3rd Secondary 3

affect علي يؤثر nuclear نووي

air conditioning تكييف

هواء Nuclear power طاقةنووية

alarm انذار oil بترولamounts كميات palm trees نخيل

article–مقالة سلعة pipe

في –ماسورة يضخ ماسورة

atom ذرة pollute يلوث

atoms ذرات

power station محطةطاقة

attend يحضر prefix بادئةbeans فول pressure ضغطblade سكين نصل price سعرburn يحرق produce ينتجcenturies قرون pump to الي يضخ

coal فحم quantities كميات

come from من يأتي rain مطرcome up يظهر reduce يقللconnected to ب متصل renewable متجددcooperation تعاون rock صخرdamage خسارة- تلف rubbish قمامةdepend on علي يعتمد run out ينفذ

drill into–يثقب يحفر run out of

يستهلك

electricity كهرباء sail يبحر

energyطاقة

save energy يوفرطاقة

environmentبيئة

Siwa Oasis واحةسيوة

extremelyللغاية

Solar power طاقة

شمسية

form –شكل صيغة sort

نوع

fossil fuel حفري وقود sources مصادرgenerate ) طاقة ) يولد split ينشطر

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geothermal باطن من منبعث

االرض springs عيونمياه

habits عادات steam ماء بخار

heat حرارة-يسخن store

يخزن

holeثقب

suffixلنهاية اضافةالكلمة

how oftenمرة؟ كم

sugar cane قصبسكر

huge ضخم supply with ب يمدhydroelectric كهرومائي surface سطحincrease يزداد switch off يطفيء

incredibleال –مذهل يصدق The Red Sea

البحراالحمر

industry صناعة tower برجinexpensive رخيص traditional تقليدي lake بحيرة transport نقل

last يستمر

turn into يتحول

الي

liquidسائل

underground باطن

االرضlive without بدون يعيش vehicles عرباتmake fuel وقود يصنع waste اسراف

metalمعدن

waves–امواج

موجات

millطاحونة

wind turbine توربين

رياحmolten منصهر wires اسالك

non-renewable غير

متجدد

Liquid (n.) (adj.) سائل A substance that is not solid and that can be poured

easily. Molten (adj.) منصهر

Being Liquid because of extreme heat. Nuclear (adj.) نووي

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Relating to the energy released when atoms are divided.Pipe ماسورة

A long tube which liquid or gas can move through .Power station/plant

طاقة محطة

A place where electricity is produced.Pressure ضغط

The force that a gas or liquid has when it is inside a container or place .Atom ذرة

The smallest unit that an element can be divided into .Fossil fuel حفري وقود

A fuel such as coal or oil that is obtained from under the ground.Generate يولد

To produce energy or to cause something to exist.Hydroelectric

(adj.)كهرومائي

Using the force of water to create electricity .Waste (n.)اسراف

Things that are not wanted, especially what remains after you have used something.Wind turbine رياح توربين

A machine with long parts at the top that are turned by the wind , used to make electricity .

Renewable (adj.)

متجدد

Can be produced as quickly as it is used.Geothermal energy

االرض باطن من منبعثة طاقة

The heat produced inside the earthPrepositions

Come up يظهر go through يجتاز

be connected to ب متصل Supply with ب يمدBe connected with ب متعلق Depend on علي يعتمد Need to ان يحتاج Last for يدوم Come from يستهلك Use up من يأتيRun out ينفذ Run out of يستهلك -

يستنفذ

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Run on ب يسير Made of من مصنوع

Blow up -يمأل تغير مادة من مصنوع Made from بهواء ينسف شكلها

Blow out بنفخ نار يطفيء هواء

Pump up العلي يضخ

Turn off =switch off يطفيءجهاز

Turn on =switch on جهاز يشغل

Turn into = convert into يتحولالي

Provide with ب يمد

Word study & Expressions Run out & run out of run out )phr v( to come to an end ينفذ –ينتهي Natural energy will never run out )come to an end.(. Run out of )phr v( to use all of something لديه –يستهلك ما ينفذ I ran out of money. = I use up all my money.Melt / molten / smelt / dissolve .Melt: للسائل الصالبة من .Metals melt when they are heatedينصهرMelt- melted – meltedMolten (adj.) شديدة حرارة Molten rock rushed out of the منصهربفعلvolcano.Melted )adj.( عادية حرارة بفعل .The ice is melted منصهرSmelt : بالتسخين الخام المعدن من Iron ore is smelted in Helwan يستخرجfactory.Dissolve : التقليب بفعل .Sugar dissolves in water يذزوبProvide with & provide forprovide …… with …… ! ........... يزود ب يمدWho provides him with money? provide ……for …… يوفر Who provides money for him?Connected to & connected with connected to طاقة بمصدر متصل او مرتبطThe computer is connected to a printer. connected with ب ب –متعلق صلة علي He is connected with some important persons in Cairo .

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There was no evidence that the man was connected with the crime.Power / force / energypower – – – محركة قوة طاقة سلطة قوةThe ship was helpless against the power of the storm.Solar power شمسية طاقةForce – عسكرية قوة قوةThe force of the explosion knocked them to the ground.Energy طاقة Oil, wind and sun are sources of energy.Turn on / turn off / turn into turn on / switch on the lights turn off / switch off the lightsturn into الي يتحولEnergy from the flowing water is turned into electricity.Rubbish is burnt and converted into energy.run on ب ب –يسير يعمل Most care run on petrol.Solar-powered vehicles الشمسية مركبات بالطاقة تعمل …. allow + Object. + to + Inf. He allowed us to go to the cinema. …. let + O. + inf. He let us go to the cinema.My father let me enter the race .…. ask + O. + to + inf. He asked us to go to the cinema. It takes + _ مدة – زمنية فترة + to + inf. It takes me an hour to do the homework.It takes millions of years to make fossil fuels.

Nuclear fission (n.) نووي انشطار

nuclear weapons / wastes نفايات – اسلحة

Nuclear fusion ( n. )نووي اندماج nuclear

reactor(n.) نووي مفاعل

Egypt plans to use nuclear fuels to generate electricity. Nuclear power produces dangerous waste which must be

stored forthousands of years before it is safe..

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Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely dangerous to people's health and to the environment..

pressure (n.) ضغط –موقف صع

pressure (v.) يجبر-يرغم-يضغط

pressure groups جماعات الضغط

Teachers are under increasing pressure to work longer hours. The president is under pressure to resign.The pressure groups influence the government s decision to open the road to Gaza.

renew (v.) -يجدديستأنف مرة اخري

renewal (n.) تجديد

renewable (adj.) متجدد

renewables (n.)(n.) طاقات متجددة

non non renewable غير متجدد

I have decided not to renew my driving licence this year. The next morning the Israeli war planes renewed their bombing on Gaza. We should depend on the renewable sources of energy.

Spill- spilled– spilt (v.)يسكب

Spell (v.)/spelt-spelled يتهجي

Split (v.) =divide ينشطر

When atoms split, a big amount of energy is released. Someone at the party spilled some tea on the carpet. How do you spell that?

معناها تغير و الكلمات بداية الي تضاف اجزاء هي البادئاتPrefix

Examples

Non Non-clear – non-fiction Nonsense – nonrenewable Im Impossible-impure-improbable

Dis Disagree- disconnect -discount

Disappear -

In Inexpensive –inefficient IneffectiveIr Irregular – irresistible Irresponsible Il Illegal –illiterate Un Unhappy –untrue – unreal

More prefixesPrefix

Meaning

Examples Prefix

Meaning Example

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Sub Lower than

Submarine- subzero

Bio Life Biography

Mono

One

Monopoly-monosyllabic

Re Again Recycle

Bi Two Bilingual –biplane

Multi

Many Multi-system

Tri Three Triangle - triple

Anti Against Antibiotic

Under

Below Underground

Ante

Before Antenatal

Pre Before Prehistory

Interviewer: doctors Zaki, I have heard that we get energy from rocks under the earth. Could you explain how for our listeners?Dr. Zaki: yes, of course. Would get energy from the heat inside the earth. This is known as geothermal energy. “Geo” means earth and “thermal” means heat.Interviewer: but rocks are cold, aren’t they?Dr. Zaki: not all rocks or cold. Below the surface of the earth, the pressure is so great that rocks are in a very hot, liquid form. We say that these rocks or molten.Interviewer: I see.Dr. Zaki: the molten rock heats underground lakes of water. Sometimes, steam is produced like this. When the hot water comes up through a hole in the earth’s surface, that’s when we get hot springs.Interviewer: Is this like the hot water that comes up in the Siwa Oasis?Dr. Zaki: that’s right.Interviewer: that’s very interesting. But I don’t understand how we can use energy from these molten rocks.Dr. Zaki: well, using today’s technology, we drill deep below the earth’s surface into the underground lakes of hot water. This water is then pumped to the surface and is heated again to make steam. This steam

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is then piped to a power station where it is connected to machines which produce electricity.Interviewer: this incredible. So we do this a ready?Dr. Zaki: yes. There are geothermal power stations that produce as much energy as two large coal power stations.Interviewer: well, doctor thank you for talking to us about this very interesting subject.Dr. Zaki: it’s been a pleasure

Reading Energy

Nothing can live without energy. People ,animals and plants need energy to live and

machines need energy to work. Today, most of the energy we use still comes from fossil fuels like coal oil and gas, which have been

formed underground over millions of years .We call these non-renewable forms of energy

because they can only be used once. Because of this, we need to reduce our use of non-renewable fuel and

use more renewable forms of energy like that from the sun,, wind or geothermal energy. For centuries, the wind has been used to sail ships and to pump water. Now it is used to produce electricity. Groups of wind turbines along the Red Sea in Egypt generate large amounts of electricity. Water is also a renewable form of energy. Huge quantities of water go through the High Dam at Aswan from Lake Nasser. This hydroelectric power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity. As well as being inexpensive to produce, this clean energy does not pollute the environment. Other countries depend on nuclear power - power produced when atoms split. However, nuclear power produces dangerous waste which must be stored for thousands of years before it is safe. Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely dangerous to people's health and to the environment.Energy from the sun is probably the best form of renewable energy. Scientists believe that the sun's energy will last for another five billion years. This energy can now be captured. It is

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important for us to save energy in our homes and workplaces in order to stop using up non-renewable sources of energy.

1- Respond to each of the following situations :1-You are doing a survey about energy use in your town .You would like to ask someone some questions. Explain the situation.2- You want to know about a friend’s energy saving habits 3- You hear someone use a word you don’t understand .The word is hydroelectric. What do you ask?4- Someone asks you how you usually travel to school every day. How do you reply?

2- Mention the place , the speakers and the language each of the following two min-dialogues :

1-A: What sort of petrol do you prefer, sir? B – Super, lead-free, please. A – Do you need servicing, sir? B – Thank you, no need.

2- A: May I have five loaves of bread, please? B: Most willingly. A: thank you very much.

3-Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d : Listening Ex l

1. In the word "geothermal energy", “Geo” means earth and “thermal” means ……...

a- hot b- heat c- cool d- cold 2. Below the surface of the earth, the ……..is so great that rocks are molten.

a- heat b- pressed c- press

d- pressure

3. The ……………….. rock heats underground lakes of water. a- smelted

b- melted c- molten d- heated

4. When the hot water comes up through a hole in the earth’s surface, we get ……………….

a- wells b- springs c- hot d- water

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springs falls5. We can use ……………………. from these molten rocks.

a- heat b- energy c- force d- pressure

6. We drill deep ……. the earth’s surface into the underground lakes of hot water.

a- under b- underneath

c- above d- below

7. This steam is piped to a power station where it is connected ………. machines which produce electricity.

a- to b- by c- with d- from 8. There are ……….. power stations that produce as much energy as

two large coal power stations.

a- geology

b- geologic thermal

c- geothermal

d- geo

S.B Exercise9. People, animals and plants need ….to live and machines need it to work.

a- energy b- power c- force d- life 10.Most of the energy we use still comes from…………...

a- fossil fuels

b- sun c- renewables

d- the earth

11.coal oil and gas have been formed underground …… millions of years.

a- in b- through c- over d- for 12.Fossil fuels are ….forms of energy because they can only be

used once.a- renewable

b- non-renewable

c- new able d- renewed

13.We need to ……our use of non-renewable fuel and use more renewable forms of energy

a- seduce b- introduce

c- produce d- reduce

14.The wind turbines along the Red Sea in Egypt ………..large amounts of electricity.

a- do b- have c- generate

d- Bear

15.This hydroelectric power …………….. Egypt with a lot of its electricity.

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a- gives b- supplies

c- gifts d- presents

16. Other countries depend on nuclear power - power produced when atoms …………….

a- spill b- spilt c- spell d- split 17.Nuclear power produces dangerous ……….. which

must be stored for thousands of years before it is safe.

a- waist b- waste c- Wister d- twister 18.Scientists believe that the sun's energy will ….another

five billion years.a- last for b- go for c- lest for d- least for

19.It is important for us to save energy in our homes and workplaces in order to stop using up non-renewable sources of energy.

a- safe b- safety c- save d- saving

W.B Exercise20.Geothermal energy is better than that………...by traditional power stations.

a- Producing

b- produced

c- produce  

d- product

21.We are going to …….a survey into people’s use of energy.a- have b- do c- make d- produce

22.How ………….do you travel by car? Twice a week.a- long b- far c- many d- often

23.Water is the ………….form of ice.a- liquid b- gas c- solid d- unseen

24. You send a liquid or gas through a ….to move it to another place.a- canal b- dam c- pipe   d- hole

25.Electricity is produced in a/an …………….station.a- energy b- power c- sun d- gas

26.…………..is the force produced when two things push against each other.

a- force b- energy c- power d- pressure

27.…………is the black fossil fuel from underground.a- coal b- cool c- gas d- oil

28.When atoms are split . ……………..energy is produced.

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a- solar b- nuclear

c- geothermal

d- fossil

29.If you make rock or metal very hot , it becomes………... a- dissolved

b- molten c- smelt d- melt

30.………….is made from animals or plants that lived millions of years ago

a- nuclear fuel

b- fossil fuel

c- solar energy

d- wind

31.To ………….is to make electricity.a- generate

b- refrigerate

c- energize

d- produce

32.…………………….means using water power to produce electricity.

a- nuclear b- Hydroelectric

c- solar d- fossil

33. …………..means can be replaced at the same speed it is used.a- nuclear b-

renewable

c- nonrenewable

d- fossil

34.………..means materials left after you have used something , which you do not need.

a- waste b- fossil c- paste d- rest35.……………..is a building with parts that turn with the wind ,

which is used to make power a- gas station

b- power station

c- wind turbine

d- reactor

36.Water passing through a dam produces …………power.a- nuclear b-

geothermal

c- heat d- hydroelectric

37.Burying …………..in the ground can damage the environment.

a- oil b- waste c- waist d- west

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38.Modern …are tall towers that are built where thee is a lot of wind..

a- factories

b- turbines

c- plants d- stations

39.Many countries are now using more …….forms of energy from the sun and wind.a- knowable

b- renewable

c- nonrenewable

d- renewed

4- Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( based on vocabulary)

1. Most of the Earth's energy comes up the sun.2. The remains of dead Plants and animals make renewable energy.3. Electricity pollutes the atmosphere.4. Nuclear energy is clean and non-renewable.5. Nothing can't live without energy.6. It is important for us to increase in using non-renewable energy.

5-Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( based on vocabulary)

7. For centuries, the coal has been used to sail ships and pump water.

8. Energy from the sun is probably the best form of non-renewable energy.

9. The sun's energy will lest for another five billion years. 10. This hydroelectric power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity. 11. The melten rock heats underground lakes of water.

12. Geothermal power stations produce as more energy as two large coal power stations.

6-Translate into Arabic: There are many different forms of natural energy that give us light and power in our homes and work. One of these forms is hydroelectric power, which is a renewable source of energy. It's cheap to produce and doesn’t pollute the atmosphere.

7-Translate into English:

قريبا. ينفذ سوف االخر البعض و الحباة مدي الطاقة مصادر بعض ستدوم-1

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اعتمادها تخخف حتي النووية الطاقة باستخدام الكهرباء لتوليد مصر تتجه- 2النفاذ. علي اوشك الذي الحفري الوقود علي

Present Simple : Active & Passive ( الفاعل ) v.to be p.p by مفعولExamples :

1- Sometimes steam is produced like this.2- Water is pumped to the surface and heated to make steam.3- The steam is piped to a power station4- Wood is burnt to heat people’s homes and for cooking.5- Sugar cane is grown and used to make fuel for cars and other

vehicles.6- Vegetable oil is produced from palm trees, corn and some types

of beans.7- This oil is put straight into vehicles or turned into diesel. Notes:

. للمجهول بنائها يتم الالزمة )) ال متعدية الغير االفعال Ex:-1- Hot water comes up through the Earth’s surface.2- The sugar runs out.3- We’d better set off now before it gets dark.4- The last wolves in this area died out 100 years ago.

1- Mention the place , the speakers and the language each of the following two min-dialogues :

1- A: What is the matter with you? B – I have insomnia. A – Will you have exams soon? B – Yes, I will.

2- A: Are you good at English& using computers? B: yes, I’ m. I have worked in Micro-tech Company for three years.

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A: ok. We will call you in two days.

S.B Choose the correct answer from a, b ,c or d

1. Sometimes steam ………………as the molten rock heats underground lakes of water.

a- produced

b- is producing

c- is produced

d- produces

2. Water …………….to the surface and heated to make steam.

a- is pumped

b- are pumped

c- pumped

d- pumps

3. The steam ……………… to a power station

a- piped c- is piped b- are piped d- pipes 4. Wood …………….. to heat people’s homes and for cooking.

a- are burning

b- is burning

c- are burnt

d- is burnt

5. Sugar cane ….. and used to make fuel for cars and other vehicles.

a- grow b- is growing

c- is grown

d- grows

6. Vegetable oil ……from palm trees, corn and some types of beans.

a- were produced

b- is producing

c- is produced

d- produced

7. This oil is put straight into vehicles or ……….into diesel.

a- turned b- turning c- turns d- turn 8. Hot water …………….up through the Earth’s surface.

a- come b- comes c- is come d- is coming

9. The sugar …………………. Can you bring some , please?a- is run out

b- run out c- run of d- is run out of

10. The last wolves in this area …………..100 years ago.

a- are died out

b- died out

c- were died out

d- died out of

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W.B Choose the correct answer from a, b ,c or d11.In many countries , the wind ……………..to generate

electricity.a- is used b- are

used c- used d- uses

12.scientists …………………to find more forms of renewable energy.

a- are wanting

b- want c- wants d- are want

13.Huge amounts of energy …………….in nuclear power stations.

a- is produced

b- are produced

c- produced

d- are producing

14.Holes ……………into the Earth to find hot water .a- are drilling

b- is drilled c- are drilled

d- is drilling

15.In some cities , rubbish ……………..to produce electricity.a- is burnt b- are

burntc- is burning

d- are burning

16.To build a wind turbine a tall tower ………..in an open place.

a- is duilding

b- built c- are built

d- is built

More Exercises17.Give me a ring as soon as the doctor ----------

a- will arrive

b- arrived c- arrives d- had arrived

18. Teacher: Where is Ali? Ayman: He ---------- in the library reading a book.

a-sits b-will sit c- is sitting d- sit19.There are nine planets orbiting the sun. The Earth --- one of

them.

a -was b- is c- were d-will be20. ------- you like riding, Emad?

a- Are b- Do c- would d-Will 21- Does your sister, Amira -------------- a camera?

a- have b- had c- has d- have got

22. We ------ to the beach in summer and enjoy swimming in the sea.

a- goes b- have gone c- go d- went23. Ali ---------- his home work day by day and so do I.

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a- did b- has done

c- do d- does

24. The teacher is pleased with Ali. He --------- makes noise in class.

a- doesn’t

b- never c- didn’t d- won’t

25. Adel -------- write to me and rarely phones.

a- isn't b- never

c- hasn’t

d- doesn’t

26. Enormous amounts of energy ------- when atoms split.

a- are releasing

b- release

c- will release

d- are released

27. Heba always ------ her computer when she has finished using it.

a- switching off

b- switched off

c- switches off

d- is switching

28-A lot of glass bottles -------- to the recycling plant every week.

a- take b-are taken

c- takes d- are taking

g Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( Based on Grammar)

1)Do you think we will ever run out energy?2)How does the price of energy effect people and

countries?3( How can cooperation between countries help solving energy problems?4)hydroelectric power pollutes the environment.5)The solar energy is used widely in the future .6)we will run out oil in the next twenty years.

Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( Based on Grammar)

1) I would like to buy this car. It is disexpensive.2( A lot of animals die because of the human interference in environment 3) It is unlegal to carry a weapon without a licence.4) Coal, oil and natural gas are renewable forms of energy.5) He doesn’t succeed, he is ilhappy.6) He is except to win the race. Translate into Arabic:

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Energy is necessary for development. It is essential for all productive activities required to achieve higher standards of living. Man’s great progress in industry and agriculture is due to energy .

Translate into English:1. المعادن- و الورق مثل تصنيعها المعاد المواد استخدام نشجع ان علينانظيفة؟- 2 البيئة علي المحافظة علي النفايات تدوير يساعد

T est on unit 3 A- Language Functions

1. Respond to each of the following situations :1. Your friend asks you what sorts of energy. 2. Someone asks you what types of energy are used most in Egypt today.3. You tell your friend what types of energy will be used in the future. 4 . Your friend asks you about the problems of the nuclear power.

2- Mention the place , the speakers and the language each of the following two min-dialogues :

1 .A : I need some pills and medicine for curing cough. B : With pleasure. A : How much will I have to pay? B : 7pounds. I wish you speedy recovery.

2. A : Why is Khalid absent today?? B : His brother told me that he is sick. A : Is he at home now? B : No , they say he is in the hospital .

B- Vocabulary and structure3. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. ------- energy is produced by hot rocks below the earth's surface.

a- Hydroelectric

b- Nuclear

c- Geothermal

d- Atomic

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2. Hot water comes ------ through a hole in the earth's surface.

a- up b- over c- down d- in3. Nothing ---------------- live without energy.

.a- can b- can't c- won't d- couldn't

4. Most of the energy we use still comes from------------------

a- fossil fuels

b- the sun

c- water d- surface

5. Coal, oil and gas are all forms of ----------------------------.a- Atomic energy

b- nuclear energy

c- hydroelectric

d- fossil fuels

6. - ----------------- forms of energy can only be used once..a- Renewable

b- non renewable

c- lasting d- continuous

7. Hydroelectric power supplies Egypt ------------ a lot of electricity.a- for b- to c- with d- by

8. Sugar cane ------------------- and used to make fuel..

a- grows b- grew c- is growing

d- is grown

9. Water ------------------- to the surface and heated again..

a- pumps b- is pumping

c- is pumped

d- pumped

10.The earth ………..the sun every year.

a- is orbiting

b- orbit c- orbits d- orbited

11.The internet ………….by millions of people all over the world.

a- used b- are used

c- is used d- is use

12.……………………..power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity

a- hydroelectric

b- mechanical

c- nuclear d- fossil

13. When atoms ………,a huge amount of power is produced.a- spill b- spell c- spilt d- split

14.As well as being ………., electricity is clean. a- expensive

b- c- d-

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unexpensive

disexpensive

inexpensive

15. He ………late for work.a- never is

b- is ever c- is never

d- ever is

16. The steam ……………… to a power station

a- pipes b- is piped c- is piping d- piped4. Correct the underlined mistakes in the following sentences1. The computer is connected with a printer.2. Fossil fuels are made of the decayed remains of dead plants and animals.3. The ship was helpless against the energy of the storm.

4. This oil is put straight into vehicles or turn into diesel.5. Enormous amounts of energy are released when atoms split.6. Non-renewable sources of energy will last forever.

C- Reading5. Read the following passage then answer the questions

Climate change experts studying hurricanes documented a 35-year warming trend in ocean surface temperature and linked it to larger

hurricanes. The increase has been 1 degree Fahrenheit, resulting in four percent more atmospheric water vapor and six to eight percent

more rainfall. Though global warming does not guarantee that each year will see record-strength hurricanes, the long-term ocean warming should

raise the baseline of hurricane activity. According to new research, hurricanes in the North Atlantic are stronger and larger than ever before.

Scientists now say they know what's to blame. Since about 1970, there has been a warming of the global oceans including the areas where the

hurricanes form due to increases in carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Over the past 35 years, the Atlantic's sea

surface temperature has increased one degree Fahrenheit. The result is a four-percent increase of atmospheric water vapor and a six to eight-

percent increase in rainfall.

A hurricane is a type of tropical cyclone, a low-pressure system that usually forms in the tropics and has winds that circulate

counterclockwise near the earth's surface.

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A-Answer the following questions:1- What is a hurricane?2- How does global warming leads to hurricanes ?3- What does the underline word " linked " mean?B- choose the correct answer from a , b , c ,or d4- The increase in The Atlantic’s sea surface temperature with one

degree leads to ………………………. a- a four-percent increase of atmospheric water vaporb- a six to eight-percent increase in rainfall.

c- a four-percent increase of atmospheric water vapor and a six to eight-percent increase in rainfall.

d- a four-percent decrease of atmospheric water vapor and a six to eight-percent increase in rainfall

5- The long-term ocean warming should raise the …….of hurricane activity.

a- ice line b- baseline c- border line d- net line

6. Read the following passage then answer the questions

Alternative Fuel Vehicle refers to a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than traditional gasoline or diesel; any method of powering an engine that does not involve petroleum. Due to a combination of heavy taxes on fuel, particularly in Europe, tightening environmental laws. Current research and development is largely centered on "hybrid" vehicles that use both electric power and internal combustion.Efforts in alternative forms of power focus on developing fuel cells, alternative forms of combustion and even the stored energy of compressed air. The use of alcohol as a fuel for internal combustion engines, either alone or in combination with other fuels, has been given much attention mostly because of its possible environmental and long-term economical advantages over fossil fuel. Both ethanol and methanol have been considered for this purpose.While both can be obtained from petroleum or natural gas, ethanol may be the most interesting because many believe it to be a renewable resource, easily obtained from sugar or starch in crops and other agricultural produce such as grain, sugarcane or even lactose.The hydrogen cars generally use the hydrogen in one of two methods: combustion or fuel-cell conversion.In combustion, the hydrogen is "burned" in engines in fundamentally the same method as traditional gasoline cars.

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In fuel-cell conversion, the hydrogen is turned into electricity through fuel cells which then powers electric motors.A solar car is an electric vehicle powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the car. Solar cars are not a practical form of transportation; insufficient power falls on the roof of a practically sized and shaped vehicle to provide adequate performanceA. Answer the following questions;

1-How do the hydrogen cars work?2-Why is the solar car impractical?3-What is the Alternative Fuel Vehicle?

B. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d ;4-Ethanol is a …….form of energy.

a- renewable b- traditionalc- non renewable d- new

5-The underlined word refers to ..................a- a car using petrol b- a car using petrol and electricityc- a car using electricity d- a bio-fuel car

D- The Mask of Gold7. Answer the following questions :

بالقصة الخاص الجزء فى .E - Writing

8. Write a paragraph about 100 words about

"Vehicles of the future" 9. a) Translate into Arabic :

Nothing can live without energy. People, animals and plants need energy to live and machines need energy to work. Today, most of the energy we use still comes from fossil fuels like coal oil and gas, which have been formed underground over millions of years.

b) Translate into English :

للطاقة. جديدة مصادر ايجاد علي جاهدين العلماء - يعمل1 كل فشلت و البحرية االحياء من كثير علي الزيت بقعة قضت - لقد2

اثرهاالسيء. من الحد او انتشارها لمنع الجهودVocabulary

Oil spot زيت بقعة Kill يقتل

Sea living things حية بحرية كاءنات Fail يفشل

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efforts جهود stop يتوقفspread ينتشر

minimize من يحد impact اثر

Admire يعجب

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