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© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Wie Semantik Inhalte intelligent verbindetmicroDocs und mehr
11. Februar, 2020 DOKU+MEDIEN FORUM 2020DokuNord, Hamburg
Fakultät Informations- und MedienmanagementHochschule Karlsruhe (HSKA)
Institut für Informations- und Content-Management (I4ICM)
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Ziegler
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Ziegler
– Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Germany
„Communication und Media Management“ (HSKA)
» Knowledge, Information, content, data modelling
» Information processes and systems in TC
Institute for Information and Content Management
– Institute for Information and Content Management (I4ICM)
» Research Transfer (PI-Class, CVM, REx, CDP, CoReAn, microDocs)
» System evaluation/introduction, process analysis/engineering,
CMS/CDP optimizing, classification/content engineering
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Agenda
• Introduction
• Content Management Concepts
• Content Delivery Concepts
• Digital Information Services
• Intelligence Cascade and Types of Semantic Applications
• Content Access using microDocs
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Introduction
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Evolution of Perspectives on (Technical) InformationIntroduction
Inte
rnal
Exte
rnal
Department Enterprise
CMS
Process &
System
Integration,
Industry 4.0
IoTECMS/
PLM
• Situational
• Online
• Mobile
• Onsite
Info
rmati
on
Use C
ases
Data Creation/Management
CDP DIS
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What has been the focus of content management
and related technologies?
•Most granular Information (topic-based content)
•Metadata enrichment (of topics) according to product
variants
•Automization of CMS processes (generating, publishing)
Introduction
CMS
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Collection of variants
depending on parameters
Manuals & data on
configurable products
Introduction
CMS
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
What is the focus of content management and
related technologies?
Lack of specific information…
Introduction
CMS
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Content Delivery Objectives (User side)
• Create and deliver more and better user-centered information:
– situational (according machine and user situation)
– case-based (following predefined use cases)
– product-/variant-specific (as most as possible)
– suitable media
• Create new business cases / Digital Information Services
Introduction
CDP
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Use Case Dependencies & Requirements
for Deliverables & Services
• Sales process / Information & Product Search:
– Overview data and summarized tables
– Specific: Data sheet, technical data, dependency information
•Machine Planning: specific envisaged configuration
• Set-up /Installation: specific context and configuration setting
•Repair planning: specific existing configuration
•Operation/customer services: Detailed information
Introduction
DIS
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
What is the (recent) focus of content management
and related technologies?
•Most granular Information (topic-based content)
•Metadata enrichment (of topics) according to product
variants
•Automization of CMS processes (generating, publishing)
• Support search & delivery (interfaces, facets, )
•Definition of use-cases (user stories, customer journey, …)
and target groups (personas)
Introduction
CMS
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
How can we…?
•…manage complexity (product, information, processes)
• … enable and empower writers to produce variant specific,
i.e. configuration-dependant information units
•… plan configurations and relevant parameters, also for
authoring & document creation
•… retrieve information in an efficient way
•… connect to use cases (sales, operation, servicing, …)
•… apply new and appropriate media
•… prove use and relevance of content
Introduction
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Content Management
Creating (native) intelligent content
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CMS drivers and demands from industry
Products from industrial engineering and manufacturing are characterized by „mass
customization“ and „globalization“ :
• Short-time development cycles
• Many changes within development phase
• Often changes within time of use (servicing for manufacturing/machines) and reuse of parts
• Use of standard parts & components (mass production)
• Adapting products to customer needs (customization)
• Adapting products to all addressed markets (globalization issues for export-oriented industries)
• Comply with regulations and standards
Software similar; more software variants (branches), platform & agile development;in many cases individual customizing;
CM Methods
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
CM Methods Basic CM Concepts in TC
•CMS principles
Controlled reuse of content modules (topics) in
multiple delivery structures, documents or media using metadata
•CMS offer technologies for
– Variant management (product & media variants, configuration)
– Version management (change Management)
– Translation management (internationalization, globalization)
– Cross media & publishing management
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Reuse, Aggregation and Publishing
CM Methods Referencing modules/topics • permits controlled processes• avoids uncontrolled redundancies• defines and populates document structures by topics
Reuse by
Cross Media Publishing
(automated)
Referencing
Doc
Mod1Mod3
Mod4
Mod2 Mod5
Document Structures
Modules/
Topics
Data Format <XML>
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
11,4 %
11,0 %
3,7 %
3,9 %
2,1 %
2,0 %
7,8
50,7 %
7,4 %
14,6 %
16,9 %
6,5 %
5,1 %
2,8 %
2,5 %
7,1 %
39,2 %
5,3
14,6 %
26,3 %
6,4 %
3,5
2,5 %
3,9 %
10,5 %
29,3 %
2,9 %
CMS ist für uns kein Thema, mit dem wir uns befassen
Informationsphase über CMS
Entscheidungsphase pro / contra CMS
Gegen CMS entschieden
Für CMS entschieden: Analyse / Konzeption
Für CMS entschieden: CM-System-Auswahl
Für CMS entschieden: CMS-Implementierung
Für CMS entschieden: CMS-Nutzung
Für CMS entschieden: CMS-Systemwechsel
Umfragejahr 2000
Umfragejahr 2013
Umfragejahr 2018
System ChangeSystem Change
System Use
System Implementation-
System Selection
System Planning
Not an issue
Informing
Deciding
Decided (against CMS)
CMS Phases
Straub/Ziegler: tekom CMS-Studie 2019
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
What is TC focussing for authoring & linguistics?
•Comprehensive writing
•Rules-based writing
•Consistent terminology
•Writing for international markets (translation, localization)
• Self-contained information: topic-based writing
•Definition of target groups (personas) and use cases (user
stories, customer journey, …)
CM Methods
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
XML Authoring environments (for content creation) CM Methods
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
CM Methods Metadata Enrichment by
Semantic Metadata for Modular Content (PI-Class®)
Physical & Virtual Objects
(Product Components)
Content
Content
Content
Content Objects
(Modular Topics)
Operation
Dismount
Repair
Information Classes
Product Classes
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Basic Dimensions of Module Classification
(PI-Class®)
Topic: self-contained information unit;
topic concept and content is defined by (intrinsic) PI-classes
CM Methods
Product-Class
Base/ Telescopic Rod
X3B, X3-H1,X5-B, X5-D,…
Information-Class
Operation/Height Adjustm.
User Manual,Service Manual,…
intrinsic
extrinsic
www.pi-fan.de
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
CMS „Taxonomies“ from Topic Classification CM Methods
Rotor
Display
Heating
X3B
T3B
ContentTopic
Safety
Repair
Functional Description
User Manual
Service Manual
Intrinsic Taxonomies Intrinsic Taxonomies
Extrinsic Hierarchies Extrinsic Hierarchies
Hierarchies, Taxonomies, List, …
Variant properties Functional Metadata
MultidimensionalInformation Space
Metadata
for identifying
and addressing
modules/topics
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Use of (semantic) metadata for/from CMS
•Definition of topic content (module concept)
•Content planning (workflow, content development)
•Automized document creation (rules based)
•Variant management
CM Methods
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
CMS „Taxonomies“ from Topic Classification CM Methods
ContentTopic
Tools
Variant properties Functional Metadata (Collections)
Time SpareParts
ErrorCodes
MaintIntervals
…
Extended PI-Class: Multidimensional Information Space
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
CMS „Taxonomies“ from Topic Classification CM Methods
ContentTopic
Variant Properties/Features→ Product Configurations
Geo-metry
PartsNo
Mate-rial
Features
Extended PI-Class: Multidimensional Information Space
Location
Functional Metadata(Collections)
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Information Environment and DependenciesCM Methods
Rotor
Display
Heating
X3B
T3B
ContentTopic
Safety
Repair
Functional D.
User Manual
Service Manual
Component
TaxonomiesInformation
Class
Product
Structure
Document
Types
Variant properties Functional Metadata
Depency on:
• Stake Holder
• Process Owner & Driver
• Information Sources & Systems
Tech Comm.Standards, iiRDS
Tech Comm.Standards, VDI 2770
Service, Production,Software Dev., … IoT!
ERP, Engineering, PLM, PIM/PDM
Prod.Management,Salesor Tc
Engineering,Development,PLM, ERPor TC
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Analyzing CMS processes and use of CM methods
• System development & improvement can be proven by KPI
•Reuse numbers of modules, fragments, media, …
•Reuse rates of deliverables (documents, …)
• Efficiency / cost indicators (Sharing factors per publication)
•Change rates and new content rates (per publication)
•Document fingerprints (module reuse rates within docs)
•Variant managment (number of variants, complexity ….)
Report Exchange (REx)
Method
CM Methods
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Adjusting theintensity
The intensity of the fan can be adjusted in seven levels.
• Turn the levelknob until theintensity ofthe fan is setas desired.
Variant Management (Topic variants)
Extrinsic product variant
retrieved by usage
or described by product
types (for retrieval)
CM Methods
©Prof. Dr. Ziegler
Adjusting the intensity
The intensity of the fan can be adjusted in five levels.
• Turn the level knob until theintensity of the fan is set asdesired.
………
T3B, TAB, TB5,T35, T3X5B,…
TPB, TAMP, ….
Extrinsic Classification as variant property
Adjusting the intensity
The intensity of the fan can be adjusted continuously.Turn the level knob until the intensity ofthe fan is set as desired.
………
T7B, TFX,..
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Variant Management (sub-modular; one topic)
Extrinsic product variant
collection (of all products)
for filtering
CM Methods
©Prof. Dr. Ziegler
Adjusting the intensity
The intensity of the fan can be adjusted in five levels.The intensity of the fan can be adjusted continuously.The intensity of the fan can be adjusted in seven levels.
• Turn the level knob until the intensity of the fan is set as desired.
………
T3B, TB5,T445, TX5B,…
TPB, TAMP, …. T7B, TFX,..
Extrinsic Classification as Variant Property
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
CM Methods Variant Management by Properties (submodular)
Topic planning according to
configuration variants
©Prof. Dr. Ziegler
Adjusting the intensity
The intensity of the fan can be adjusted in five levels.The intensity of the fan can be adjusted continuously.The intensity of the fan can be adjusted in seven levels.
• Turn the level knob until the intensity of the fan is set as desired.
………
levels = 5 levels = Cont levels = 7
Product features as variant property
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Systematic Variant Analysis
Analyzing the origins of
large numbers of
topic variants
Driver of product complexity
and / or
(necessary?)
content complexity
CM Methods
Number of topic variantsper (PI-) Metadata combination
Number of (PI-) metadatacombinations
There are two (PI-)metadatacombinations having 33 distinct topic variants
(x=33; y=2)
One of two retrieved PI-Combinations:
Mounting Bracket / Base / Telescopic rod+Task / Mounting
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Analyzing Content Variants (by content)
Example detected by REx
method:
All topics have the same
(intrinsic) classification
but differ in
(extrinsic) product classes
CM MethodsProdukt A
Produkt B
Produkt C
Produkt D
Produkt E
Produkt F
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Summary I (CMS)
• Technology and methods are available in CMS for
topic-based and configuration-specific
information creation, document assembling, publishing and provisioning
(packaging). They rely strongly on taxonomic classification.
• Limiting factors are often data quality / process integration within
companies and human factors (complexity of information structures;
„lost in metadata“ of different configurations) as well as a lack of
information planning! (Therefore, also analytics is needed…)
• Planning, analysis and management of processes (like variant
management) depend on metadata quality
Content
Management
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Summary /Vision II (CMS)
•Highly structured content, enriched by semantic metadata has been
created, but often only used for (automated) PDF/print production.
(Even though CMS can produce all types of media)
• Latest delivery technologies benefit from and require such structured
content packages
•New media (e.g. chatbots, training, animations, AR/VR/MR) demand
additional or new types of information structures and content
Content
Management
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Intelligent Content Delivery (Methods & Technology)
Making use of native intelligence of content
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Webshops as CDPCD Methods
Produktportale II (Amazon) Facets
Filter
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Content Delivery
Portals
Basic definition and functionalities
Systems offering web based access to modular, aggregatedcontent or other information for various user groups by related retrieval mechanisms.
Basic functionalities
• Access or import content from relevant data sources and corresponding systems
• Manage and update content within the content lifecycle
• Retrieval functionalities including user interfaces for content searching
• Web-based display of content on a modular or document-based level
• Web services handling requests from other applications and events.
(Definition 2013)
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
CD Methods Facetted search/request and topic delivery
Oil Pump
Hydraulic system
Testing
Procedure
Z-006
M a c h i n e
Service
D o c u m e n tC o m p o n e n t
I n f o r m a t i o nZ-006, Z-007
Testing the pressure of the oil pump
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
CD Methods Facetted search/request and topic delivery
Oil Pump
Hydraulic system
Testing
Procedure
Z-006
M a c h i n e
a1 |b3 | … |x5 |y1 |z 5
Konfigurat ionC o m p o n e n t
I n f o r m a t i o nZ-006, Z-007
Testing the pressure of the oil pump
Customer-
dependent
Configuration !
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Selection/Generating of
publication depending
on parameters
CD Methods
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Content Delivery Portal (PI-Fan)CD Methods
[www.pi-fan.de]
Structured Search
Direct Search
Facets Navigation
Cleaning the rotor
Mounting the rotorProcedures
X-Series
All Components
DocufyTopic Pilot
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Content Delivery Portal (PI-Fan)CD Methods
©Prof. Dr. Ziegler
Navigating the document structure
(before/after facetted search)
Adjusting the tilt
Adjusting the tilt
PI-Fan T3-B
www.pi-fan.de
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
App Delivery Application including SearchCD Methods
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Object Recognition and CDP
Content Request & Delivery
CD Methods CDP Request: Deep Link / Parameter Call
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
CDP: Facets in DocumentsCD Methods
Schema
Content Delivery
Server
www.pi-fan.de
Navigating the
document structure;
then facetted filter
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Content Delivery Portal (PI-Fan)CD Methods
SchemaContent Delivery Server
[www.pi-fan.de]
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
CDP environment in industrial applicationsCD Methods
CMS, …
CDP
xMS
xMS
xMS
CMSCMS
Supplier
AdditionalInformation&Sources
User InformationService Information
Off SiteWeb Portal / Mobile
Exchange Format(proprietary vs. standardized/iiRDS)
Machine state(errors, messages,operating conditions)
CDP
OnSite
Online/
Offline
„AR/VR/MR
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
What ist the (recent/real) role of TC in digitization?
Digital Services by different
• Projects
• Show cases
• Departments
CD Methods
CMS, … CDP
xMS
xMS
xMS
CMSCMS
Supplier
BusinessInformationSources
User InformationBasic / StaticService Information
Off Site (online/offline)Web Portal / Mobile
CDP
OnSite
AR/VR/MR
Machine state(errors, messages, operating conditions)
Chatbots/KI
Service, Production,Software Dev., Engin.… IoT
Sales, Marketing, …
TC
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Delivery of TC content: Digital Content Service
CDP as Digital Content Service
• Content provisioningfor data integration
• Web interfaces /API
• Standard Formats(XML, HTML, PDF, iiRDS)
• Requires classified topicbased on variants andconfigurations!
CD Methods
CMS, … CDP
xMS
xMS
xMS
CMSCMS
Supplier
BusinessInformationSources
User InformationBasic / StaticService Information
Off Site (online/offline)Web Portal / Mobile
CDP
OnSite
AR/VR/MR
Machine state(errors, messages, operating conditions)
Chatbots/KI
Service, Production,Software Dev.,… IoT
Sales, Marketing, …
TC
DCS
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Technological Use Cases
• Search documents (retrieval manually by facets, full text)
•Read documents (online use; navigation in toc;
adding comments and annotations)
•Download documents (offline use)
• Search topics & read
• Push topics from machine- and IoT-applications
•Collect and download topics & documents (**/remark below)
• Interactivity (Voice, object, behaviour, gesture, role recognition)
CD Methods
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Defining User-centered Use Cases
•User situation
•Machine/product situation,
trigger (IoT?)
•General
information need
•Device, on/off-line/on-site,
Media
•Role (user, service, customer)
• Pre-Knowledge, level
Criteria
CD Methods
• Product lifecycle
•Customer journey phase
•Automated detectable
metadata
• Expected search behaviour and
priority (facets vs. full-text)
•Required topic or document;
additional information
•Definition of success
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Use Case / User Story (Pre-Sales)
• Product search for planning component
exchange
• Has complex (water cleaning) machine
• Needs information if retrieved
component is suitable; dangers/risks,
restrictions, benefits
• Web-Site
• Planner (Technical staff; can trigger order)
• Knows necessary configuration and
parameters
CD Methods
• Maintenance
• New Customer, informing, procurement
• No metadata detectable
• Wants to select component-type and then
detailed configuration parameters;
wants to compare similar suitable products
• Needs appropriate product with
corresponding specific tech data (specs),
table overview as comparison of variants;
should receive correlated
information about dangers, restrictions
(TC),
benefits (sales)
• Buys component
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Use Case / User Story (Installation)
• Installation process of sensor (unexpected
problems)
• Stopped machine; ready for exchange
• Needs concrete information about wiring of
sensor, possible problems and solutions
• App (Android), camera, on-line
• Service technician of customer company
• Knows usual wiring and sensor exchange
procedure
CD Methods
• Maintenance, repair
• Customer
• Errorcodes and related components
• Wants to detect component-type
information for installation
(code/Scanning);
• Needs appropriate installation procedure;
possible problems (description, solutions)
Additional: settings, testing
• Exchange;
exchange protocol, settings and testing
archived
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Use Cases / User Stories and CDP kick-off
•Restrict to the most important use cases where benefit and
success can be „measured“
• Start with productive (reference) implementation according
to clearly communicated use cases
•Avoid higly sophisticated use case, unless user story is most
relevant business case
•Develop new digital information services; not another
online-help system no-one uses
• Think of CDP maybe also as an easy to use internal content
communication systeme
Recommendations
CD Methods
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
CDP and analytics in industrial applications
Analytics
CD Environment
CMS, …
CDP
xMS
xMS
xMS
CMSCMS
Supplier
Additional
Information
&
Sources
User Information
Service Information
Off Site
Web Portal / Mobile
Machine state
(errors, messages,
operating conditions)
CDP
On
Site
Online/
Offline
AnalyticsAnalyticsAnalyticsAnalyticsAnalytics
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Overview of Content System Analytics
Analytics
CMS & CDP Analytics
CMS CDP
KPI
Delivery & Feedback
KPI→Metrics:• Reuse Rates
(Abundancy)• Redundancy• Document Sharing
factor• Variant management• Correlations;
Distributions…
Indirect feedback
→Metrics:• visiting time,• Visit frequency• search
behaviour• search terms• …
Direct feedback• Rating• Satisfaction
→ Improve: • Product• Information• Terminology
(Harvesting)
CMS Analytics (REx)
CDP Analytics(CoReAn)
ArtificialIntelligence→Quality
assurance:• Similarity
analysis• Classification
quality…
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Digital Archiving Services & CMS/CDPCMS – CDPProof Levels:• Publication• Download• Deployment• Viewing• Search/Retrieval• Aggregation, Dynamic Pub.
CMS CDP
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Remark on Archiving Service
Regulations require:
•Archiving of content packages and media (timestamp)
•Archiving of transfer data and proof of content delivery
•Archiving of ustomer aggreements and confirmations
•Documentation of systems & processes
•Archiving lifetime (10 y, 30 y or industry dependent)
•Data security (no access) and transfer security (encryption)
• Product monitoring through problem search and analysis
Digitization means, that content
delivered before as paper, will be
increasingly substituted by new
media and formats.
The increase of electronic
information delivery requires to
rethink and to reorganize for
example also corresponding
archiving processes.
Content Delivery & Regulations
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Summary (CDP)• Technology of CDP is available mostly for delivery of document
packages and facetted search for contained topics and documents;
Source of facets are mostly taxonomies from CMS
•Remark**:Dynamic aggregation, variant management is (at the
moment) mostly done in CMS, not in CDP; configuration management
needs new approaches because of its more dynamic and complex
structure
•Delivery use cases for successful applications have to be clearly
explored and defined
•Delivery can be developed in addition as Digital Content Service (DCS)
for various external and internal applications and media
Content
Delivery
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Digital Information Services
Business and Use Cases for Content Delivery
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Digital Information Service (for machine service)
Service planning and tracking
CDP and CMS information is
connected to service
processes
Source: STAR AG
Retrieval/request by
(PI-)Classification
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Access to granular service information & data
Source: STAR AG
Digital ServiceInformation Service
Interactive Data from
CMS & Engineering:
Sensing & archiving
of data setting
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
DIS as extendedproduct portfolio
Service Information and AR (Hololens)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyDZ7Q4AFu8
Source: Voith Hydro
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Digital services asan extendedproduct portfolio
Service Information and AR (Hololens)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyDZ7Q4AFu8
Source: Voith Hydro
Interactive data from system sensors;
Content integration from
various sources;
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
DIS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGtCQWROytw
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Installation, Configuration, TroubleshootingDIS
Reseller support
(Heating, AC)
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Installation, Configuration, TroubleshootingDIS
Reseller support
(Heating, AC)
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Remote Assist (including video + AR)
Service (von Ardenne)
DIS
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Remote Assist (including video + AR)
Remote Service
(von Ardenne)
DIS
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
VR-based Learning
Training (von Ardenne)
DIS
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Augmented Intelligence
The Intelligence Cascade
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Levels of Intelligent Content and Data
Native IntelligenceSemantic content and semantic metadata for processautomization, e.g. PI-Classification
Extended/Augmented IntelligenceAdditional relations between (content) objects describede.g. by ontologies or other semantic
Artificial IntelligenceAutomated extraction of metadata and knowledge bystatistical methods (machine learning), …
Intelligence
Cascade
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
PI-Fan implementation & PI-Classification in CMS
» w w w .pi-fan.de
Native Intelligence
Extrinsic Classification
for Variant Management
On Topic or subtopiclevel
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Practice
innovation
IDS c-rex.net
Native Intelligence Content Delivery Portal (PI-Fan)
Adjusting the tilt
www.pi-fan.de
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
14,0%
2,6%
2,3%
36,5%
19,6%
37,4%
24,0%
3,8%
2,0%
2,4%
19,8%
5,5%
2,7%
68,3%
PI-Klassifikation/ PI-Class (nach Ziegler)
iiRDS (tekom)
Klassenkonzept (nach Closs)
Eigenes Konzept
Klassifikation der Inhalte / Module gemäß Vorgaben der XML-Standardstruktur
Klassifikation der Inhalte / Module gemäß Vorgaben des CMS
Nein, keine weiteren Standardisierungsmethoden für Metadaten und Modularisierung
Standardisierung von Metadaten
Keine CMS Nutzung
CMS Nutzung
Use and Type of Classification with/without CMS
tekom CMS Study 2018
(D-A-CH/ Central Europe)
(approx. 700 – 850 persons)
Content
Management
No use of and no concept for classification
According to concept given by CMS
According to concept given byXML structure (information model)
Custom concept by CMS users
Klassenkonzept (Closs)
iiRDS (tekom)
PI-Class®PI-Classification
Not using CMS
Using CMS
Standardization of Metadata
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Limitations of Classical Metadata
(Native Intelligence)
Intelligence
Cascade
• Taxonomies and metadata
hierarchies correspond to
a two-dimensional
(flat) descriptions
of a dree-dimensional world
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Intelligence
Cascade
Typical challenges arising from taxonomies
•Multi occurences of product components at different
locations (in taxonomy)
•Relations between product components;
Depencies of topics on combinations of components
•Dependencies of additional variant properties between
each other and on product components (configuration
management)
•Dependencies of information types on other taxonomic
values
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
More Complexity (and Dimensions)
Relations and rules are
mostly given by
by product management
or by technology
Intelligence
Cascade
FunctionalDescription
Rotor
Display
Heating
X3B
T3B
ContentTopic
Safety
Repair
User Manual
Service Manual
IntrinsicTaxonomies
IntrinsicTaxonomies
ExtrinsicHierarchies
ExtrinsicHierarchies
Hierarchies, Taxonomies, List, …
Variant Features/Properties
Functional Metadata
Multidimensional Information Space including relations
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Augmented Intelligence
Ontologies and semantics
as communication means
and knowledge
representation
Intelligence
Cascade• Purpose of Augmented Intelligence is to model the complexity of
real world products and information
•Overcome typical shortcomings of the
taxonomic modelling of metadata
• Introduce model of objects, their properties and (conditional)
relations between each other
as semantic network → Ontologies
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Ontologies
•Ontologies represent a modelling technique of describing relevant
aspects of a real-world situation (business cases, information,
processes, …)
• The goal is to model all occuring objects in an abstract way as classes
and the real-world objects as their representations (indiv. instances)
•Relations between objects and their properties are modelled within the
ontology on a class level while further rules can apply (between
instances)
•Ontologies are closely related to computer science (OOP), terminology
management (conceptual systems), philosophy, …
Augmented
Intelligence
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Augmented Intelligence: Appl. TypeAugmented
IntelligenceInformation
Topics
Product
Component
Modelling tool: ProtegeData by A, Ahmadpour MT HSKA 2019, W. Ziegler
Product
Functions
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Augmenting CMS / CDP by Ontologies
Applications for
Augmented Intelligence
Augmented
Intelligence
CMS
CDP
Appl. Type I
Appl. Type II
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Semantic Middleware (Information Hub)Augmented
Intelligence
CMS CDP
InformationServices
Appl. Type III
Applications for
Augmented Intelligence
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Augmented
Intelligence
Application Type I (CMS-related)
CMS
CDP
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Product model (attached to engineering) as (as far as possible/needed complete) model of
components, their relations, functions and properties
with respect to variants
Ontology Modelling (of PI-Fan) Augmented
Intelligence
© 2017 ONTOLIS GmbH
Source: Ontolis
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Augmented
Intelligence
Product Model (Aumented Intelligence) as Ontology
© 2017 ONTOLIS GmbH
Quelle: Ontolis
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Application Type I
• Allows planning of product variants in a systematic, rules-
based and visual way of ontology models
•Can be used as a lookup technology or can be integrated via
CMS interfaces
•Connects to product development, configuration
management, PLM and configuration software
• Empowers TC writers to handle product complexity
•Control/support CMS processes (in the future) by interfaces
Augmented
Intelligence
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Appl. Type II (CDP-related)Augmented
Intelligence
CMS
CDP
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Augmented
Intelligence
Ontology modelling (of PI-Fan)
Source: I-Views (iiRDS metadata class model and topics)
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Application Type II
• Allows the modelling of logical connections between information
and topics available in a search system (CDP)
•Can be used as a visual lookup technology (delivery network)
•Can be integrated into CDP in order to improve search results by
logical relationships between information (similarity algorithms)
•Can be connected to enterprise search systems (search expansions)
• Topics/Information can be assigned manually to an ontology or
using AI technologies
Augmented
Intelligence
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Application Type IIISemantic Middleware (Information Hub)
Connecting the enterprise information environment
by ontologies/semantic relationsSources can provide: labels, search indexes,taxonomies, ontologies,… data, documents, media,utterances (chats), … , social media content, …
Augmented
Intelligence
CMS CDP
InformationServices
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Modelling of (Meta Data)-Mapping between content
from different sources (Sherlock, Fischer IT)
Intelligence
Cascade
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Application Type III
• Semantic middleware (information hub) is connecting the enterprise
information environment and contained information
through semantic relations (ontologies)
• Independent of specific applications (CMS, CDP)
• Provide connectors/interfaces to different information systems and
databases
•Can import or manage (meta) data; rules-based operations (coll.)
• Provides (web-)services and interfaces to other applications in order
to benefit from a structured access to all data sources
Augmented
Intelligence
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Standardizing Exchange by Ontologies
Content Delivery
Intelligence
Cascade
CMS
CDP
Standardized description and packaging of metadata and content.
Metadata are desciribed by using the formal ontology language RDF and
the logic of extended PI-classification.
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Relationship between PI-Class and iiRDS
• The metadata concept of iiRDS (for topics)has been given
by and derived from PI-Class®. The PI-Fan is a reference
model for both.
• The metadada description of iiRDS is written in RDFs-
notation. (Standardized XML-notation)
•RDF is a light-weight ontology-description language, which
is not relevant for authors, CMS users.
• iiRDS uses explicit metadata values, given by standards
• PI-classified topics can be transformed or mapped to iiRDS
iiRDS
Intelligence
Cascade
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Metadata Correspondence & Mapping (for Topics)Intelligence
Cascade
Rotor
Display
Heating
X3B
T3B
ContentTopic
Safety
Repair
Functional D.
User Manual
Service Manual
Component
TaxonomiesInformation
Class
Product
StructureDocument
Types
Variant properties Functional Metadata
PI-Class (inner area)vs. iiRDS
See also:
https://iirds.tekom.de/fileadmin/iiRDS_specification/20180418-1.0-release/index.html#iirds-metadata-class-diagram
DocumentationMetadata→ProductMetadata→ProductVariant
DocumentationMetadata→ProductMetadata→Component
DocumentationMetadata→ProductMetadata→ProductFeature
DocumentationMetadata→FunctionalMetadata
DocumentationMetadata→ProductMetadata→ProducLifeCyclePhase
InformationType→
DocumentType
InformationType→
TopicType
InformationType→
InformationSubject
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Recent, possible and future applications
• automated text classification
• translation process (Machine Translation)
• language recognition/processing and dialog systems
(chatbots)
• visual object recognition
• content generation
• interaction analytics (data analytics, behaviour, context, …)
Intelligence
Cascade
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Artificial
Intelligence
Where AI can help and is used
CMS
CDP
Auto Classifi-cation
Auto Classifi-cation
Auto Classifi-cation
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Artificial
Intelligence
Where AI can be used in (future) industrial applications
CMS, …
CDP
xMS
xMS
xMS
CMSCMS
Supplier
Additional
Information
&
Sources
User Information
Service Information
Off Site
Web Portal / Mobile
Machine state
(errors, messages,
operating conditions)
CDP
On
Site
Online/
Offline
Contentgeneration
Machinetranslation
Language recognition
Interaction / gesture
analyses
Objectrecognition
Machineanalytics
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Future Content Access
•microDocs
• System and user tracking
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Retrieval Methods by Content User
Hypothesis & first experiences
• The more unexperienced, the more users will use direct search
(full text search)
•Document structures are often designed as print publications or
as a most complete set of information;
therefore, navigation by document structures (toc) will not be
the appropriate (online) retrieval structure
Future
Content Access
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Retrieval Methods by Content User
Hypothesis & first experiences
• Facetted search relevant (only) for experienced users, e.g. service
technicians, product managers, production process, …
• Full facets derived form product (component) taxonomies are quite
complex to access;
taxonomies may be (more) relevant in the system background;
→ How can we benefit even more from facets/ taxonomies/classes
and/or ontologies?
Future
Content Access
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Retrieval Structures by CDP Future
Content Access• Single-topic retrieval vs. classical document package retrieval
•Both can be implemented by package delivery
(iiRDS-packages or standard proprietary CDP import mechanisms)
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Retrieval structures by CDP Future Content Access
Product-Class
Base/ Telescopic
Rod
X3B, X3-H1,X5-B, X5-D,…
Information-Class
Operation/Height
Adjustm.
User Manual,Service Manual,…
Product-Class
Base/ Telescopic
Rod
Information-Class
Operation/Height
Adjustm.
Single topic Document(complete topic assembly)
X3B, X3-H1,X5-B, X5-D,…
User Manual,Service Manual,…
Lack of context Abundance of contentWhat is needed?
microDocs
A structured set of topicswith relevant contextand sufficient content
Relevance and sufficencyist defined by use cases
„Delivery zwischen Kontext und Content"
technische kommunikation, Heft 6
S. 58-61 (2019)
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
microDocsFuture
Content AccessDefinition
A microDoc is a (sub-)set of topics
required by predefined use cases
and connected by a logical concept
as a dynamic publication in search media
Additional comment:
The logical concept, the relevant context and
the amount of required content can be derived
at different levels from semantic models.
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
microDocsFuture
Content AccessImplementation levels
I. Static documents aggregated on CMS level and packaged
for CDP
II. Dynamic topic aggregation / or filtering in CDP according to
predefined structures using taxonomies (including dynamic
linking)
III. Extraction and linking of content from predefined semantic
relations, rules and properties of ontology classes and/or
instances
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
microDocs
How topics can derived from
a logical structure/ semantic
network
Future
Content Access
A. Ahmadpour, W. Ziegler HSKA
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
microDocsFuture
Content AccessImplementation levels
IV. Extraction and linking of content from human-derived
semantic relations, rules and properties
(by search and access analysis)
→Web-Analytics (CoReAn) of retrieval processes
V. Extraction and linking of content from machine-learned
(AI) semantic relations, rules and properties
(by search and analysis)
→ „Predictive Content“
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
microDocs as MicroServices
•Digital content & information services will be offered for and with
products as selling points
•Companies might offer information services at different levels
(regarding service level, information depth, variant specificity of
parameters )
•microDocs might be provided dynamically and web-based for
different target groups, use cases and other content-consuming
IT/information services
Future
Content Access
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Ontology-based (Type I)
Fa. Ontolis
microDoc (Draft)
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Rules set in CDP
Fa Expert Comm. Systems
microDoc (Draft)
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Classification-based Rules for
Linking
Docufy
microDoc (Draft)
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Delivery of TC content: Digital Content Service
microDocs can be includedin Content Services supportingDigital Information Services
CD Methods
CMS, … CDP
CDP
OnSite
TC
DCS
DigitalInformationServices
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Use Cases/Processes:• Publishing• Download (Download Portal)• Retrieval + Viewing (CDP)• Dyn. Publication (Config, microDocs)• Download (Dyn. Publication)
Digital Archiving Services & CMS/CDP
CDP-related archiving relies
on tracking/analytics of user
behaviour and of dynamics of
information delivery
(dynamic publications)
Future User AccessProof Levels:• Publication• Download• Deployment• Viewing• Search/Retrieval• Aggregation, Dynamic Pub.
CMS CDP
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Semantic Technologies in TC
•Content delivery and corresponding digital information services (DIS)
benefit from native and augmented intelligence of topic-based
information
•Augmented intelligence relies on semantic technologies for products
and corresponding internal and external information
• Semantic systems can empower
–information managers and writers to cope with product complexity
–information systems to deliver most relevant and specific information
to users (e.g. by microDocs and other services like archiving)
Summary
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
Semantic Technologies in TC
•Augmented intelligence relies on native intelligence
(classification concepts) used for example in CMS
• Semantic systems using augmented intelligence can empower
– Companies with their various departments to interact based on
explicit models (of products and information, functionality etc.)
– Information managers and writers to cope with product complexity
– Information systems to deliver most relevant and specific information
to users (e.g. by microDocs and other services like archiving)
Summary I
© P ro f. D r. W. Z i e g l e r I 4 I C M
wolfgang.ziegler@hs-karlsruhe.de
wolfgang.ziegler@i4icm.de
Institute for Information and Content Management
Thank you for your attention!
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