TYPES OF COMPUTER - Balochistan Agriculture · PDF fileTypes of Computers based on Principles of Operation There are three different types of computers according ... 9 Micro Computer.
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TYPES OF
COMPUTER
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By Sikander Shahzad
Lecturer (Computer Science)
Types of Computers based on
Principles of Operation
There are three different types of computers according
to the principles of operation. Those three types of
computers are:
Analog Computers
Digital Computers
Hybrid Computers
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Analog Computers
Analog Computer is a computing device that works on
continuous range of values. The results given by the
analog computers will only be approximate since they
deal with quantities that vary continuously. It generally
deals with physical variables such as voltage, pressure,
temperature, speed, etc
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Analog Computer
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On the other hand a digital computer operates on digital data
such as numbers. It uses binary number system in which there
are only two digits 0 and 1. Each one is called a bit.
The digital computer is designed using digital circuits in which there
are two levels for an input or output signal. These two levels are
known as logic 0 and logic 1. Digital Computers can give more accurate
and faster results.
Digital computer is well suited for solving complex problems in
engineering and technology. Hence digital computers have an
increasing use in the field of design, research and data processing.
Digital Computer
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Digital Computer
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Hybrid Computer
A hybrid computer combines the desirable features of analog
and digital computers. It is mostly used for automatic
operations of complicated physical processes and machines. Now-a-
days analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters are used for
transforming the data into suitable form for either type of
computation.
For exa ple, i hospital’s ICU, a alog devices ight easure the patients temperature, blood pressure and other vital signs. These
measurements which are in analog might then be converted into
Numbers and supplied to digital components in the system. These
co po e ts are used to o itor the patie t’s vital sig a d se d signals if any abnormal readings are detected. Hybrid computers are
mainly used for specialized tasks
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Hybrid Computer
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Types of Computers based on
Configuration.
On the basis of configuration that is
architecture, processing, power, size of main
memory and other capabilities, ca computer can
be divided in the following classes.
Super Computer.
Mainframe Computer.
Mini Computer.
Micro Computer.
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Super Computer
These are the
Largest.
Fastest.
Expensive.
Can handle over 10,000 users.
Parallel Processing.
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USE OF SUPERCOMPUTER: Super comptuers are used for solving complex application such
as Global Weather Forecasting. Creating graphic images,
engineering design and testing, space exploration and other
problems where it is necessary to process huge quantities
of data quickly.
Cost: Several million dollars.
Speed:
60 billion instructions per second.
Size: Automobile Sized.
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Mainframe Computer
Mainframe computer is usually slower, less
Powerful and less expensive than super
Computer.
Mainframe computer can handle over hundreds
of users.
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USE OF MAINFRAME COMPUTER:
Mainframe Comupter are useful for dealing with large over
changing collection of data that are accessed by many users
Simultaneously such as banks, airlines, railways.
Cost:
Several hundred thousands dollars.
Speed:
250 million instructions per second.
Size:
Refrigerator Sized.
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Mini Computer
Mini computers are lower to mainframe
computers in terms of speed and storage
capacity. They are also less expensive than
mainframe computers. Some of the features of
mainframes will not be available in mini
computers. Hence, their performance also will
be less than that of mainframes.
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USE OF MINI COMPUTER:
Tele communications.
Cost:
25000 Dollars to Over 150,000 Dollars.
Speed:
150 million instruction per second
Size:
Filling Cabinet size.
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Micro Computer
The invention of microprocessor (single chip
CPU) gave birth to the much cheaper micro
computers. They are further classified into
• Personal Computers
• Laptop Computers
• Handheld Computers(PDAs)
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Personal Computer
They are usually easier to use and more
affordable. They are normally intended for
individual users for their word processing and
other small application Requirements.
Desktop.
Tower.
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Laptop Computer
Laptop computers are portable computers. They
are lightweight computers with a thin screen.
They are also called as notebook computers
because of their small size. They can operate on
batteries and hence are very popular with
travellers. The screen folds down onto the
keyboard when not in use
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Hand Held Handheld computers or Personal Digital
Assistants (PDAs) are pen-based and also battery-
powered. They are small and can be carried
anywhere. They use a pen like stylus and accept
handwritten input directly on the screen. They are
not as powerful as desktops or laptops but they are
used for scheduling appointments,storing addresses
and playing games. They have touch screens which
we use with a finger or a stylus.
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