1.1 & 1.2 - Chemistry and Its Importance & Scientific Method

7/25/2019 1.1 & 1.2 - Chemistry and Its Importance & Scientific Method

1/24

Chapter 1

Introduction to chemistry

What chemistry is? Origin of the word. Uses. The Importance of Chemistry. Chemical industries in Malaysia. Contribution of chemical

based industries towards the de!elopment of our country. "cientific Method? "cientific attitudes and #alues.


2/24


3/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. $

What chemistry is?

Chemistry is the scientific studyof the

properties# compositionand structure

of substances found around us* as well

as the changeswhich occur when these

substances interactwith one another.

What chemistry is? Origin of the word. Uses. The Importance of Chemistry. Chemical industries in Malaysia.

Contribution of chemical-based industries towards the deelopment of our country . !cientific Method? !cientific attitudes and "alues.


4/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. +

Origin of the word

1. The term ,chemistry- originated from the

rabian word al-kimi-ya* which

means ,blac) soil from the /ile-

&. The 0nglish deri!ed the word ,alchemy-

from al-kimi-ya.

3. Then, the term alchemy was modified to

chemistry.




5/24


6/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. (

Uses

1. The world around us is made up of matter*which is made up of elements*

compounds* and mi9tures.

&. :or e9amples* the human body* food* air*

medicines* and clothes are all made up of

chemical substances.

$. "ome e9amples of chemical substances;

sulphuric acid* nitric acid* sodiumhydro9ide* sodium chloride* acetic acid*

soap* urea*


7/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. 5

Chemical substances Use

Nitric acid To make fertilizers

Soapsand detergents As cleaning agents

Urea As nitrogenous fertilizers

PVC (polyvinylchloride

To make pipes! plastic bags! and childrentoys"

#thanol To manufacture alcoholic drinks!cosmetic"

Paints To protect surfaces

$ormaldehyde To preserve specimensin the laboratory%odium hydro&ide To make soap

%odium chloride To preserve food

Acetic acid To add flavor to food




8/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. =

The Importance of Chemistry

1. Occupations which

need the )nowledge

of chemistry;

chemist doctor

pharmacist

forensic scientist dentist

geologist

laboratory

technologist

agriculturist

chemical engineer

biochemist

genetic engineerpolymer scientist




9/24


Chemical industries in Malaysia

'etroleum and natural gasindustry

suppliesfuelfor homes* !ehicles and

factory.

'lasticsindustry produces e>uipment.

(griculturalchemical industry

produces fertilier and pesticides.

'harmaceuticalindustry produces both

modern and traditional medicines.




10/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. 1'

Oleochemicalindustry produces !arious

products from palm oil* including soapsand detergents.

%ecycling recycle paper* aluminum cans

and others into reusable products.Iron and steelindustries

)ood production food stabiliers*

preser!ati!es* fla!ours* sweeteners etc.


Contribution of chemical-based industries towards the deelopment of our country. !cientific Method?

!cientific attitudes and "alues.


11/24


Contribution of chemical-based industries

towards the deelopment of ourcountry*

Improedour nation-s economythrough the

e+port of chemicalbased products* such aschemicals* soaps* detergents* electronic

components* fertiliers* pesticides* rubber*

petroleum* nature gas and oil palm products.

%educed importsand sa!ed foreign

e9changes.




12/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. 1&

!cientific Method?

,. !cientific methodsare a series of

systematic stepswhich scientists

practicewhen conducting a study or an

inestigation.

&. "cientific in!estigation is done through a

series of systematic stepscalled

scientific methods.




13/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. 1$

( scientific inestigation includes

the following steps*

,. Obseration

. maing an inference

/. identifying the

problem

$. )orming a

hypothesis

0. identifying ariables

1. controlling the

ariables

2. planning procedures

3. collecting data

4. Interpreting data

,5. drawing a conclusion

,,. writing a report




14/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. 1+

. ninference is the initial conclusion that

is made* based on the obser!ation at the

beginning of the in!estigation.

(. hypothesisis a general statement that

states the correlationbetween the

responding!ariable and the

manipulated!ariable.





15/24


16/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. 1(

The ariable that responds the factor

which changes as a resultof the !ariable

that is manipulated.

The ariable that is ept constant the

factor that remains unchanged

throughout the in!estigation.





17/24


( completereportshould contain*

1. The statement of the problem% aim

&. @ypothesis$. #ariables all three

+. pparatus used

. Materials used




18/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. 1=

(. uences* passi!e

!oice* and diagram of the setup of

apparatus

5. 2esults data in form of tables* graphs*

calculations etc

=. Aiscussion of the data

6. Conclusion





19/24


20/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. &'

!cientific attitudes and "alues

Auring the process of conducting an

e9periment* students should practice the

following scientific attitudes and noble

!alues;

@a!ing an interest and curiositytowards

the en!ironment.

3eing honest and accuratewhen

recording and !alidating data.




21/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. &1

3eing diligent* perseering* fle9ible* open

minded*ob7ectie* cooperati!e* fair and Bust*

confidentand independent.

ppreciating the contribution of science and

technology.

2ealiing that science is a means tounderstandnature.

3eing responsibleabout the safety of

oneself* others and the en!ironment.




Wh t h i t i ? O i i f th d U Th I t f Ch i t Ch i l i d t i i M l i


22/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. &&

3eing systematicand orderly when

conducting e9periments.

lways ensure the cleanlinessof the

apparatus and laboratory and )eeping

apparatus and materials in their correctplaces.

Using apparatus and materials correctly*

safely and without wastage.


Contribution of chemical-based industries towards the deelopment of our country. !cientific Method? !cientific attitudes and

"alues.

Wh t h i t i ? O i i f th d U Th I t f Ch i t Ch i l i d t i i M l i C t ib ti f h i l


23/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. &$

!cientific attitudes and noblealues are necessary to*


24/24

$%&''( )ht.sm) luar bandar sibu. &+

What chemistry is? Origin of the word. Uses. The Importance of Chemistry. Chemical industries in Malaysia. Contribution of

chemical-based industries towards the deelopment of our country. !cientific Method? !cientific attitudes and "alues.

1.1 & 1.2 - Chemistry and Its Importance & Scientific Method

Documents