A Journey Through the Human Body WHS Science Nutrients Biology: The Everyday Experience. Glencoe, p. 184.

A Journey Through the Human Body

WHS Science

NutrientsBi

olog

y: T

he E

very

day

Expe

rienc

e. G

lenc

oe, p

. 184

.

In pairs, match the following..

A. EsophagusB. PeristalsisC. Gall BladderD. LiverE. HClF. Large Intestine

___ Produces Bile

___ Stores Bile

___ Site of water absorption

___ Found in your stomach

___ Muscle contractions

___Connects mouth to stomach

Nutrients then go to….

Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary

Vein

From the circulatory system, the nutrients and oxygen can go to either….

• Reproductive system• Musculoskeletal system• Excretory system

Cell Division and Reproduction

Meiosis is a process of cell division of the reproductive cells, in organisms that reproduce sexually, to produce (gametes) sex cells containing only half the number of chromosomes (haploid cells).

How is this different from mitosis?In Mitosis cells reproduce themselves by cell division to produce more skin cells or muscle cells or whatever cells.These types of cells are called Somatic cells.When these cells divide, each of the daughter cells has the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell and is identical to it.

Meiosis involves two cell divisions that produce four haploid cells.

Mitosis vs Meiosis

Somatic cells Reproductive cellsMitosis Meiosis

Diploid chromosome

Meiosis 1

1st division Haploid

Meiosis 22nd division

46 46

46 46 23 23

23 23 23 23

The total number of chromosomes in a human body cell (somatic cell) is 46. Each parent gives you the same amount of genetic information – a set of 23 chromosomes in a sex cell.Human body cells (somatic cells) are diploid – a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes.Gametes (sex cells) are haploid – contain one complete set of chromosomes.

Chromosomes that are similar in shape, length and gene arrangement are called homologous chromosomes.They carry genes for the same traits, in the same position on the chromosome. One is from the mother and one is from the father.

How these genes interact determines your appearance etc.During the early part of meiosis, homologous chromosomes come together and crossing over can occur.Here segments carrying genes for the same traits cross over and exchange segments of DNA.

Male Reproductive Organs

In pairs, label the diagram below, and match the definitions in #2 to their structures

CB

D

D

F

A

D

B

Urinary System

Kidneys

Bladder

Ureter

Urethra

Musculoskeletal

S ke le ta l M u sc le S m o oth M u sc le C a rd ia c M u sc le

3 T yp es o f M u sc les

Four Main jobs of a Bone:1. To protect your body and give

it shape.2. To protect your internal

organs.3. To provide a scaffolding for

your muscles, allowing you to move.

4. To store minerals and make blood cells.

Task 1.

Athletes who eat properly wonder whether there are food products that could help them in their sport. There are special products on the market such as energy bars, energy gels and recovery bars. Depending on their nature, these products are designed to be used at different times throughout a competition. They also differ in terms of their nutritional composition. Analyze the nutrition facts (composition and quantities) found on different labels, and then match each label with the corresponding product (energy bar, energy gel or recovery bar). Name each of the nutrients in each product and explain how it benefits athletes.

Task 2.

For a sprinter, the starting signal is very important because the outcome of a race is decided by hundredths of a second. The sprinter's senses must therefore be razor sharp. A prototype starter pistol combining a light signal and a sound signal is being tested in an attempt to find a way of ensuring that the start of the race is fair for all athletes. How does a sprinter perceive each of these signals and how will they be transmitted to his/her muscles? What is the difference between these two types of waves?

THE END