Transcript
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WiMAX IN 4G COMMUNICATIONS
PAPER PRESENTED BY
Authors
K.Prathusha
M.Mrunalini Spandana
IIIB.Tech
Electronics and Communications Engineering,
Viswodaya Engineering College,kavali,
Nellore,
EmailID:mrunalini.vits@gmail.com.
EmailID:prathyushaketha @gmail.com
CONTENTS:
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Wimax features
4. Types of WiMAX:
Point-to-point (PTP) Point-to-Multipoint
(PMP)
5. Applications of WiMAX
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Fixed WiMAX Mobile
WiMAX
6. Wimax standards
7. Real time examples using wimax
wimax radio mobile
broadband8. Limitations
9. Amendments in progress
10. Future developments
11. Conclusion
ABSTRACT
:Factors such as innovation, technolo gical obsession, market evolution
and customer needs characterize the growth of an y new technolog y .There is a
growing demand for a technology that addresses most of the customers d emands such
as high bandwidth, long and non-line of sight coverage that are not achieved by the
existing technology. This trend is more predominant in the highly mutative wireless
market . 4G will fundamentally advance the way we use mobile and existing networks
and repair the problems of 3G .With the supplementar y features such as long and non-
line of sight coverage, high-bandwidth and inbuilt quality of service (QOS). The
approaching 4G mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-remainin g
problems of 3G systems and to provide a wide variety of new services, from high-
quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channels.WiMAX is
an advanced technology solution, based on an o pen standard, designed to meet this
need, and to do so in a low-cost, flexible way.
WiMAX (World wide interoperability for Microwave Access) allows
interoperability and combines the benefits that other wireless networkin g technologies
offer individually and leads a path towards 4G and become the 4G wireless
technology in the future. WiMax addresses almost all of the demands. WiMAX
provides high-throughput broadband connections over long distances.
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WiMAX is the only wireless standard today that has the ability to
deliver true broadband speeds and help make the vision of pervasive connectivity a
reality. This paper will evaluate the potential of WiMAX as 4G technolog y.
INTRODUCTION:
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave access) is a standards-
based wireless technology that provides high-throughput broadband conn ections over
long distances. WiMAX can be used for a number of applications, including "last
mile" broadband conn ections, hotspot and cellular backhaul, and high-speed
enterprise connectivity for businesses.
WiMAX has the potential to impact all forms of t
elecommunications
WiMAX has the potential to replace a number of existing
telecommunications infrastructures.WiMAX is the only wireless standard today that has the ability to deliver
true broadband sp eeds and help mak e. WiMAX networks are optimized for high-
speed data and should help spur innovation in services, content and new mobile
devices. WiMAX represents a global connectivity opportunity in highly developed
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mobile market segments and developing countries where this technolo gy may help
provide affordable broadband services.
WiMAX Features:
WiMAX provides wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) connectivity
at speeds of up to 75 Mb/sec.
WiMAX systems can be used to transmit signal as far as 30 miles.
A WiMAX base station would beam high-speed Internet connections to homes
and businesses in a radius of up to 50 km (31 miles).
Due to this it is well suited for a country such as India wh ere telecom
infrastructure is poor and last mile access is expensive.
:TYPES OF
WiMAXPoint-to-point (PTP) Point-to-Multipoint
(PMP)
POINT TO
POINT:Point to point is used where there are two points of interest: one sender and
one receiver. This is also a scenario for backhaul or the transport from the data source
(data center, co-lo facility, fiber POP, Central Office, etc) to the subscriber or for a
point for distribution using point to multipoint architecture. Backhaul radios comprise
an industry of their own within the wireless industry. As the architecture calls for a
highly focused beam between two points range and throughput of point-to point
radios will be higher than that of point-to-multipoint products.
POINT TO
MULTIPOINT
:
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Point-to-multipoint is
synonymous with distribution.
One base station can service
hundreds of dissimilar subscribers
in terms of bandwidth and
services offered.
The point to multipoint (PMP)
system allows a radio system to provide services to multiple users. WiMax systems
can also be setup as mesh networks allowing the WiMax system to forward packets
between base stations an d subscribers without having to install communication lines
between base stations.
Here we can see the both types of point-to-point & point-to-multipoint
APPLICATIONS OF
WiMAX
:
There are mainly two applications of WiMAX. They are
FixedWiMAX Mobile WiMAX
FIXED
WiMAX:
Fixed WiMAX applications are point-to-multipoint enabling broadband
access to homes and businesses.
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Fixed WiMAX offers cost effective point to point and point to multi-
pointsolutions
Fixed
WiMAX
include a radius of service coverage of 6 miles from a
WiMAX base station for point-to-multipoint, non-line-of-sight service. This service
should deliver approximately 40 megabits per second (Mbps) for fixed access
applications.
That WiMAX cell site should offer enough b andwidth to support
hundreds of businesses with T1 speeds and thousands of residential customers with
the equivalent of DSL services from one base station.
MOBILE
WiMAX:
Mobile WiMAX allows any telecommunications to go
mobileMobile WiMAX is based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequ ency
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Multiple Access) technology which has inherent advantages in throughput, latency,
spectral efficiency, and advanced antennae support; ultimately enabling it to provide
higher p erformance than today's wide area wireless technologies.
Mobile WiMAX takes the fixed wireless application a step further and
enables cell phone-like applications on a much larger scale. For example, mobile
WiMAX enables streaming video to be broadcast from a speeding police or other
emergency vehicle at over 70 MPH. It potentially replaces cell phones and mobile
data offerings from cell phone operators .
WiMAXSTANDARDS:802.16 broadband wireless systems have evolved over time.
This diagram shows that the original 802.16 specification defined fix ed broadband
wireless service that operates in the 10-66 GHz frequency band. To provide wireless
broadband service in lower f requency range, the 802.16A specification was created
that operates in the 2-11 GHz frequency band. To provide both fixed and mobile
service, the 802.16E sp ecification was developed.
LINE OF SIGHT (LOS) OR NON LINE OF SIGHT (NLOS):
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The difference between line of sight and non-line of
sight
Earlier wireless technologies ( LMDS, MMDS for example) were unsuccessful
in the mass market as they could not deliver services in non-line-of-sight scenarios.
This limited the number of subscribers they could reach and, given the high cost of
base stations and CPE, those business plans failed. WiMAX functions best in line of
sight situations and, unlike those earlier technologies, offers acceptable range and
throughput to subscribers who are not line of sight to the base station..
Buildings between the base station and the subscriber diminish the
range and throughput, but in an urban environment, the signal will still be strong
enough to deliver adequate service. Given WiMAX's ability to deliver services non-
line-of-sight, the WiMAX service provider can reach man y customers in high-rise
office buildings achieve a low cost per subscriber because so many subscribers can be
reached from on e base station.
REAL TIME EXAMPLE USING
WiMAX
:
WIMAX
RADIO
:
The major component of a WiMax system includes subscriber station
(SS), a base station (BS) and interconnection gateways to datacom (e.g. Internet) and
telecom (e.g. PSTN). An antenna and receiver (subscriber station) in the home or
business converts the microwave radio signals into broadband data signals for
distribution in the home. In this example, a WiMax system is being used to provide
telephone and broadband data communication services. When used for telephone
services, the WiMax system converts broadcast signals to an audio format (such as
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VoIP) for distribution to IP telephones or analog telephone adapter (ATA) box es.
When WiMax is used for broadb and data, the WiMax system also connects the
Internet through a gateway to the Internet. This example also shows that the WiMax
system can reach distances of up to 50 km when o perating at lower frequen cies
(2-11 GHz).
Mobile
Broadband
Broadband anytime- anywh ere is the gr eat
promise of WiMAX, which has arrived with Mobile WiMAX products.
IEEE 802.16e-2005 stan dard takes broadband wireless to a new plane. Suddenly it is
possible to have a DSLlike broadband experience anywhere you happen to be, not just
at home or in a Wi-Fi hot spot environment. With WiMAX we start to get Hot Zones
that are a few kilometres wide and the broadband experience moves outdoors.
Mobile broadband open s up a whole new high-speed data ex perience, which cannot
be matched by the other mobile technologies available today. Imagin e you decide to
walk to the nearby park during your lunch break to enjoy the sunn y weather. You
receive a call from on e of your customers asking you to confirm some price
reductions immediately so that they can place th e order. You start a data session on
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your smart WiMAX enabled device, log on to the server at work and download the
relevant spreadsheet. Yo u then proceed to confirm the price reduction and you receive
the order from the customer before you have returned to yo ur desk.
LIMITATIONS:
1. A commonly-held misconception is that WiMAX will deliver 70 Mbit/s over 50
kilometers. In reality, WiMAX can do one or the other - operating over max imum
range (50 km) increases bit error rate and thus must use a lower bitrate. Lowering the
range allows a device to operate at higher bitrates.
2. Typically, fixed WiMAX networks have a higher-gain directional antenna installed
near the client (customer) which results in greatly increased range and throughput.
3. Mobile WiMAX networks are usually made of indoor " customer premise
equipment " (CPE) such as desktop modems, laptops with integrated Mobile WiMAX
or other Mobile WiMAX devices. Mobile WiMAX devices typically have an omni-
directional antenn a which is of lower-gain comp ared to directional antennas but are
more portable. In practice, this means that in a line-of-sight environment with a
portable Mobile WiMAX CPE, speeds of 10 Mbit/s at 10 km could be delivered
However, in urban environments they may not have line-of-sight and therefore users
may only receive 10 Mbit/s over 2 km. Higher-gain directional antennas can be used
with a Mobile WiMAX network with range and throughput benefits but the obvious
loss of practical mobility.
4. Like most wireless systems, available bandwidth is shared between users in a given
radio sector, so performance could deteriorate in the case of many active users in a
single sector. In practice, many users will have a range of 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 10- or 12
Mbit/s services and additional radio cards will be added to the base station to increase
the capacity as required.
Because of this, various granular and distributed network architectures are
being incorporated into WiMAX through independent development and within the
802.16j mobile multi-hop relay (MMR) task group. This includes wireless mesh ,
grids, network remote station repeaters which can extend networks and connect to
backhaul.
Amendments in
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Active amendments:
802.16e-2005 Mobile 802.16
802.16f-2005 Management Information Base
802.16g-2007 Management Plane Procedu res and Services
802.16k-2007 Bridging of 802.16 (an amendment to 802.1D)
Amendments under dev elopment:
802.16h Improved Coexistence Mechanisms for License-Exempt Operation
802.16i Mobile Management Information Base
802.16j Multihop Relay Specification
802.16Rev2 Consolidate 802.16-2004, 802.16e, 802.16f, 802.16 g an d possibly
802.16i into a new document.
Amendments at pre-draft stage:
802.16m Advanced Air Interface. Data rates of 100 Mbit/s for mobile applications
and 1 Gbit/s fo r fixed applications, cellular, macro and micro cell coverage, with
currently no restrictions on the RF bandwidth (which is expected to be 20 MHz or
higher). The proposed work plan would allow completion of the standard by Sept
2008 for approval by Dec 2008.
Future
developmentFor use in cellular spectrum. WiMAX II, 802 .16m will be proposed for
IMT-Advanced 4 G.
The go al for the long term evolution of both WiMAX and LTE is to achieve 100
Mbit/s mobile and 1 Gbit/s fixed-nomadic bandwidth as set by ITU for 4G NGMN
(Next Generation Mobile Network) systems through the adaptive use of MIMO-AAS
and smart, granular network topologies. 3GPP LTE and WiMAX-m are concentrating
much effort on MIMO-AAS, mobile multi-hop relay networkin g and related
developments needed to deliver 10X and higher Co-Channel reuse multiples.
Since the evolution of core air -link technologies has approached the practical limits
imposed by Shannon's Theorem , the evolution of wireless has embarked o n pursuit of
the 3X to 10X+ greater bandwidth and network efficiency gains that are ex pected b y
advances in the spatial and smart wireless broadband networking technologies. What
will clearly define 4G more than either WCDMA or OFDMA wireless link
methodswill be wireless networks that more effectively adapt to and take advantage of
available spectrum
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CONCLUSION:
WiMax is all set to take over the wireless world. WiMAX represents a
global connectivity opportunity in highly dev eloped mobile market segments and
developing countries where this technology may help provide affordable broadband
services Using WiMax. This development will allow for such things as mobile video
conferencing, live video feeds without the cost of satellite time, and connecting to
practically anything live, on-line, and do it with a device in your hand. Amazing! One
to many and one to one telecasting. All the possibilities of broadband combined with
mobility and freedom from place.
The emerging BWA technology WiMAX allows interoperability and
combines the benefits that other wireless networking technologies offer individually
and leads a path towards 4G and become the 4G wireless technology in the future. e-
mail : rgmcet09@rgitnandyal.com
Viswodaya Institute of Technology and Science
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