- 1. SLUMS & THE METROPOLIS
2. What is a Slum?
- A heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard and
poor housing and squalor
- an overcrowded and neglected area of a city, usually inhabited
by the very poor, in inferior living conditions
- A slum is an overcrowded and squalid district of a city or town
usually inhabited by the very poor.
- Slums can be found in most large cities around the world.
- Lack of infrastructure and crowded conditions mean they are
often characterized by disease, disaster and crime
3. 4.
- Slums are a feature of any urban landscape.
- Slums existed in one form or the other in almost every city of
the world, be it the cities and towns of Roman Empire, villages and
towns of India during the post-Vedic period, in various pockets of
England and different parts of Europe in middle ages
5.
- Social scientists have given different definitions of slums
depending on the angle from which they view the problem. Following
are some of the definitions:
- Slum is a building, a group of buildings or area characterized
by over-crowding deterioration, in sanitary conditions or absence
of facilities or amenities, which because of these conditions or
any of them endangered the health, safety or morals of the
inhabitants of the community.
6.
- Slum is an area of poor houses and hence inhabited by poor
people. It is an area of transition and decadence, a disorganized
area occupied by human derelicts, a cache of all the criminal or
the defective, the down and out.
- It is an area of substandard housing conditions within a city.
Poverty is the foremost cause of slum living.
- As a single dilapidated building does not make a slum, the term
housing conditions refers to actual living conditions rather than
to be mere physical appearance of a building.
7. 8.
- A slum has also been referred as any area where such dwellers
predominate who are by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding,
faulty arrangement or design of buildings, narrowness of streets,
lack of ventilation, lack of sanitation facilities, inadequate open
space and community facilities, or any combination of these factors
suffer in terms of proper safety, health and moral standards.
9.
- The process of urbanization and urban growth simultaneously
leads to the formation/growth of slum.
- Slums cannot simply be seen as settlements of the poor people
in urban areas. There is a pull force in the growing towns and
cities despite the fact that they lack adequate amenities even for
those who have settled there for a long time. There, also is a push
factor in the villages from where people migrate to the towns and
cities just for survival and live in slums as no other options are
available to them.
- Slums can be treated as a transitory phase in Indias
urbanization and industrialization only if the slums dwellers are
ultimately able to get respectable treatment and live an honorable
life.
10. Characteristics of Slums
- Appearance A slum looks neglected with disorderly buildings,
roads and yards.
- Economic Status Slum is a poverty prone area generally poor
people reside there.
- Overcrowding this is a specific characteristic of slum.
- Population Heterogeneous occupancy is the order of the day. A
slum may have separate area of linguistic, cultural, economic,
religious and caste groups. In other parts of the world the
diversities are mainly of race, language and at times, colour. In
spite of all this, there is a sense of community feeling among the
slum dwellers, and some degree of social cohesion. In terms of
overcrowding and absence of facilities, comparison with other
countries is revealing.
11.
- Slums are usually characterized by
- high rates of poverty and unemployment.
- illiteracy, lack of opportunities social problems such as high
crime rate and delinquency, drug addiction, alcoholism, etc.
- high rates of mental illness, and suicide.
- high rates of disease due to unsanitary conditions,
malnutrition, and lack of basic health care.
12.
- The term has traditionally referred to housing areas that were
once respectable but which deteriorated as the original dwellers
moved on to newer and better parts of the city, but has come to
include the vast informal settlements found in cities in the
developing world.
- Other terms that are often used interchangeably with "slum"
include shanty town, favela, skid row, barrio, ghetto.
13. Afavelain Brazil 14. Aghetto a portion of a city in which
members of a minority group live; especially because of social,
legal, or economic pressure.- US & Europe 15. Shanty Town -
Africa 16. Barrios Spain and its colonies in South America 17.
Jakarta 18. Kibera (Africa) worlds largest slum 19.
- Slum Dwellers International(SDI) is a global non-governmental
organization (NGO) that manages networks of the urban poor and slum
dwellers that are organized into federations; it is funded by
theWorld Bank, USAID and the Gates Foundation.
- SDI argue that they work within the system in order to change
it. The beginning point for SDI is the acknowledgement that poor
people living in shack settlements are and will continue to be the
major producers of houses in the world.
- Squatter camps, slums and shanty towns represent a real
solution to the housing crisis experienced by the poorest of the
poor. Contrary to the vision of civil society, the houses and
structures constructed out of the detritus of urban waste and
surplus are the logical answer to the need for shelter without
tenure.
20.
- TheUnited Nations Human Settlements Program( UNHABITAT ) is the
United Nations agency for human settlements. It is mandated to
promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities
with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all.
21. Redevelopment plan for Dharavi