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Introduction toProgramming

Paradigm

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Topics

1 Procedural Programming

2 Object-Oriented Programming3 Event-Driven Programming

4 Visual Programming

Outline

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Procedural

Programming

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Are you familiar with these keywords: Programming ??

Programming language ??

Program ??

Syntax ??

Code ??

Can you explain any of those keywords?

Introduction

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Introduced in early 1960s.

Some people referred it as structured or

modular programming.

All High-level languages (i.e. C, Basic, Cobol)

support procedural programming.

Procedural Programming

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Procedural programming works by telling thecomputer what to do and how to do it.

Procedural programming involves procedures.

Procedures are the steps that must be followed

to accomplish a specific task.


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Example of C++ Procedure Program

Example
http://g/Pengajaran/SPM3112-PLII/0607-2/unit%204%20distance.exehttp://g/Pengajaran/SPM3112-PLII/0607-2/unit%204%20distance.exe

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Basically procedure-oriented programs force

the user or programmer to follow apredetermined path (as shown in below figure).

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Advantages of procedural programming:

Instructions can be written short without the need to

rewrite the whole definition for every task.

Example:

Task: create two rectangles with blue & red colors,4 & 6 heights and 2 & 4 base.


Draw Rectangle 1

Height 4 cm

Base 2 cm

Color BlueEnd

Draw Rectangle 2

Height 6 cm

Base 4 cm

Color red

End

Draw Rectangle

Height X cm

Base y cm

Color zEnd

Rectangle (4, 2, blue)

Rectangle (6, 4, red)

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Advantages of procedural programming:

Can avoid or reduce symptom ofspaghetti

code (the use of many GOTO or JUMP

statements)


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Object-OrientedProgramming

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Introduced in the late of 1960s.

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is

considered as a more recent approach to

programming.

In object-based languages, program contains

objects and classes

Object-Oriented Programming

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An object is a unit of computer information thatcontains data as well as procedures.

Class is a category of objects ortemplate for

creating objects


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What is basically an object in VB?

Objects are entities you can create and use in the process ofdeveloping a Windows application such as form and controls.

Object

code and

data

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Objects must be created from classes. The properties and methods of an object are contained in

its classes.

Properties are the characteristics of the objects while

methods are used to cause the objects to do something.


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Event-DrivenProgramming

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In the event-driven language, a user does something with

the object and the object will respond to the user.

On another word, event-driven programs do not predict the

control sequence that will occur; they are written to react

reasonably to any particular sequence of events that may

occur once execution begins.

Event-Driven Programming

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But what is actually an event?

Events are actions taken by objects, they are what

objects do.

Example of events: mouse click, keypress, drag & drop

etc


E t D i P i

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How event-driven program reacts to event

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Example of VB Program

Events

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Event-driven programs do not have a

predetermined finish. They are designed to wait and respond to things

that happens to them.


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The most common example of event-driven

applications are found in

Microsoft Windows (any versions)

Apples Mac OS (X11)

GUIs applications


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Visual

Programming

Visual Programming

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Visual programming is a method of creating

programs by using icons that represent commonprogramming routines.

The programmers makes connections betweenobjects by drawing, pointing and clicking on

diagrams or icons and by interacting withflowcharts.

This type of programming become necessary todevelop GUI-based applications.

Visual Programming

Visual Programming

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Visual basic developed by Microsoft in the early

1990s is the most popular visual programminglanguage.

It offers a visual environment for programconstructing, allowing users to build various

application components using drag and droptools, buttons, scroll bars and menus.

Visual Programming

Visual Programming

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Visual programming is divided into two

categories:1. Programming that used visual elements as a

syntax in program creation; and

Example of category 1 Chimera , Forms/3, Advanced Visual

Systems, Pictorius International's PrographCPX, Stagecoach software's cocoa

Visual Programming

Visual Programming

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Visual programming is divided into two

categories:1. Programming that used visual elements as a

tool to create program.

Example of category 2 Microsoft Visual Basic, ParcPlace Systems

VisualWorks

Visual Programming

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VISUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

To simply stated, Visual Programming is alanguage in which a program is constructed

using graphical and textual elements to create

multi-dimensional expressions.

Expressions in the above statement is referring

to graphics, drawings, animation and icons.

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The term Visual language has been adoptedby a number of people in recent years to mean

a conventional textual language which has an

attached ofWYSIWYG GUI (what you see is

what you get graphichal user interface) designtool along with othergraphical RAD (Rapid

Application Development) tools.

Examples of this type of language would beBorland Delphi and Microsoft Visual Basic.

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Unfortunately, some confusion can arise from the use of theterm Visual Programming Language because it has beenused in many different contexts to describe entirely differentconcepts.

Nowadays, visual programming has been used to describe: Language formanipulating visual information or ;

Language forsupporting visual interaction or ;

Allowsprogramming with visual expressions.

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However, there have been many attempts todefine what is visual programming languages

and they are:

"Visual Programming refers to any system thatallows the user to specify a program in a two-(or

more)-dimensional fashion. Although this is a

very broad definition, conventional textual

languages are not considered two dimensionalsince the compilers or interpreters process them

as long, one-dimensional streams" [Myers 90].
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All of the above definitions are adequate ways ofdefining what visual programming can be,

although NO SINGLE DEFINITION can

acquainted us with all of the aspects of visual

programming language.

S OG G G G

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So,So,

What is Visual Basic actually?What is Visual Basic actually?

Discussions

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Discussions

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