn-°p-∂p. ]mT-`m-KØp \n∂v Is≠-Ønb _p≤-Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS ImenI]k‡n ]cn-tim-[n®v Ipdn∏vXbm-dm°p-∂p.

$ Adn-b-s∏´ F√m hkvXp-°-sf-bbpw kw_-‘n® \nc-t]-£-amb H∂mWv tIh-eXzw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v hnh-£n-®n-´p-≈-sX-¶n¬, AXns‚ kØ-sb, Adn-b-s∏´bmsXmcp tlXp-hm-Z-coXn sIm≠pw ÿm]n-°pI km[y-a-√...'''

N¿®

ChnsS Nne ]Z-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ Bib-ßƒ Is≠-tØ≠n hcp-a-t√m. AXn\v DX-Ip∂ tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°mw.

-- F¥mWv tIh-eXzw?

˛ tlXp-hm-Z-coXn F∂m-se¥v?

tIh-eXzw ˛ \nc-t]£w (as‰m-∂ns\ Bi-bn-°msX \n¬°¬)

F√m hkvXp-°-fp-sSbpw H∂nepw tNcmsX \n¬°p∂, X\n-®p≈\n¬∏v tIh-eXzw.

tlXp-hmZw ˛ Nm¿hm-I-aXw

Imcy-Im-c-W-ßƒ B[m-c-am-°¬

tImUo-I-cWw

F√m hkvXp-°-fp-sSbpw H∂nepw tNcmsX X\n-®p≈ \n¬∏mWv tIh-eXzsa¶n¬AXns‚ D◊sb \ne-\n¬∏ns\ Adn-b-s∏´ Imcy-Im-cW _‘w-sIm≠v ÿm]n-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. \mw Adn-bp∂ ]]©w ]c-kv]c _‘n-X-am-Wv.

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H≥]Xv

\ne-]mSv ka¿Yn-°p-I

$ ""a‰p-≈-hs‚ taep≈ Pbwt]mepw Akp-J-I-c-ß-fmb ê-ßƒ sNøpw.hnPbw hntZ-z-j-sØ P\n-∏n-°p-∂p. ImcWw, hnPn-X≥ ZpxJnX-\mWv.''


n _p≤s‚ Cu D]-tZiØns‚ s]mcp-sf¥mWv? N¿®, tImUo-I-c-Ww.

F√m a’-cßfnepw Pbn-°m-\p≈ tijnbpw PohnXkml-N-c-y-ßfpw kn≤m¿Y-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂n´pw kz¥w hnPbw a‰p-≈-hs‚ ]cm-P-b-am-Ip-∂p-sh-¶n¬, AXv]cm-Pn-Xs\ thZ-\n-∏n-°p∂psh¶n¬, B thZ\ kz¥w thZ-\-bmbn G-‰p-hm-ßp∂a\- mWv kn≤m¿YcmP-Ip-am-c-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv (kn≤m¿Y\pw Ac-b-∂hpw F∂ IYHm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p) F∂ [mc-W-bnte°p IpńIsf \bn-°p-∂p. anPn-X≥ F∂ ]Z-Øn\v ]cm-Pn-X≥ F∂v A¿Y-ap-≠v Ft∂m¿°p-I. (hnK-X-amb Pb-tØmSp IqSn-b-h≥) ]cm-Pn-X-\n¬ hntZzjw P\n-°p-a-t√m.

$ FUzn≥ B¿t\m-ƒUv F∂ BwK-tebIhn-bpsS "Z sse‰v Hm^v Gjy' F∂hniz-]-kn≤ IrXn-°v alm-Ihn Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ ]cn-`m-jbmb "io_p≤-N-cnX'Ønse Hcp `mKw ss…Uv ]Z¿in-∏n°p-∂p.

""bph-cm-Pm-°ƒ tN¿∂p tam-Sn-bn¬ \mbm-Sp-tºm-f˛-h-t\-°mƒ ss[c-y-am¿t∂m-Sn®o-e-i-z-amcpwIfn®p-t]m-cm-Sp-tºmƒ ap‰Øp bphm-°ƒ tX¿sXfn-®o-Sp∂Xnep-ahs\ sh∂o-emcpwF∂mepw _me≥ th-´-bm-Sp-tºm-f-Sn-°Sn\n∂p-t]m, tamSn-t∏mIpw arK-sØ-sb-bvXn-SmsXF∂p-a-√n-jvS-Ip-am-c-∑m-cn-em¿s°-¶nepwJn∂X tXm¬hn-sIm≠v I≠mepw a’-c-Øn¬''

kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]men-®n-cp-∂h Xs∂-bmtWm io_p-≤≥ D]-tZ-in-®n-cp-∂-Xv?Imhy-`mKw hni-I-e\w sNbvXp Is≠-Øp-I.

$ th´-bm-Sm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-Ip∂ thf-I-fn¬ arK-ß-tfm-Sp≈ kvt\l-Im-cp-Wy-ß-fm¬ Ahsb Asº-øm-Xn-cn-°p-∂p (Alnwk F∂ BZ¿iw).

$ AP-ø\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ]nb-kp-lr-Øp-°ƒ°v k¶-S-ap-≠m-hp-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬a’-c-ß-fn¬ hnP-bn-bm-Im≥ ]cn-i-an-®n-cp-∂n-√.

Bi-b-ß-fn¬\n∂v kz¥w \ne-]mSp hni-Zo-I-cn®v Ipdn∏vv Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

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87

imkvXat\m`mhwimkvXat\m`mhwimkvXat\m`mhwimkvXat\m`mhwimkvXat\m`mhw

bp‡nbpsSbpw imkvXobam¿KØns‚bpw ]cnanXnIsfms° a\ nem°n-

bncp∂mepw \mw ]ns∂bpw \ΩpsS apgph≥ i‡ntbmSpwIqSn AhsbØs∂

hnSmsX apdpsI ]nSn°Ww. ImcWw, B Dd® AkvXnhmchpw ]›mØe-

hpans√¶n¬, HcpXcØnepap≈ kXyØns‚tbm bmYm¿YyØns‚tbm taepw \ΩpsS

]nSn Ddbv°pIbn√.kXyØns‚ Awiw a\ nem°n, AXp \ΩpsS PohnXØn¬

]tbmKn°pIbmWv. bmsXm∂pw a\ nem°msX, kØbpsS \nKqVXsb

t`Zn°m\p≈ Hcp hy¿YbXv\Øn¬ \n lmbambn InS∂v \´w Xncnbp∂Xns\°mƒ

t`Zw. C∂v F√m cmPyßsfbpw P\ßsfbpw kw_‘n®nStØmfw imkvXØns‚

]tbmKßƒ Hgnhm°m\pw XSp°m\pw hømXmIp∂p. ]t£, AXns‚

]tbmKØnepw Ihn™ Ft¥m Bhiyambncn°p∂p. AXv imkvXobamb

D]IaamWv. imkvXØns‚ kmlknIsa¶nepw hna¿i\mflIamb `mhw

kXyØn\pw ]pØ≥ Adnhn\pw th≠nbp≈ At\zjWw, ]co£n°msXbpw

]tbmKn®p t\m°msXbpw Fs¥¶nepw AwKoIcn°m≥ Iq´m°mXncn°¬, ]pXnb

sXfnhpIƒ In´ptºmƒ Ahb\pkcn®v ]gb \nKa\ßƒ am‰m\p≈ Ignhv, ap≥Iqń

k¶¬∏n®ph® XØzsØb√, \nco£WØn¬ sXfn™ hkvXpXsb Ahew_n-

°¬, a\ ns‚ ITn\ kwba\w˛CsXms°bpw BhiyamWv; imkvXØns‚

]tbmKØn\p amXa√, PohnXØn\pXs∂bpw AXns‚ \m\m]iv\ßfpsS

]cnlmcØn\pw.

(C¥ysb Is≠Ø¬

hnh¿Ø\w : kn.F®v. Ip™∏)

_p≤aXsØ∏‰n_p≤aXsØ∏‰n_p≤aXsØ∏‰n_p≤aXsØ∏‰n_p≤aXsØ∏‰n

"`mhnbnse aXw' F∂p]dbp∂Xv ]]©kw_‘nbmb aXamWv. AXv ]IrXn]chpw

B[ymflnIhpamb Imcyßƒ IqńbnW°p∂Xpw F√mhn[ A\p`hßfpsSbpw

shfn®Ønep≈Xpw ]IrXn, B[ymflnIX F∂nhbpsS A¿Y]q¿Wamb

sFIysØ Dƒs°m≈p∂Xpw Bbncn°pw.

˛B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão≥

_p≤aXw Nn¥bpsSbpw imkvXobXbpsSbpw ka\zbamb XØzimkvXamWv.

imkvXobkXyßƒ D]tZin°p∂ aXamWXv. bp‡n]q¿hamb Nn¥Ifnte°p

\bn°pIhgn \ΩpsS ]e ckIcamb tNmZyßƒ°pw DØcw \¬Im≥

_p≤aXØn\v Ignbp∂p.

˛ _¿S‚v d ¬

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H≥]Xv

AjvS-am¿Kw

temIw ZpxJa-b-am-Ip-∂p. XrjvW, Zp¿tam-lw, Imaw, kzm¿Yw F∂n-h-bmWv ZpxJØn-\p≈ Imc-W-ßƒ. Ch-bn¬\n∂p ap‡n t\Sp-∂-Xn\v _p≤-a-X-Øn¬ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂-XmWv AjvS-am¿K-ßƒ. kay-IvZr-jvSn, kayIvk¶¬∏w, kayIvhm-°v, kayIvI¿aw, kay-Iv- B-Po-hw, kayIv hymbm-aw, kay-Ivkvar-Xn, kay-Ivk-am[n F∂n-h-bm-Wh.

1. kay-IvZrjvSn : - icn-bmb ImgvN. kXysØ Adn-b-em-Wn-Xv.ZpxJIm-c-W-ß-fmb XrjvW, Imaw, kzm¿YX XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬\n∂pwtamN\w t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ hgn-bmbn AjvS-am¿K-ßsf Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-XmWv kay-IvZr-jvSn.

2. kay-°-¬∏\ (kayIv k¶¬∏w) : CXp a\- nse kwi-b-ßƒ C√m-Xm-°-em-Wv. a‰p-≈-hsc tZmln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I, ]q¿W-ambn kvt\ln-°p-I, F√m-h-cp-sSbpw kpJ-Øn-\mbn ]h¿Øn-°p-I, Cµn-b-kp-J-ß-fn¬ apgp-Im-Xn-cn-°pI F∂nh-bmWv kayIv k¶¬∏Øn¬ hcp-∂Xv.

3. kayIv hN\w (kayIv hm°v) : \pW, ]c-Zq-j-Ww, Zp¿`m-jWw,P¬∏\w F∂n-h-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-I. kvt\l-P-\-I-hpw ]nb-X-chpw \b-]q¿W-hp-ambn hm°p-Iƒ ssIs°m-≈p-I. \∑-\n-d™hm°pamXw ]d-bp-I.

4. kayIv I¿am¥w (kayIv I¿Ωw) : lXy, tamj-Ww, hy`n-NmcwF∂nh kaq-lsØ XI¿®-bn-te°p \bn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah Hgn-hm-°p-I. A\y¿°p \∑-h-cp∂ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøp-I. ]hrØn-bn¬ \∑\nd-bv°pI.

5. kayIv BPohw : kaq-l-Øn\v tZmlw sNøp∂ D]-Po-h-\-am¿KwkzoI-cn-°-cp-Xv. kXy-k-‘hpw ]cn-ip-≤-hp-amb D]-Po-h-\-am¿Kta kzoI-cn-°m-hq. Pohn-°m-\p-≈Xv \√ ]hr-Øn-bn-eqsS amXw t\Sp-I.

6. kayIv hocyw (kayIv hymbm-aw) : Zp¿hn-Nm-c-ßƒ a\- n-te°p]th-in-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI, ]th-in-®-hsb ]pd-Øm-°p-I.i≤-tbmsSbpw Imcp-Wy-tØm-sS-bpap≈ bXv\-am-Wn-Xv.

7. kayIvkvarXn : icocw aen-\-h-kvXp-°-fm¬ \nd-™-Xm-sW∂hkvXpX Ft∏mgpw Hm¿°p-I, kpJhpw ZpxJhpw Xcp∂ hkvXp-X-Isf XpS¿®-bmbn a\\w sNøp-I. aa-Xm-_-‘-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip∂tZmj-ßƒ hne-bn-cp-Øp-I. CXn¬\n∂p ]pd-Øp-I-S-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-ßsf Ipdn®v Btem-Nn-°p-I. Pohn-X-Øn-ep≈ icn-bmb Nn¥-bm-WnXv.

8 kay-Ivk-am[n : GIm-KX e`n-°m\p≈ am\-knI]cnio-e-\-amWv \√[ym\w. Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ \nc-¥c[ym\w. CXp im¥n-bn-te°pw

\n¿hm-W-Øn-te°pw \bn-°pw.

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89

sse‰v Hm^v Gjy ˛ FUzn≥ B¿t\mƒUv

io_p≤s‚ PohnXw ]tabambn 1879 ¬ FUzn≥ B¿t\mƒUv cNn® "Z sse‰v

Hm^v Gjy' F∂ KŸw At±lsØ A\izc\m°n. AiztLmjs‚ io_p≤NcnXw

F∂ IrXn ASnÿm\s∏SpØnbmWv Cu IrXn cNn®ncn°p∂Xv. GjybpsS

shfn®sØ temIsaßpw FØn°m\p≈ Hcp bqtdm]ys‚ iaambn CXns\ ImWmw.

"KoXtbmSpw Jp¿Bt\mSpw ss__nfnt\mSpw F¥psIm≠pw kam\Xbpff

hnip≤KŸw' F∂mWv Cu ImhysØ∏‰n kzman hnthIm\µ≥ A`n]mbs∏ń-

cn°p∂Xv. io_p≤NcnXw F∂ t]cn¬ almIhn Ipamc\mim≥ CXv ]cn`mjs∏Sp-

Øn-bn- p-≠v.

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ae-bmfw-

ae-bmfw-

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H≥]Xv

• teJ-\ßƒ hmbn®veLp-\n-cq-]-W-ßƒXbm-dm-°p-∂p.

$ _p≤-Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS ka-Im-enI ]k‡n Is≠-Øp-∂p.

$ teJ\ß-fnseimkvXob at\m-`mhwXncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ IrXn-I-fnse cN-\m-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂p.

• _p≤Z¿i-\-ßƒ s\lvdp-hns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isfkzm[o-\n-®n-´p-≠v.

$ hntZz-jsØ hntZzjwsIm≠√ kvt\lwsIm≠mWv Pbn-t°-≠-Xv.

$ tIm[sØ ImcpWywsIm≠pw Xn∑sb \∑-sIm≠pw t\cn-S-Ww.

$ \ΩpsS Adn-hns‚ temI-Øn-\-∏p-dØpw FÆm≥IgnbmØX kXy-ß-fp-≠v.

$ _p≤-Z¿i-\-ßƒ s\lvdp-hns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isfkzm[o-\n-®n-´p-≠v.

$ s\lvdp-hns‚ ho£-W-ß-fnse imkvXob at\m-`mhw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ Ah-X-c-W-co-Xn, mjF∂nh IrXn-Isf lrZy-am-°p-∂p.


bqWn‰vhn-i-I-e\w

Bibw/[mcW ][m\]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ




• \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏vXøm-dm-°¬

$ ImenI ]k‡nIs≠-Ø¬

$ hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏vXbm-dm-°¬

$ D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°¬

$ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ N¿®

$ Bibw$ kz¥w \nco-£Ww$ `mj

$ Bibw$ Ah-X-c-W-an-Ihv$ kz¥w \nco-£Ww

$ Bibw$ hni-I-e-\-tijn$ kz¥w \nco-£Ww

$ BapJw$ D≈-S°w$ B[n-Im-cn-IX$ `mj

$ Bibw$ kz¥w \nco-£Ww$ `mj

$ Bibw$ A]-K-Y-\-tijn$ `mj

• \nco-£WIpdn∏v

$ Ipdn∏v

$ hni-I-e-\-Ip-dn∏v

$ D]-\ymkw

$ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬Ipdn∏v

$ Ipdn∏v

_p≤

s‚ D

]-tZ

iw

ae-bmf · 2019-06-28 · State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala.

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