© Confederation of Indian Industry1 BASIC RESEARCH AND HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM byY.S.RAJAN Principal Adviser, CII (views personal) To be Delivered at the.

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BASIC RESEARCH ANDBASIC RESEARCH ANDHIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMHIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

byby

Y.S.RAJANY.S.RAJAN

Principal Adviser, CIIPrincipal Adviser, CII

(views personal)(views personal)

To be Delivered at the To be Delivered at the

CII National Summit on Quality in EducationCII National Summit on Quality in Education16-17 November 2006, Bangalore16-17 November 2006, Bangalore

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SOME MACRO STATISTICCSSOME MACRO STATISTICCS

PERCENTAGE SHARE OF NATIONAL PERCENTAGE SHARE OF NATIONAL

S&T EXPENDITURE 2002-2003S&T EXPENDITURE 2002-2003

Applied ResearchApplied Research 41.7%41.7%Experimental Dev.Experimental Dev. 34.0%34.0%Basic ResearchBasic Research 17.8%17.8%Other ActivitiesOther Activities 6.5% 6.5%

Courtesy : R&D Statistics, DST, September 2006Courtesy : R&D Statistics, DST, September 2006

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SOME MACRO STATISTICS SOME MACRO STATISTICS (contd..)(contd..)

National R&D ExpenditureNational R&D Expenditure

1998 - 991998 - 99 Rs.12473.17 CroresRs.12473.17 Crores

2002 - 032002 - 03 Rs.18000.16 CroresRs.18000.16 Crores

2004 - 052004 - 05 Rs.21639.58 Crores (estimate)Rs.21639.58 Crores (estimate)

(DST : Sept.2006)(DST : Sept.2006)

2006 - 072006 - 07 Budget estimates for major Budget estimates for major

Central Govt. agencies DRDOCentral Govt. agencies DRDO

Rs 29,600 crores Rs 29,600 crores (derived by (derived by YSR)YSR)

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SOME MACRO STATISTICS SOME MACRO STATISTICS (Contd…)(Contd…)

(S&T) Researchers per million people for selected (S&T) Researchers per million people for selected countries (1996-2002) DST September 2006countries (1996-2002) DST September 2006

Total Total ResearchersResearchers

ArgentinaArgentina 715 715 26455 26455

AustraliaAustralia 34463446 68920 68920

BrazilBrazil 324 324 55728 55728

CanadaCanada 34873487 108097108097

ChinaChina 633 633 805176805176

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SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd…)SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd…)

Total ResearchersTotal Researchers

FinlandFinland 74317431 37155 37155

GermanyGermany 32223222 264204264204

IndiaIndia 110 110 115936*115936*

JapanJapan 50855085 645795645795

KoreaKorea 29792979 140013 140013 SingaporeSingapore 43524352 17408 17408

UKUK 26912691 158769158769

USAUSA 45264526 1289910 1289910**includes 22,100 researchers employed in Higher Educationincludes 22,100 researchers employed in Higher Education

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SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)

Doctorate Degrees Awarded Faculty-wiseDoctorate Degrees Awarded Faculty-wise

2002-03 (DST September 2006)2002-03 (DST September 2006)

Science & Technology(A)Science & Technology(A)

FacultyFaculty 2002-20032002-2003

ScienceScience 44974497

Engg./TechnologyEngg./Technology 779 779

MedicineMedicine 243 243

AgricultureAgriculture 10421042

Veterinary ScienceVeterinary Science 153 153

Total ATotal A 67146714

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SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)

Other Disciplines(B)Other Disciplines(B)

FacultyFaculty 2002-20032002-2003

ArtsArts 50345034

CommerceCommerce 857 857

EducationEducation 554 554

LawLaw 138 138

OthersOthers 436 436

Total BTotal B 70197019

Total A+B = 13733Total A+B = 13733

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SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)

ESTIMATED STOCK OF S&T PERSONNELESTIMATED STOCK OF S&T PERSONNEL

(thousands)(thousands)

(DST SEPTEMBER 2006)(DST SEPTEMBER 2006)

Stock of S&T personnel at the beginning of yearStock of S&T personnel at the beginning of year

CategoryCategory 19911991 20012001 20062006Engg. Degree HoldersEngg. Degree Holders 519.6519.6 1024.41024.4

Engg. Diploma HoldersEngg. Diploma Holders 859.3859.3 1531.71531.7

Medical GraduatesMedical Graduates 310.3310.3 415.9 415.9

Agri. GraduatesAgri. Graduates 168.4168.4 238.6 238.6

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SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd) ESTIMATED STOCK OF S&T PERSONNELESTIMATED STOCK OF S&T PERSONNEL

(thousands)(thousands)

(DST SEPTEMBER 2006)(DST SEPTEMBER 2006)

Stock of S&T personnel at the beginning of yearStock of S&T personnel at the beginning of year

CategoryCategory 19911991 20012001 20062006

Veterinary GraduatesVeterinary Graduates 34.4 34.4 46.7 46.7

Science GraduatesScience Graduates 2430.3 2430.3 4024.94024.9Science Post GraduatesScience Post Graduates 482.0 482.0 805.0 805.0TOTALTOTAL 4804.34804.3 97859785

(projected by YSR)(projected by YSR)

Average Rate of Growth about 4%Average Rate of Growth about 4%

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QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (? !)QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (? !)

SO MUCH FOR STATISTICSSO MUCH FOR STATISTICS What do we learn What do we learn ?? Bulk of /S&T funds in India only by Govt. Bulk of /S&T funds in India only by Govt.

(very little for Humanities/Social Sciences)(very little for Humanities/Social Sciences) Of the Govt. funds in S&T mostly it goes to Of the Govt. funds in S&T mostly it goes to

major laboratoriesmajor laboratories Industries about 25% of national expenditure is Industries about 25% of national expenditure is

in-house - units.in-house - units. So what about Higher Educational Sector ?So what about Higher Educational Sector ?

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QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (? !)QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (? !)

Researchers in Higher Educational Sector is very Researchers in Higher Educational Sector is very low - that too crowded in IIT’s, IISc & a few low - that too crowded in IIT’s, IISc & a few other select Central Universities.other select Central Universities.

Naturally low Ph.D. out turnNaturally low Ph.D. out turn Also many questions as to what they are.Also many questions as to what they are.

Solutions :Solutions :TIFAC - REACHTIFAC - REACHIndustry RoleIndustry RoleAcademia RoleAcademia Role

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BASIC RESEARCHBASIC RESEARCH»What is it ?What is it ?

»Academic PerceptionAcademic Perception

»Industry perceptionIndustry perception

NEED FOR BRIDGING PERCEPTIONAL DIVIDENEED FOR BRIDGING PERCEPTIONAL DIVIDE

QUALITY INSTITUTIONS EYESQUALITY INSTITUTIONS EYES

OF PERCEPTIVE AND DISCERNINGOF PERCEPTIVE AND DISCERNING

OBSERVER (TIFAC - CORE Experience)OBSERVER (TIFAC - CORE Experience)

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HUMANITIESHUMANITIES CRUCIAL FOR KNOWLEDGE SOCIETYCRUCIAL FOR KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY Languages Basic for cognitional foundationLanguages Basic for cognitional foundation Knowledge about people, culture - Winning Knowledge about people, culture - Winning

Minds therefore marketsMinds therefore markets Traditional Knowledge bases - New Gold MinesTraditional Knowledge bases - New Gold Mines Continuing Education - Making it interestingContinuing Education - Making it interesting Many more for those who seekMany more for those who seek

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