Wimax 4g Communications (4)

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WiMAX IN 4G COMMUNICATIONS

PAPER PRESENTED BY

Authors

K.Prathusha

M.Mrunalini Spandana

IIIB.Tech

Electronics and Communications Engineering,

Viswodaya Engineering College,kavali,

Nellore,

EmailID:[email protected].

EmailID:prathyushaketha @gmail.com

CONTENTS:

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. Wimax features

4. Types of WiMAX:

Point-to-point (PTP) Point-to-Multipoint

(PMP)

5. Applications of WiMAX

viswodayaInstitute of Technology and Science


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Fixed WiMAX Mobile

WiMAX

6. Wimax standards

7. Real time examples using wimax

wimax radio mobile

broadband8. Limitations

9. Amendments in progress

10. Future developments

11. Conclusion

ABSTRACT

:Factors such as innovation, technolo gical obsession, market evolution

and customer needs characterize the growth of an y new technolog y .There is a

growing demand for a technology that addresses most of the customers d emands such

as high bandwidth, long and non-line of sight coverage that are not achieved by the

existing technology. This trend is more predominant in the highly mutative wireless

market . 4G will fundamentally advance the way we use mobile and existing networks

and repair the problems of 3G .With the supplementar y features such as long and non-

line of sight coverage, high-bandwidth and inbuilt quality of service (QOS). The

approaching 4G mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-remainin g

problems of 3G systems and to provide a wide variety of new services, from high-

quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channels.WiMAX is

an advanced technology solution, based on an o pen standard, designed to meet this

need, and to do so in a low-cost, flexible way.

WiMAX (World wide interoperability for Microwave Access) allows

interoperability and combines the benefits that other wireless networkin g technologies

offer individually and leads a path towards 4G and become the 4G wireless

technology in the future. WiMax addresses almost all of the demands. WiMAX

provides high-throughput broadband connections over long distances.

Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science


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WiMAX is the only wireless standard today that has the ability to

deliver true broadband speeds and help make the vision of pervasive connectivity a

reality. This paper will evaluate the potential of WiMAX as 4G technolog y.

INTRODUCTION:

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave access) is a standards-

based wireless technology that provides high-throughput broadband conn ections over

long distances. WiMAX can be used for a number of applications, including "last

mile" broadband conn ections, hotspot and cellular backhaul, and high-speed

enterprise connectivity for businesses.

WiMAX has the potential to impact all forms of t

elecommunications

WiMAX has the potential to replace a number of existing

telecommunications infrastructures.WiMAX is the only wireless standard today that has the ability to deliver

true broadband sp eeds and help mak e. WiMAX networks are optimized for high-

speed data and should help spur innovation in services, content and new mobile

devices. WiMAX represents a global connectivity opportunity in highly developed

VISWODAYA Institute of Technology and Science


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mobile market segments and developing countries where this technolo gy may help

provide affordable broadband services.

WiMAX Features:

WiMAX provides wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) connectivity

at speeds of up to 75 Mb/sec.

WiMAX systems can be used to transmit signal as far as 30 miles.

A WiMAX base station would beam high-speed Internet connections to homes

and businesses in a radius of up to 50 km (31 miles).

Due to this it is well suited for a country such as India wh ere telecom

infrastructure is poor and last mile access is expensive.

:TYPES OF

WiMAXPoint-to-point (PTP) Point-to-Multipoint

(PMP)

POINT TO

POINT:Point to point is used where there are two points of interest: one sender and

one receiver. This is also a scenario for backhaul or the transport from the data source

(data center, co-lo facility, fiber POP, Central Office, etc) to the subscriber or for a

point for distribution using point to multipoint architecture. Backhaul radios comprise

an industry of their own within the wireless industry. As the architecture calls for a

highly focused beam between two points range and throughput of point-to point

radios will be higher than that of point-to-multipoint products.

POINT TO

MULTIPOINT

:

Viswodaya Institute of Technology and Science


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Point-to-multipoint is

synonymous with distribution.

One base station can service

hundreds of dissimilar subscribers

in terms of bandwidth and

services offered.

The point to multipoint (PMP)

system allows a radio system to provide services to multiple users. WiMax systems

can also be setup as mesh networks allowing the WiMax system to forward packets

between base stations an d subscribers without having to install communication lines

between base stations.

Here we can see the both types of point-to-point & point-to-multipoint

APPLICATIONS OF

WiMAX

:

There are mainly two applications of WiMAX. They are

FixedWiMAX Mobile WiMAX

FIXED

WiMAX:

Fixed WiMAX applications are point-to-multipoint enabling broadband

access to homes and businesses.



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Fixed WiMAX offers cost effective point to point and point to multi-

pointsolutions

Fixed

WiMAX

include a radius of service coverage of 6 miles from a

WiMAX base station for point-to-multipoint, non-line-of-sight service. This service

should deliver approximately 40 megabits per second (Mbps) for fixed access

applications.

That WiMAX cell site should offer enough b andwidth to support

hundreds of businesses with T1 speeds and thousands of residential customers with

the equivalent of DSL services from one base station.

MOBILE

WiMAX:

Mobile WiMAX allows any telecommunications to go

mobileMobile WiMAX is based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequ ency

DivisionviswodayaInstitute of Technology and Science


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Multiple Access) technology which has inherent advantages in throughput, latency,

spectral efficiency, and advanced antennae support; ultimately enabling it to provide

higher p erformance than today's wide area wireless technologies.

Mobile WiMAX takes the fixed wireless application a step further and

enables cell phone-like applications on a much larger scale. For example, mobile

WiMAX enables streaming video to be broadcast from a speeding police or other

emergency vehicle at over 70 MPH. It potentially replaces cell phones and mobile

data offerings from cell phone operators .

WiMAXSTANDARDS:802.16 broadband wireless systems have evolved over time.

This diagram shows that the original 802.16 specification defined fix ed broadband

wireless service that operates in the 10-66 GHz frequency band. To provide wireless

broadband service in lower f requency range, the 802.16A specification was created

that operates in the 2-11 GHz frequency band. To provide both fixed and mobile

service, the 802.16E sp ecification was developed.

LINE OF SIGHT (LOS) OR NON LINE OF SIGHT (NLOS):



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The difference between line of sight and non-line of

sight

Earlier wireless technologies ( LMDS, MMDS for example) were unsuccessful

in the mass market as they could not deliver services in non-line-of-sight scenarios.

This limited the number of subscribers they could reach and, given the high cost of

base stations and CPE, those business plans failed. WiMAX functions best in line of

sight situations and, unlike those earlier technologies, offers acceptable range and

throughput to subscribers who are not line of sight to the base station..

Buildings between the base station and the subscriber diminish the

range and throughput, but in an urban environment, the signal will still be strong

enough to deliver adequate service. Given WiMAX's ability to deliver services non-

line-of-sight, the WiMAX service provider can reach man y customers in high-rise

office buildings achieve a low cost per subscriber because so many subscribers can be

reached from on e base station.

REAL TIME EXAMPLE USING

WiMAX

:

WIMAX

RADIO

:

The major component of a WiMax system includes subscriber station

(SS), a base station (BS) and interconnection gateways to datacom (e.g. Internet) and

telecom (e.g. PSTN). An antenna and receiver (subscriber station) in the home or

business converts the microwave radio signals into broadband data signals for

distribution in the home. In this example, a WiMax system is being used to provide

telephone and broadband data communication services. When used for telephone

services, the WiMax system converts broadcast signals to an audio format (such as



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VoIP) for distribution to IP telephones or analog telephone adapter (ATA) box es.

When WiMax is used for broadb and data, the WiMax system also connects the

Internet through a gateway to the Internet. This example also shows that the WiMax

system can reach distances of up to 50 km when o perating at lower frequen cies

(2-11 GHz).

Mobile

Broadband

Broadband anytime- anywh ere is the gr eat

promise of WiMAX, which has arrived with Mobile WiMAX products.

IEEE 802.16e-2005 stan dard takes broadband wireless to a new plane. Suddenly it is

possible to have a DSLlike broadband experience anywhere you happen to be, not just

at home or in a Wi-Fi hot spot environment. With WiMAX we start to get Hot Zones

that are a few kilometres wide and the broadband experience moves outdoors.

Mobile broadband open s up a whole new high-speed data ex perience, which cannot

be matched by the other mobile technologies available today. Imagin e you decide to

walk to the nearby park during your lunch break to enjoy the sunn y weather. You

receive a call from on e of your customers asking you to confirm some price

reductions immediately so that they can place th e order. You start a data session on



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your smart WiMAX enabled device, log on to the server at work and download the

relevant spreadsheet. Yo u then proceed to confirm the price reduction and you receive

the order from the customer before you have returned to yo ur desk.

LIMITATIONS:

1. A commonly-held misconception is that WiMAX will deliver 70 Mbit/s over 50

kilometers. In reality, WiMAX can do one or the other - operating over max imum

range (50 km) increases bit error rate and thus must use a lower bitrate. Lowering the

range allows a device to operate at higher bitrates.

2. Typically, fixed WiMAX networks have a higher-gain directional antenna installed

near the client (customer) which results in greatly increased range and throughput.

3. Mobile WiMAX networks are usually made of indoor " customer premise

equipment " (CPE) such as desktop modems, laptops with integrated Mobile WiMAX

or other Mobile WiMAX devices. Mobile WiMAX devices typically have an omni-

directional antenn a which is of lower-gain comp ared to directional antennas but are

more portable. In practice, this means that in a line-of-sight environment with a

portable Mobile WiMAX CPE, speeds of 10 Mbit/s at 10 km could be delivered

However, in urban environments they may not have line-of-sight and therefore users

may only receive 10 Mbit/s over 2 km. Higher-gain directional antennas can be used

with a Mobile WiMAX network with range and throughput benefits but the obvious

loss of practical mobility.

4. Like most wireless systems, available bandwidth is shared between users in a given

radio sector, so performance could deteriorate in the case of many active users in a

single sector. In practice, many users will have a range of 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 10- or 12

Mbit/s services and additional radio cards will be added to the base station to increase

the capacity as required.

Because of this, various granular and distributed network architectures are

being incorporated into WiMAX through independent development and within the

802.16j mobile multi-hop relay (MMR) task group. This includes wireless mesh ,

grids, network remote station repeaters which can extend networks and connect to

backhaul.

Amendments in

progressViswodaya Institute of Technology and Science


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Active amendments:

802.16e-2005 Mobile 802.16

802.16f-2005 Management Information Base

802.16g-2007 Management Plane Procedu res and Services

802.16k-2007 Bridging of 802.16 (an amendment to 802.1D)

Amendments under dev elopment:

802.16h Improved Coexistence Mechanisms for License-Exempt Operation

802.16i Mobile Management Information Base

802.16j Multihop Relay Specification

802.16Rev2 Consolidate 802.16-2004, 802.16e, 802.16f, 802.16 g an d possibly

802.16i into a new document.

Amendments at pre-draft stage:

802.16m Advanced Air Interface. Data rates of 100 Mbit/s for mobile applications

and 1 Gbit/s fo r fixed applications, cellular, macro and micro cell coverage, with

currently no restrictions on the RF bandwidth (which is expected to be 20 MHz or

higher). The proposed work plan would allow completion of the standard by Sept

2008 for approval by Dec 2008.

Future

developmentFor use in cellular spectrum. WiMAX II, 802 .16m will be proposed for

IMT-Advanced 4 G.

The go al for the long term evolution of both WiMAX and LTE is to achieve 100

Mbit/s mobile and 1 Gbit/s fixed-nomadic bandwidth as set by ITU for 4G NGMN

(Next Generation Mobile Network) systems through the adaptive use of MIMO-AAS

and smart, granular network topologies. 3GPP LTE and WiMAX-m are concentrating

much effort on MIMO-AAS, mobile multi-hop relay networkin g and related

developments needed to deliver 10X and higher Co-Channel reuse multiples.

Since the evolution of core air -link technologies has approached the practical limits

imposed by Shannon's Theorem , the evolution of wireless has embarked o n pursuit of

the 3X to 10X+ greater bandwidth and network efficiency gains that are ex pected b y

advances in the spatial and smart wireless broadband networking technologies. What

will clearly define 4G more than either WCDMA or OFDMA wireless link

methodswill be wireless networks that more effectively adapt to and take advantage of

available spectrum



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CONCLUSION:

WiMax is all set to take over the wireless world. WiMAX represents a

global connectivity opportunity in highly dev eloped mobile market segments and

developing countries where this technology may help provide affordable broadband

services Using WiMax. This development will allow for such things as mobile video

conferencing, live video feeds without the cost of satellite time, and connecting to

practically anything live, on-line, and do it with a device in your hand. Amazing! One

to many and one to one telecasting. All the possibilities of broadband combined with

mobility and freedom from place.

The emerging BWA technology WiMAX allows interoperability and

combines the benefits that other wireless networking technologies offer individually

and leads a path towards 4G and become the 4G wireless technology in the future. e-

mail : [email protected]


Wimax 4g Communications (4)

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