The CNGS Facility: Performance and Operational Experience Edda GSCHWENDTNER, Karel CORNELIS, Ilias EFTHYMIOPOULOS, Alfredo FERRARI, Ans PARDONS, Heinz.

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The CNGS Facility Performance and

Operational Experience

Edda GSCHWENDTNER Karel CORNELIS Ilias EFTHYMIOPOULOS Alfredo FERRARI Ans PARDONS

Heinz VINCKE Joerg WENNINGERCERN 1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland

Paola SALAINFN Sez Milano Milano Italy

Alberto GUGLIELMIINFN Sez Padova Padova Italy

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

22

bull Introductionbull Layout and Main Parametersbull Operational Experience and Performancebull Summary

Outline

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

3

Neutrino Introduction m2

32hellip governs the to oscillation

Up to now only measured by disappearance of muon neutrinosbull Produce muon neutrino beam measure muon neutrino flux at near detectorbull Extrapolate muon neutrino flux to a far detectorbull Measure muon neutrino flux at far detectorbull Difference is interpreted as oscillation from muon neutrinos to undetected tau neutrinos

K2K NuMI

CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) long base-line appearance experiment

bull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy

(732km) Very convincing verification of the neutrino

oscillationCERN

Gran Sasso interaction in the target produces a lepton Identification of tau lepton by characteristic kink2 detectors in Gran Sasso bull OPERA (12kton) emulsion target detector

~146000 lead-emulsion bricksbull ICARUS (600ton) liquid argon TPC

Introduction

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

4

CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

5

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

6

CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso

Introduction

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year

(200 days nominal intensity)

221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso

3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)

2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA

CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot

Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso

500m

1000m 3000m

Run 2009 today 241019 pot

~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

7

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam

Nominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target

500kW beam power

Introduction

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

8

most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)

CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam

(500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity

bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo

bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods

thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam Tuning Interlocks

Introduction

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

9

CNGS Layout and Main Parameters

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

10

CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

11

Primary Beam Line

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

12

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

possible

bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

exit window

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

13

CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

27mm interaction length

Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

14

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

15

Decay Tube

ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

water cooled

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

16

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

bull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

Muon Monitors

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

17

Operational Experience and Performance

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

18

CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

2006

10 July-27 Oct

Beam Commissioning CERN

008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

Gran Sasso

2006-2007

ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

CERN

2007

17 Sept-20 Oct

Beam Commissioning at high intensity

CERN

008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

Gran Sasso

2007-2008

Shutdown

Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

CERN

Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

2008

18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

2009

1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

19

CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

Operational Experience

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

20

CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

178middot1019 protons on target

OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

CNGS Performance

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

21

2009 protons on target

02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

22-M

ay

29-M

ay

5-J

un

12-J

un

19-J

un

26-J

un

3-J

ul

10-J

ul

17-J

ul

24-J

ul

31-J

ul

7-A

ug

14-A

ug

21-A

ug

28-A

ug

4-S

ep

11-S

ep

18-S

ep

25-S

ep

2-O

ct

9-O

ct

16-O

ct

23-O

ct

30-O

ct

6-N

ov

13-N

ov

20-N

ov

27-N

ov

inte

gra

ted

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

2009 Protons on Target

Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

Total POT expected 2009 322E19

Total POT 2008 178E19

CNGS Performance

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

22

Error rms spread

Beam Intensity

Protons on targetextraction

x 1010

CNGS Performance

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

23

ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

23

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

24

CNGS Polarity Puzzle

bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)

270cm

1125cm

Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

CNGS Performance

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

25

CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FL

UK

A s

imu

lati

on

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

CNGS Performance

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

26

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

Excellent agreement

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P

Sal

a et

al

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ion

s 20

08

CNGS Performance

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

27

Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

Waiting for tau neutrino results

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

28

bull Additional Slides

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

29

Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

Mass states Flavor states

~

Introduction

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

30

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

31

NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

Introduction

bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

  • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
  • Slide 2
  • Neutrino Introduction
  • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
  • Slide 5
  • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
  • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
  • CNGS Challenges
  • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
  • CNGS Primary Beam Line
  • Primary Beam Line
  • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
  • CNGS Target
  • CNGS Horn and Reflector
  • Decay Tube
  • Muon Monitors
  • Operational Experience and Performance
  • CNGS Timeline
  • CNGS Radiation Issues
  • CNGS Performance
  • 2009 Protons on Target
  • Beam Intensity
  • Slide 23
  • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
  • Slide 25
  • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
  • Summary
  • Slide 28
  • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
  • CNGS Performance - Reminder
  • Neutrinos

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    22

    bull Introductionbull Layout and Main Parametersbull Operational Experience and Performancebull Summary

    Outline

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    3

    Neutrino Introduction m2

    32hellip governs the to oscillation

    Up to now only measured by disappearance of muon neutrinosbull Produce muon neutrino beam measure muon neutrino flux at near detectorbull Extrapolate muon neutrino flux to a far detectorbull Measure muon neutrino flux at far detectorbull Difference is interpreted as oscillation from muon neutrinos to undetected tau neutrinos

    K2K NuMI

    CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) long base-line appearance experiment

    bull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy

    (732km) Very convincing verification of the neutrino

    oscillationCERN

    Gran Sasso interaction in the target produces a lepton Identification of tau lepton by characteristic kink2 detectors in Gran Sasso bull OPERA (12kton) emulsion target detector

    ~146000 lead-emulsion bricksbull ICARUS (600ton) liquid argon TPC

    Introduction

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    4

    CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams

    p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

    Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos

    CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    5

    targetmagnetichorns

    decay tunnel

    hadron absorber

    muon detector 1

    muon detector 2

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    6

    CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso

    Introduction

    Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year

    (200 days nominal intensity)

    221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso

    3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)

    2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA

    CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot

    Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso

    500m

    1000m 3000m

    Run 2009 today 241019 pot

    ~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    7

    Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam

    Nominal energy [GeV] 400

    Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

    Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

    Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

    extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

    Batch length [s] 105

    of bunches per pulse 2100

    Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24

    Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

    Bunch spacing [ns] 5

    Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

    Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

    Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

    CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

    Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target

    500kW beam power

    Introduction

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    8

    most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)

    CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam

    (500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity

    bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo

    bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

    ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

    bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods

    thin windows etchellip)

    Proton beam Tuning Interlocks

    Introduction

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    9

    CNGS Layout and Main Parameters

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    10

    CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

    Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

    ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

    ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

    Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

    ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

    bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

    bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

    ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

    CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    11

    Primary Beam Line

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    12

    434m100m

    1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

    27m

    TBID

    Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

    bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

    bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

    possible

    bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

    exit window

    bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

    bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

    CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    13

    CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

    Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

    27mm interaction length

    Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

    Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    14

    CNGS Horn and Reflector

    bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

    Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

    ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

    ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

    ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

    035 m

    inner conductor

    CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    15

    Decay Tube

    ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

    surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

    water cooled

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    16

    60cm

    270cm

    1125cm

    bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

    bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

    LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

    bull N2 gas filling

    CNGS

    bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

    CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

    Muon Monitors

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    17

    Operational Experience and Performance

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    18

    CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

    2006

    10 July-27 Oct

    Beam Commissioning CERN

    008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

    Gran Sasso

    2006-2007

    ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

    CERN

    2007

    17 Sept-20 Oct

    Beam Commissioning at high intensity

    CERN

    008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

    Gran Sasso

    2007-2008

    Shutdown

    Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

    CERN

    Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

    2008

    18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

    2009

    1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    19

    CNGS Radiation Issues

    106 hcm2yr2008++

    CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

    bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

    electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

    ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

    200607

    109 hcm2yr

    Operational Experience

    p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    20

    CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

    178middot1019 protons on target

    OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

    2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

    OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

    CNGS Performance

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    21

    2009 protons on target

    02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

    12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

    2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

    3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

    22-M

    ay

    29-M

    ay

    5-J

    un

    12-J

    un

    19-J

    un

    26-J

    un

    3-J

    ul

    10-J

    ul

    17-J

    ul

    24-J

    ul

    31-J

    ul

    7-A

    ug

    14-A

    ug

    21-A

    ug

    28-A

    ug

    4-S

    ep

    11-S

    ep

    18-S

    ep

    25-S

    ep

    2-O

    ct

    9-O

    ct

    16-O

    ct

    23-O

    ct

    30-O

    ct

    6-N

    ov

    13-N

    ov

    20-N

    ov

    27-N

    ov

    inte

    gra

    ted

    pro

    ton

    s o

    n t

    arg

    et Expected protons on target

    Achieved protons on target

    2009 Protons on Target

    Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

    Total POT expected 2009 322E19

    Total POT 2008 178E19

    CNGS Performance

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    22

    Error rms spread

    Beam Intensity

    Protons on targetextraction

    x 1010

    CNGS Performance

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    23

    ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

    23

    target

    muon detectors pit 1

    muon detectors pit 2

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    24

    CNGS Polarity Puzzle

    bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

    ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

    charge)

    270cm

    1125cm

    Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

    Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

    CNGS Performance

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    25

    CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

    ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

    comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

    Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

    NeutrinoFocusing on

    positive charge

    Anti-neutrino Focusing on

    negative charge

    FL

    UK

    A s

    imu

    lati

    on

    s P

    Sal

    a et

    al 2

    008

    CNGS Performance

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    26

    Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

    Excellent agreement

    pit 1 Horizontal

    0

    005

    01

    015

    02

    025

    03

    035

    04

    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

    cm

    ch

    po

    t

    measurement

    simulation

    Horizontal Profile Pit 1

    pit 1 Vertical

    0

    005

    01

    015

    02

    025

    03

    035

    04

    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

    ch

    po

    t

    measurement

    simulation

    Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

    0

    0002

    0004

    0006

    0008

    001

    0012

    0014

    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

    cm

    ch

    po

    t

    measurement

    simulation

    Vertical Profile Pit 2

    pit 2 Horizontal

    0

    0002

    0004

    0006

    0008

    001

    0012

    0014

    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

    ch

    po

    t

    measurement

    simulation

    Horizontal Profile Pit 2

    MeasurementsSimulations

    P

    Sal

    a et

    al

    FLU

    KA

    sim

    ulat

    ion

    s 20

    08

    CNGS Performance

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    27

    Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

    of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

    ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

    ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

    Waiting for tau neutrino results

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    28

    bull Additional Slides

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    29

    Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

    If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

    m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

    m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

    sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

    Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

    Mass states Flavor states

    ~

    Introduction

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    30

    CNGS Performance - Reminder

    Examples effect on ντ cc events

    horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

    reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

    CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

    CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

    31

    NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

    bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

    Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

    bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

    bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

    bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

    Introduction

    bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

    • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
    • Slide 2
    • Neutrino Introduction
    • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
    • Slide 5
    • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
    • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
    • CNGS Challenges
    • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
    • CNGS Primary Beam Line
    • Primary Beam Line
    • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
    • CNGS Target
    • CNGS Horn and Reflector
    • Decay Tube
    • Muon Monitors
    • Operational Experience and Performance
    • CNGS Timeline
    • CNGS Radiation Issues
    • CNGS Performance
    • 2009 Protons on Target
    • Beam Intensity
    • Slide 23
    • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
    • Slide 25
    • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
    • Summary
    • Slide 28
    • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
    • CNGS Performance - Reminder
    • Neutrinos

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      3

      Neutrino Introduction m2

      32hellip governs the to oscillation

      Up to now only measured by disappearance of muon neutrinosbull Produce muon neutrino beam measure muon neutrino flux at near detectorbull Extrapolate muon neutrino flux to a far detectorbull Measure muon neutrino flux at far detectorbull Difference is interpreted as oscillation from muon neutrinos to undetected tau neutrinos

      K2K NuMI

      CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) long base-line appearance experiment

      bull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy

      (732km) Very convincing verification of the neutrino

      oscillationCERN

      Gran Sasso interaction in the target produces a lepton Identification of tau lepton by characteristic kink2 detectors in Gran Sasso bull OPERA (12kton) emulsion target detector

      ~146000 lead-emulsion bricksbull ICARUS (600ton) liquid argon TPC

      Introduction

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      4

      CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams

      p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

      Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos

      CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      5

      targetmagnetichorns

      decay tunnel

      hadron absorber

      muon detector 1

      muon detector 2

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      6

      CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso

      Introduction

      Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year

      (200 days nominal intensity)

      221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso

      3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)

      2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA

      CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot

      Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso

      500m

      1000m 3000m

      Run 2009 today 241019 pot

      ~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      7

      Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam

      Nominal energy [GeV] 400

      Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

      Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

      Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

      extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

      Batch length [s] 105

      of bunches per pulse 2100

      Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24

      Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

      Bunch spacing [ns] 5

      Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

      Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

      Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

      CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

      Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target

      500kW beam power

      Introduction

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      8

      most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)

      CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam

      (500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity

      bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo

      bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

      ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

      bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods

      thin windows etchellip)

      Proton beam Tuning Interlocks

      Introduction

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      9

      CNGS Layout and Main Parameters

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      10

      CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

      Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

      ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

      ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

      Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

      ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

      bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

      bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

      ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

      CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      11

      Primary Beam Line

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      12

      434m100m

      1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

      27m

      TBID

      Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

      bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

      bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

      possible

      bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

      exit window

      bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

      bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

      CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      13

      CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

      Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

      27mm interaction length

      Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

      Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      14

      CNGS Horn and Reflector

      bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

      Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

      ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

      ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

      ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

      035 m

      inner conductor

      CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      15

      Decay Tube

      ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

      surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

      water cooled

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      16

      60cm

      270cm

      1125cm

      bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

      bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

      LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

      bull N2 gas filling

      CNGS

      bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

      CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

      Muon Monitors

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      17

      Operational Experience and Performance

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      18

      CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

      2006

      10 July-27 Oct

      Beam Commissioning CERN

      008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

      Gran Sasso

      2006-2007

      ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

      CERN

      2007

      17 Sept-20 Oct

      Beam Commissioning at high intensity

      CERN

      008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

      Gran Sasso

      2007-2008

      Shutdown

      Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

      CERN

      Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

      2008

      18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

      2009

      1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      19

      CNGS Radiation Issues

      106 hcm2yr2008++

      CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

      bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

      electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

      ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

      200607

      109 hcm2yr

      Operational Experience

      p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      20

      CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

      178middot1019 protons on target

      OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

      2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

      OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

      CNGS Performance

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      21

      2009 protons on target

      02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

      12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

      2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

      3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

      22-M

      ay

      29-M

      ay

      5-J

      un

      12-J

      un

      19-J

      un

      26-J

      un

      3-J

      ul

      10-J

      ul

      17-J

      ul

      24-J

      ul

      31-J

      ul

      7-A

      ug

      14-A

      ug

      21-A

      ug

      28-A

      ug

      4-S

      ep

      11-S

      ep

      18-S

      ep

      25-S

      ep

      2-O

      ct

      9-O

      ct

      16-O

      ct

      23-O

      ct

      30-O

      ct

      6-N

      ov

      13-N

      ov

      20-N

      ov

      27-N

      ov

      inte

      gra

      ted

      pro

      ton

      s o

      n t

      arg

      et Expected protons on target

      Achieved protons on target

      2009 Protons on Target

      Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

      Total POT expected 2009 322E19

      Total POT 2008 178E19

      CNGS Performance

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      22

      Error rms spread

      Beam Intensity

      Protons on targetextraction

      x 1010

      CNGS Performance

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      23

      ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

      23

      target

      muon detectors pit 1

      muon detectors pit 2

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      24

      CNGS Polarity Puzzle

      bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

      ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

      charge)

      270cm

      1125cm

      Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

      Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

      CNGS Performance

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      25

      CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

      ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

      comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

      Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

      NeutrinoFocusing on

      positive charge

      Anti-neutrino Focusing on

      negative charge

      FL

      UK

      A s

      imu

      lati

      on

      s P

      Sal

      a et

      al 2

      008

      CNGS Performance

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      26

      Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

      Excellent agreement

      pit 1 Horizontal

      0

      005

      01

      015

      02

      025

      03

      035

      04

      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

      cm

      ch

      po

      t

      measurement

      simulation

      Horizontal Profile Pit 1

      pit 1 Vertical

      0

      005

      01

      015

      02

      025

      03

      035

      04

      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

      ch

      po

      t

      measurement

      simulation

      Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

      0

      0002

      0004

      0006

      0008

      001

      0012

      0014

      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

      cm

      ch

      po

      t

      measurement

      simulation

      Vertical Profile Pit 2

      pit 2 Horizontal

      0

      0002

      0004

      0006

      0008

      001

      0012

      0014

      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

      ch

      po

      t

      measurement

      simulation

      Horizontal Profile Pit 2

      MeasurementsSimulations

      P

      Sal

      a et

      al

      FLU

      KA

      sim

      ulat

      ion

      s 20

      08

      CNGS Performance

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      27

      Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

      of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

      ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

      ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

      Waiting for tau neutrino results

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      28

      bull Additional Slides

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      29

      Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

      If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

      m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

      m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

      sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

      Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

      Mass states Flavor states

      ~

      Introduction

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      30

      CNGS Performance - Reminder

      Examples effect on ντ cc events

      horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

      reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

      CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

      CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

      31

      NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

      bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

      Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

      bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

      bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

      bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

      Introduction

      bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

      • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
      • Slide 2
      • Neutrino Introduction
      • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
      • Slide 5
      • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
      • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
      • CNGS Challenges
      • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
      • CNGS Primary Beam Line
      • Primary Beam Line
      • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
      • CNGS Target
      • CNGS Horn and Reflector
      • Decay Tube
      • Muon Monitors
      • Operational Experience and Performance
      • CNGS Timeline
      • CNGS Radiation Issues
      • CNGS Performance
      • 2009 Protons on Target
      • Beam Intensity
      • Slide 23
      • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
      • Slide 25
      • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
      • Summary
      • Slide 28
      • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
      • CNGS Performance - Reminder
      • Neutrinos

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        4

        CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams

        p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

        Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos

        CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        5

        targetmagnetichorns

        decay tunnel

        hadron absorber

        muon detector 1

        muon detector 2

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        6

        CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso

        Introduction

        Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year

        (200 days nominal intensity)

        221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso

        3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)

        2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA

        CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot

        Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso

        500m

        1000m 3000m

        Run 2009 today 241019 pot

        ~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        7

        Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam

        Nominal energy [GeV] 400

        Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

        Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

        Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

        extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

        Batch length [s] 105

        of bunches per pulse 2100

        Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24

        Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

        Bunch spacing [ns] 5

        Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

        Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

        Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

        CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

        Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target

        500kW beam power

        Introduction

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        8

        most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)

        CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam

        (500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity

        bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo

        bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

        ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

        bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods

        thin windows etchellip)

        Proton beam Tuning Interlocks

        Introduction

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        9

        CNGS Layout and Main Parameters

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        10

        CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

        Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

        ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

        ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

        Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

        ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

        bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

        bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

        ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

        CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        11

        Primary Beam Line

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        12

        434m100m

        1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

        27m

        TBID

        Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

        bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

        bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

        possible

        bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

        exit window

        bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

        bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

        CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        13

        CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

        Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

        27mm interaction length

        Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

        Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        14

        CNGS Horn and Reflector

        bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

        Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

        ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

        ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

        ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

        035 m

        inner conductor

        CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        15

        Decay Tube

        ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

        surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

        water cooled

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        16

        60cm

        270cm

        1125cm

        bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

        bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

        LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

        bull N2 gas filling

        CNGS

        bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

        CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

        Muon Monitors

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        17

        Operational Experience and Performance

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        18

        CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

        2006

        10 July-27 Oct

        Beam Commissioning CERN

        008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

        Gran Sasso

        2006-2007

        ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

        CERN

        2007

        17 Sept-20 Oct

        Beam Commissioning at high intensity

        CERN

        008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

        Gran Sasso

        2007-2008

        Shutdown

        Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

        CERN

        Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

        2008

        18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

        2009

        1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        19

        CNGS Radiation Issues

        106 hcm2yr2008++

        CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

        bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

        electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

        ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

        200607

        109 hcm2yr

        Operational Experience

        p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        20

        CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

        178middot1019 protons on target

        OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

        2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

        OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

        CNGS Performance

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        21

        2009 protons on target

        02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

        12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

        2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

        3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

        22-M

        ay

        29-M

        ay

        5-J

        un

        12-J

        un

        19-J

        un

        26-J

        un

        3-J

        ul

        10-J

        ul

        17-J

        ul

        24-J

        ul

        31-J

        ul

        7-A

        ug

        14-A

        ug

        21-A

        ug

        28-A

        ug

        4-S

        ep

        11-S

        ep

        18-S

        ep

        25-S

        ep

        2-O

        ct

        9-O

        ct

        16-O

        ct

        23-O

        ct

        30-O

        ct

        6-N

        ov

        13-N

        ov

        20-N

        ov

        27-N

        ov

        inte

        gra

        ted

        pro

        ton

        s o

        n t

        arg

        et Expected protons on target

        Achieved protons on target

        2009 Protons on Target

        Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

        Total POT expected 2009 322E19

        Total POT 2008 178E19

        CNGS Performance

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        22

        Error rms spread

        Beam Intensity

        Protons on targetextraction

        x 1010

        CNGS Performance

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        23

        ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

        23

        target

        muon detectors pit 1

        muon detectors pit 2

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        24

        CNGS Polarity Puzzle

        bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

        ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

        charge)

        270cm

        1125cm

        Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

        Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

        CNGS Performance

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        25

        CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

        ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

        comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

        Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

        NeutrinoFocusing on

        positive charge

        Anti-neutrino Focusing on

        negative charge

        FL

        UK

        A s

        imu

        lati

        on

        s P

        Sal

        a et

        al 2

        008

        CNGS Performance

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        26

        Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

        Excellent agreement

        pit 1 Horizontal

        0

        005

        01

        015

        02

        025

        03

        035

        04

        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

        cm

        ch

        po

        t

        measurement

        simulation

        Horizontal Profile Pit 1

        pit 1 Vertical

        0

        005

        01

        015

        02

        025

        03

        035

        04

        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

        ch

        po

        t

        measurement

        simulation

        Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

        0

        0002

        0004

        0006

        0008

        001

        0012

        0014

        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

        cm

        ch

        po

        t

        measurement

        simulation

        Vertical Profile Pit 2

        pit 2 Horizontal

        0

        0002

        0004

        0006

        0008

        001

        0012

        0014

        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

        ch

        po

        t

        measurement

        simulation

        Horizontal Profile Pit 2

        MeasurementsSimulations

        P

        Sal

        a et

        al

        FLU

        KA

        sim

        ulat

        ion

        s 20

        08

        CNGS Performance

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        27

        Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

        of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

        ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

        ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

        Waiting for tau neutrino results

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        28

        bull Additional Slides

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        29

        Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

        If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

        m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

        m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

        sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

        Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

        Mass states Flavor states

        ~

        Introduction

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        30

        CNGS Performance - Reminder

        Examples effect on ντ cc events

        horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

        reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

        CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

        CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

        31

        NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

        bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

        Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

        bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

        bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

        bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

        Introduction

        bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

        • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
        • Slide 2
        • Neutrino Introduction
        • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
        • Slide 5
        • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
        • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
        • CNGS Challenges
        • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
        • CNGS Primary Beam Line
        • Primary Beam Line
        • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
        • CNGS Target
        • CNGS Horn and Reflector
        • Decay Tube
        • Muon Monitors
        • Operational Experience and Performance
        • CNGS Timeline
        • CNGS Radiation Issues
        • CNGS Performance
        • 2009 Protons on Target
        • Beam Intensity
        • Slide 23
        • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
        • Slide 25
        • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
        • Summary
        • Slide 28
        • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
        • CNGS Performance - Reminder
        • Neutrinos

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          5

          targetmagnetichorns

          decay tunnel

          hadron absorber

          muon detector 1

          muon detector 2

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          6

          CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso

          Introduction

          Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year

          (200 days nominal intensity)

          221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso

          3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)

          2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA

          CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot

          Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso

          500m

          1000m 3000m

          Run 2009 today 241019 pot

          ~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          7

          Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam

          Nominal energy [GeV] 400

          Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

          Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

          Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

          extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

          Batch length [s] 105

          of bunches per pulse 2100

          Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24

          Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

          Bunch spacing [ns] 5

          Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

          Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

          Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

          CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

          Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target

          500kW beam power

          Introduction

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          8

          most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)

          CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam

          (500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity

          bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo

          bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

          ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

          bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods

          thin windows etchellip)

          Proton beam Tuning Interlocks

          Introduction

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          9

          CNGS Layout and Main Parameters

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          10

          CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

          Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

          ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

          ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

          Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

          ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

          bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

          bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

          ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

          CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          11

          Primary Beam Line

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          12

          434m100m

          1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

          27m

          TBID

          Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

          bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

          bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

          possible

          bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

          exit window

          bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

          bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

          CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          13

          CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

          Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

          27mm interaction length

          Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

          Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          14

          CNGS Horn and Reflector

          bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

          Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

          ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

          ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

          ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

          035 m

          inner conductor

          CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          15

          Decay Tube

          ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

          surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

          water cooled

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          16

          60cm

          270cm

          1125cm

          bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

          bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

          LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

          bull N2 gas filling

          CNGS

          bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

          CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

          Muon Monitors

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          17

          Operational Experience and Performance

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          18

          CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

          2006

          10 July-27 Oct

          Beam Commissioning CERN

          008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

          Gran Sasso

          2006-2007

          ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

          CERN

          2007

          17 Sept-20 Oct

          Beam Commissioning at high intensity

          CERN

          008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

          Gran Sasso

          2007-2008

          Shutdown

          Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

          CERN

          Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

          2008

          18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

          2009

          1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          19

          CNGS Radiation Issues

          106 hcm2yr2008++

          CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

          bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

          electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

          ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

          200607

          109 hcm2yr

          Operational Experience

          p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          20

          CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

          178middot1019 protons on target

          OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

          2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

          OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

          CNGS Performance

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          21

          2009 protons on target

          02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

          12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

          2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

          3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

          22-M

          ay

          29-M

          ay

          5-J

          un

          12-J

          un

          19-J

          un

          26-J

          un

          3-J

          ul

          10-J

          ul

          17-J

          ul

          24-J

          ul

          31-J

          ul

          7-A

          ug

          14-A

          ug

          21-A

          ug

          28-A

          ug

          4-S

          ep

          11-S

          ep

          18-S

          ep

          25-S

          ep

          2-O

          ct

          9-O

          ct

          16-O

          ct

          23-O

          ct

          30-O

          ct

          6-N

          ov

          13-N

          ov

          20-N

          ov

          27-N

          ov

          inte

          gra

          ted

          pro

          ton

          s o

          n t

          arg

          et Expected protons on target

          Achieved protons on target

          2009 Protons on Target

          Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

          Total POT expected 2009 322E19

          Total POT 2008 178E19

          CNGS Performance

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          22

          Error rms spread

          Beam Intensity

          Protons on targetextraction

          x 1010

          CNGS Performance

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          23

          ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

          23

          target

          muon detectors pit 1

          muon detectors pit 2

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          24

          CNGS Polarity Puzzle

          bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

          ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

          charge)

          270cm

          1125cm

          Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

          Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

          CNGS Performance

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          25

          CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

          ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

          comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

          Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

          NeutrinoFocusing on

          positive charge

          Anti-neutrino Focusing on

          negative charge

          FL

          UK

          A s

          imu

          lati

          on

          s P

          Sal

          a et

          al 2

          008

          CNGS Performance

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          26

          Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

          Excellent agreement

          pit 1 Horizontal

          0

          005

          01

          015

          02

          025

          03

          035

          04

          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

          cm

          ch

          po

          t

          measurement

          simulation

          Horizontal Profile Pit 1

          pit 1 Vertical

          0

          005

          01

          015

          02

          025

          03

          035

          04

          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

          ch

          po

          t

          measurement

          simulation

          Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

          0

          0002

          0004

          0006

          0008

          001

          0012

          0014

          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

          cm

          ch

          po

          t

          measurement

          simulation

          Vertical Profile Pit 2

          pit 2 Horizontal

          0

          0002

          0004

          0006

          0008

          001

          0012

          0014

          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

          ch

          po

          t

          measurement

          simulation

          Horizontal Profile Pit 2

          MeasurementsSimulations

          P

          Sal

          a et

          al

          FLU

          KA

          sim

          ulat

          ion

          s 20

          08

          CNGS Performance

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          27

          Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

          of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

          ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

          ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

          Waiting for tau neutrino results

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          28

          bull Additional Slides

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          29

          Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

          If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

          m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

          m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

          sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

          Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

          Mass states Flavor states

          ~

          Introduction

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          30

          CNGS Performance - Reminder

          Examples effect on ντ cc events

          horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

          reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

          CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

          CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

          31

          NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

          bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

          Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

          bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

          bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

          bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

          Introduction

          bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

          • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
          • Slide 2
          • Neutrino Introduction
          • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
          • Slide 5
          • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
          • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
          • CNGS Challenges
          • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
          • CNGS Primary Beam Line
          • Primary Beam Line
          • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
          • CNGS Target
          • CNGS Horn and Reflector
          • Decay Tube
          • Muon Monitors
          • Operational Experience and Performance
          • CNGS Timeline
          • CNGS Radiation Issues
          • CNGS Performance
          • 2009 Protons on Target
          • Beam Intensity
          • Slide 23
          • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
          • Slide 25
          • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
          • Summary
          • Slide 28
          • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
          • CNGS Performance - Reminder
          • Neutrinos

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            6

            CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso

            Introduction

            Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year

            (200 days nominal intensity)

            221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso

            3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)

            2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA

            CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot

            Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso

            500m

            1000m 3000m

            Run 2009 today 241019 pot

            ~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            7

            Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam

            Nominal energy [GeV] 400

            Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

            Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

            Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

            extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

            Batch length [s] 105

            of bunches per pulse 2100

            Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24

            Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

            Bunch spacing [ns] 5

            Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

            Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

            Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

            CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

            Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target

            500kW beam power

            Introduction

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            8

            most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)

            CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam

            (500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity

            bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo

            bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

            ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

            bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods

            thin windows etchellip)

            Proton beam Tuning Interlocks

            Introduction

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            9

            CNGS Layout and Main Parameters

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            10

            CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

            Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

            ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

            ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

            Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

            ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

            bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

            bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

            ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

            CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            11

            Primary Beam Line

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            12

            434m100m

            1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

            27m

            TBID

            Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

            bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

            bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

            possible

            bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

            exit window

            bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

            bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

            CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            13

            CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

            Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

            27mm interaction length

            Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

            Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            14

            CNGS Horn and Reflector

            bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

            Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

            ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

            ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

            ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

            035 m

            inner conductor

            CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            15

            Decay Tube

            ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

            surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

            water cooled

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            16

            60cm

            270cm

            1125cm

            bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

            bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

            LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

            bull N2 gas filling

            CNGS

            bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

            CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

            Muon Monitors

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            17

            Operational Experience and Performance

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            18

            CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

            2006

            10 July-27 Oct

            Beam Commissioning CERN

            008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

            Gran Sasso

            2006-2007

            ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

            CERN

            2007

            17 Sept-20 Oct

            Beam Commissioning at high intensity

            CERN

            008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

            Gran Sasso

            2007-2008

            Shutdown

            Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

            CERN

            Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

            2008

            18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

            2009

            1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            19

            CNGS Radiation Issues

            106 hcm2yr2008++

            CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

            bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

            electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

            ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

            200607

            109 hcm2yr

            Operational Experience

            p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            20

            CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

            178middot1019 protons on target

            OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

            2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

            OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

            CNGS Performance

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            21

            2009 protons on target

            02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

            12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

            2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

            3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

            22-M

            ay

            29-M

            ay

            5-J

            un

            12-J

            un

            19-J

            un

            26-J

            un

            3-J

            ul

            10-J

            ul

            17-J

            ul

            24-J

            ul

            31-J

            ul

            7-A

            ug

            14-A

            ug

            21-A

            ug

            28-A

            ug

            4-S

            ep

            11-S

            ep

            18-S

            ep

            25-S

            ep

            2-O

            ct

            9-O

            ct

            16-O

            ct

            23-O

            ct

            30-O

            ct

            6-N

            ov

            13-N

            ov

            20-N

            ov

            27-N

            ov

            inte

            gra

            ted

            pro

            ton

            s o

            n t

            arg

            et Expected protons on target

            Achieved protons on target

            2009 Protons on Target

            Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

            Total POT expected 2009 322E19

            Total POT 2008 178E19

            CNGS Performance

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            22

            Error rms spread

            Beam Intensity

            Protons on targetextraction

            x 1010

            CNGS Performance

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            23

            ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

            23

            target

            muon detectors pit 1

            muon detectors pit 2

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            24

            CNGS Polarity Puzzle

            bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

            ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

            charge)

            270cm

            1125cm

            Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

            Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

            CNGS Performance

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            25

            CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

            ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

            comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

            Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

            NeutrinoFocusing on

            positive charge

            Anti-neutrino Focusing on

            negative charge

            FL

            UK

            A s

            imu

            lati

            on

            s P

            Sal

            a et

            al 2

            008

            CNGS Performance

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            26

            Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

            Excellent agreement

            pit 1 Horizontal

            0

            005

            01

            015

            02

            025

            03

            035

            04

            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

            cm

            ch

            po

            t

            measurement

            simulation

            Horizontal Profile Pit 1

            pit 1 Vertical

            0

            005

            01

            015

            02

            025

            03

            035

            04

            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

            ch

            po

            t

            measurement

            simulation

            Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

            0

            0002

            0004

            0006

            0008

            001

            0012

            0014

            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

            cm

            ch

            po

            t

            measurement

            simulation

            Vertical Profile Pit 2

            pit 2 Horizontal

            0

            0002

            0004

            0006

            0008

            001

            0012

            0014

            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

            ch

            po

            t

            measurement

            simulation

            Horizontal Profile Pit 2

            MeasurementsSimulations

            P

            Sal

            a et

            al

            FLU

            KA

            sim

            ulat

            ion

            s 20

            08

            CNGS Performance

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            27

            Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

            of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

            ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

            ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

            Waiting for tau neutrino results

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            28

            bull Additional Slides

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            29

            Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

            If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

            m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

            m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

            sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

            Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

            Mass states Flavor states

            ~

            Introduction

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            30

            CNGS Performance - Reminder

            Examples effect on ντ cc events

            horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

            reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

            CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

            CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

            31

            NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

            bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

            Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

            bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

            bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

            bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

            Introduction

            bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

            • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
            • Slide 2
            • Neutrino Introduction
            • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
            • Slide 5
            • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
            • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
            • CNGS Challenges
            • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
            • CNGS Primary Beam Line
            • Primary Beam Line
            • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
            • CNGS Target
            • CNGS Horn and Reflector
            • Decay Tube
            • Muon Monitors
            • Operational Experience and Performance
            • CNGS Timeline
            • CNGS Radiation Issues
            • CNGS Performance
            • 2009 Protons on Target
            • Beam Intensity
            • Slide 23
            • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
            • Slide 25
            • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
            • Summary
            • Slide 28
            • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
            • CNGS Performance - Reminder
            • Neutrinos

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              7

              Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam

              Nominal energy [GeV] 400

              Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

              Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

              Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

              extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

              Batch length [s] 105

              of bunches per pulse 2100

              Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24

              Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

              Bunch spacing [ns] 5

              Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

              Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

              Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

              CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

              Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target

              500kW beam power

              Introduction

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              8

              most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)

              CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam

              (500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity

              bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo

              bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

              ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

              bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods

              thin windows etchellip)

              Proton beam Tuning Interlocks

              Introduction

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              9

              CNGS Layout and Main Parameters

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              10

              CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

              Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

              ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

              ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

              Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

              ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

              bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

              bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

              ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

              CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              11

              Primary Beam Line

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              12

              434m100m

              1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

              27m

              TBID

              Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

              bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

              bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

              possible

              bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

              exit window

              bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

              bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

              CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              13

              CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

              Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

              27mm interaction length

              Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

              Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              14

              CNGS Horn and Reflector

              bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

              Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

              ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

              ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

              ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

              035 m

              inner conductor

              CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              15

              Decay Tube

              ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

              surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

              water cooled

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              16

              60cm

              270cm

              1125cm

              bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

              bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

              LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

              bull N2 gas filling

              CNGS

              bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

              CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

              Muon Monitors

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              17

              Operational Experience and Performance

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              18

              CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

              2006

              10 July-27 Oct

              Beam Commissioning CERN

              008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

              Gran Sasso

              2006-2007

              ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

              CERN

              2007

              17 Sept-20 Oct

              Beam Commissioning at high intensity

              CERN

              008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

              Gran Sasso

              2007-2008

              Shutdown

              Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

              CERN

              Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

              2008

              18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

              2009

              1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              19

              CNGS Radiation Issues

              106 hcm2yr2008++

              CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

              bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

              electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

              ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

              200607

              109 hcm2yr

              Operational Experience

              p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              20

              CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

              178middot1019 protons on target

              OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

              2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

              OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

              CNGS Performance

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              21

              2009 protons on target

              02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

              12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

              2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

              3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

              22-M

              ay

              29-M

              ay

              5-J

              un

              12-J

              un

              19-J

              un

              26-J

              un

              3-J

              ul

              10-J

              ul

              17-J

              ul

              24-J

              ul

              31-J

              ul

              7-A

              ug

              14-A

              ug

              21-A

              ug

              28-A

              ug

              4-S

              ep

              11-S

              ep

              18-S

              ep

              25-S

              ep

              2-O

              ct

              9-O

              ct

              16-O

              ct

              23-O

              ct

              30-O

              ct

              6-N

              ov

              13-N

              ov

              20-N

              ov

              27-N

              ov

              inte

              gra

              ted

              pro

              ton

              s o

              n t

              arg

              et Expected protons on target

              Achieved protons on target

              2009 Protons on Target

              Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

              Total POT expected 2009 322E19

              Total POT 2008 178E19

              CNGS Performance

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              22

              Error rms spread

              Beam Intensity

              Protons on targetextraction

              x 1010

              CNGS Performance

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              23

              ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

              23

              target

              muon detectors pit 1

              muon detectors pit 2

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              24

              CNGS Polarity Puzzle

              bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

              ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

              charge)

              270cm

              1125cm

              Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

              Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

              CNGS Performance

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              25

              CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

              ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

              comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

              Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

              NeutrinoFocusing on

              positive charge

              Anti-neutrino Focusing on

              negative charge

              FL

              UK

              A s

              imu

              lati

              on

              s P

              Sal

              a et

              al 2

              008

              CNGS Performance

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              26

              Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

              Excellent agreement

              pit 1 Horizontal

              0

              005

              01

              015

              02

              025

              03

              035

              04

              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

              cm

              ch

              po

              t

              measurement

              simulation

              Horizontal Profile Pit 1

              pit 1 Vertical

              0

              005

              01

              015

              02

              025

              03

              035

              04

              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

              ch

              po

              t

              measurement

              simulation

              Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

              0

              0002

              0004

              0006

              0008

              001

              0012

              0014

              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

              cm

              ch

              po

              t

              measurement

              simulation

              Vertical Profile Pit 2

              pit 2 Horizontal

              0

              0002

              0004

              0006

              0008

              001

              0012

              0014

              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

              ch

              po

              t

              measurement

              simulation

              Horizontal Profile Pit 2

              MeasurementsSimulations

              P

              Sal

              a et

              al

              FLU

              KA

              sim

              ulat

              ion

              s 20

              08

              CNGS Performance

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              27

              Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

              of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

              ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

              ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

              Waiting for tau neutrino results

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              28

              bull Additional Slides

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              29

              Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

              If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

              m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

              m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

              sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

              Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

              Mass states Flavor states

              ~

              Introduction

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              30

              CNGS Performance - Reminder

              Examples effect on ντ cc events

              horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

              reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

              CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

              CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

              31

              NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

              bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

              Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

              bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

              bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

              bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

              Introduction

              bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

              • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
              • Slide 2
              • Neutrino Introduction
              • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
              • Slide 5
              • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
              • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
              • CNGS Challenges
              • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
              • CNGS Primary Beam Line
              • Primary Beam Line
              • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
              • CNGS Target
              • CNGS Horn and Reflector
              • Decay Tube
              • Muon Monitors
              • Operational Experience and Performance
              • CNGS Timeline
              • CNGS Radiation Issues
              • CNGS Performance
              • 2009 Protons on Target
              • Beam Intensity
              • Slide 23
              • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
              • Slide 25
              • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
              • Summary
              • Slide 28
              • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
              • CNGS Performance - Reminder
              • Neutrinos

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                8

                most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)

                CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam

                (500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity

                bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo

                bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

                ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

                bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods

                thin windows etchellip)

                Proton beam Tuning Interlocks

                Introduction

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                9

                CNGS Layout and Main Parameters

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                10

                CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

                Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

                ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

                ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

                Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

                ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

                bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

                bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

                ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

                CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                11

                Primary Beam Line

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                12

                434m100m

                1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

                27m

                TBID

                Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

                bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

                bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

                possible

                bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

                exit window

                bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

                bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

                CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                13

                CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

                Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

                27mm interaction length

                Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

                Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                14

                CNGS Horn and Reflector

                bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

                Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

                ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

                ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

                ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

                035 m

                inner conductor

                CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                15

                Decay Tube

                ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

                surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

                water cooled

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                16

                60cm

                270cm

                1125cm

                bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

                bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

                LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

                bull N2 gas filling

                CNGS

                bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

                CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                Muon Monitors

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                17

                Operational Experience and Performance

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                18

                CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

                2006

                10 July-27 Oct

                Beam Commissioning CERN

                008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

                Gran Sasso

                2006-2007

                ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

                CERN

                2007

                17 Sept-20 Oct

                Beam Commissioning at high intensity

                CERN

                008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

                Gran Sasso

                2007-2008

                Shutdown

                Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

                CERN

                Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

                2008

                18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

                2009

                1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                19

                CNGS Radiation Issues

                106 hcm2yr2008++

                CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                200607

                109 hcm2yr

                Operational Experience

                p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                20

                CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                178middot1019 protons on target

                OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                CNGS Performance

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                21

                2009 protons on target

                02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                22-M

                ay

                29-M

                ay

                5-J

                un

                12-J

                un

                19-J

                un

                26-J

                un

                3-J

                ul

                10-J

                ul

                17-J

                ul

                24-J

                ul

                31-J

                ul

                7-A

                ug

                14-A

                ug

                21-A

                ug

                28-A

                ug

                4-S

                ep

                11-S

                ep

                18-S

                ep

                25-S

                ep

                2-O

                ct

                9-O

                ct

                16-O

                ct

                23-O

                ct

                30-O

                ct

                6-N

                ov

                13-N

                ov

                20-N

                ov

                27-N

                ov

                inte

                gra

                ted

                pro

                ton

                s o

                n t

                arg

                et Expected protons on target

                Achieved protons on target

                2009 Protons on Target

                Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                Total POT 2008 178E19

                CNGS Performance

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                22

                Error rms spread

                Beam Intensity

                Protons on targetextraction

                x 1010

                CNGS Performance

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                23

                ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                23

                target

                muon detectors pit 1

                muon detectors pit 2

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                24

                CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                charge)

                270cm

                1125cm

                Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                CNGS Performance

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                25

                CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                NeutrinoFocusing on

                positive charge

                Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                negative charge

                FL

                UK

                A s

                imu

                lati

                on

                s P

                Sal

                a et

                al 2

                008

                CNGS Performance

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                26

                Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                Excellent agreement

                pit 1 Horizontal

                0

                005

                01

                015

                02

                025

                03

                035

                04

                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                cm

                ch

                po

                t

                measurement

                simulation

                Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                pit 1 Vertical

                0

                005

                01

                015

                02

                025

                03

                035

                04

                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                ch

                po

                t

                measurement

                simulation

                Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                0

                0002

                0004

                0006

                0008

                001

                0012

                0014

                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                cm

                ch

                po

                t

                measurement

                simulation

                Vertical Profile Pit 2

                pit 2 Horizontal

                0

                0002

                0004

                0006

                0008

                001

                0012

                0014

                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                ch

                po

                t

                measurement

                simulation

                Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                MeasurementsSimulations

                P

                Sal

                a et

                al

                FLU

                KA

                sim

                ulat

                ion

                s 20

                08

                CNGS Performance

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                27

                Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                Waiting for tau neutrino results

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                28

                bull Additional Slides

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                29

                Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                Mass states Flavor states

                ~

                Introduction

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                30

                CNGS Performance - Reminder

                Examples effect on ντ cc events

                horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                31

                NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                Introduction

                bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                • Slide 2
                • Neutrino Introduction
                • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                • Slide 5
                • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                • CNGS Challenges
                • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                • Primary Beam Line
                • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                • CNGS Target
                • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                • Decay Tube
                • Muon Monitors
                • Operational Experience and Performance
                • CNGS Timeline
                • CNGS Radiation Issues
                • CNGS Performance
                • 2009 Protons on Target
                • Beam Intensity
                • Slide 23
                • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                • Slide 25
                • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                • Summary
                • Slide 28
                • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                • Neutrinos

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  9

                  CNGS Layout and Main Parameters

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  10

                  CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

                  Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

                  ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

                  ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

                  Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

                  ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

                  bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

                  bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

                  ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

                  CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  11

                  Primary Beam Line

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  12

                  434m100m

                  1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

                  27m

                  TBID

                  Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

                  bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

                  bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

                  possible

                  bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

                  exit window

                  bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

                  bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

                  CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  13

                  CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

                  Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

                  27mm interaction length

                  Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

                  Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  14

                  CNGS Horn and Reflector

                  bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

                  Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

                  ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

                  ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

                  ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

                  035 m

                  inner conductor

                  CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  15

                  Decay Tube

                  ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

                  surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

                  water cooled

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  16

                  60cm

                  270cm

                  1125cm

                  bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

                  bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

                  LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

                  bull N2 gas filling

                  CNGS

                  bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

                  CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                  Muon Monitors

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  17

                  Operational Experience and Performance

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  18

                  CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

                  2006

                  10 July-27 Oct

                  Beam Commissioning CERN

                  008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

                  Gran Sasso

                  2006-2007

                  ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

                  CERN

                  2007

                  17 Sept-20 Oct

                  Beam Commissioning at high intensity

                  CERN

                  008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

                  Gran Sasso

                  2007-2008

                  Shutdown

                  Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

                  CERN

                  Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

                  2008

                  18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

                  2009

                  1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  19

                  CNGS Radiation Issues

                  106 hcm2yr2008++

                  CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                  bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                  electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                  ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                  200607

                  109 hcm2yr

                  Operational Experience

                  p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  20

                  CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                  178middot1019 protons on target

                  OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                  2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                  OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                  CNGS Performance

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  21

                  2009 protons on target

                  02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                  12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                  2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                  3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                  22-M

                  ay

                  29-M

                  ay

                  5-J

                  un

                  12-J

                  un

                  19-J

                  un

                  26-J

                  un

                  3-J

                  ul

                  10-J

                  ul

                  17-J

                  ul

                  24-J

                  ul

                  31-J

                  ul

                  7-A

                  ug

                  14-A

                  ug

                  21-A

                  ug

                  28-A

                  ug

                  4-S

                  ep

                  11-S

                  ep

                  18-S

                  ep

                  25-S

                  ep

                  2-O

                  ct

                  9-O

                  ct

                  16-O

                  ct

                  23-O

                  ct

                  30-O

                  ct

                  6-N

                  ov

                  13-N

                  ov

                  20-N

                  ov

                  27-N

                  ov

                  inte

                  gra

                  ted

                  pro

                  ton

                  s o

                  n t

                  arg

                  et Expected protons on target

                  Achieved protons on target

                  2009 Protons on Target

                  Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                  Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                  Total POT 2008 178E19

                  CNGS Performance

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  22

                  Error rms spread

                  Beam Intensity

                  Protons on targetextraction

                  x 1010

                  CNGS Performance

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  23

                  ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                  23

                  target

                  muon detectors pit 1

                  muon detectors pit 2

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  24

                  CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                  bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                  ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                  charge)

                  270cm

                  1125cm

                  Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                  Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                  CNGS Performance

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  25

                  CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                  ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                  comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                  Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                  NeutrinoFocusing on

                  positive charge

                  Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                  negative charge

                  FL

                  UK

                  A s

                  imu

                  lati

                  on

                  s P

                  Sal

                  a et

                  al 2

                  008

                  CNGS Performance

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  26

                  Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                  Excellent agreement

                  pit 1 Horizontal

                  0

                  005

                  01

                  015

                  02

                  025

                  03

                  035

                  04

                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                  cm

                  ch

                  po

                  t

                  measurement

                  simulation

                  Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                  pit 1 Vertical

                  0

                  005

                  01

                  015

                  02

                  025

                  03

                  035

                  04

                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                  ch

                  po

                  t

                  measurement

                  simulation

                  Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                  0

                  0002

                  0004

                  0006

                  0008

                  001

                  0012

                  0014

                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                  cm

                  ch

                  po

                  t

                  measurement

                  simulation

                  Vertical Profile Pit 2

                  pit 2 Horizontal

                  0

                  0002

                  0004

                  0006

                  0008

                  001

                  0012

                  0014

                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                  ch

                  po

                  t

                  measurement

                  simulation

                  Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                  MeasurementsSimulations

                  P

                  Sal

                  a et

                  al

                  FLU

                  KA

                  sim

                  ulat

                  ion

                  s 20

                  08

                  CNGS Performance

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  27

                  Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                  of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                  ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                  ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                  Waiting for tau neutrino results

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  28

                  bull Additional Slides

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  29

                  Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                  If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                  m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                  m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                  sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                  Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                  Mass states Flavor states

                  ~

                  Introduction

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  30

                  CNGS Performance - Reminder

                  Examples effect on ντ cc events

                  horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                  reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                  CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                  CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                  31

                  NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                  bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                  Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                  bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                  bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                  bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                  Introduction

                  bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                  • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                  • Slide 2
                  • Neutrino Introduction
                  • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                  • Slide 5
                  • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                  • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                  • CNGS Challenges
                  • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                  • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                  • Primary Beam Line
                  • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                  • CNGS Target
                  • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                  • Decay Tube
                  • Muon Monitors
                  • Operational Experience and Performance
                  • CNGS Timeline
                  • CNGS Radiation Issues
                  • CNGS Performance
                  • 2009 Protons on Target
                  • Beam Intensity
                  • Slide 23
                  • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                  • Slide 25
                  • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                  • Summary
                  • Slide 28
                  • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                  • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                  • Neutrinos

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    10

                    CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

                    Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

                    ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

                    ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

                    Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

                    ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

                    bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

                    bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

                    ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

                    CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    11

                    Primary Beam Line

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    12

                    434m100m

                    1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

                    27m

                    TBID

                    Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

                    bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

                    bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

                    possible

                    bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

                    exit window

                    bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

                    bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

                    CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    13

                    CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

                    Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

                    27mm interaction length

                    Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

                    Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    14

                    CNGS Horn and Reflector

                    bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

                    Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

                    ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

                    ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

                    ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

                    035 m

                    inner conductor

                    CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    15

                    Decay Tube

                    ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

                    surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

                    water cooled

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    16

                    60cm

                    270cm

                    1125cm

                    bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

                    bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

                    LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

                    bull N2 gas filling

                    CNGS

                    bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

                    CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                    Muon Monitors

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    17

                    Operational Experience and Performance

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    18

                    CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

                    2006

                    10 July-27 Oct

                    Beam Commissioning CERN

                    008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

                    Gran Sasso

                    2006-2007

                    ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

                    CERN

                    2007

                    17 Sept-20 Oct

                    Beam Commissioning at high intensity

                    CERN

                    008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

                    Gran Sasso

                    2007-2008

                    Shutdown

                    Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

                    CERN

                    Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

                    2008

                    18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

                    2009

                    1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    19

                    CNGS Radiation Issues

                    106 hcm2yr2008++

                    CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                    bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                    electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                    ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                    200607

                    109 hcm2yr

                    Operational Experience

                    p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    20

                    CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                    178middot1019 protons on target

                    OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                    2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                    OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                    CNGS Performance

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    21

                    2009 protons on target

                    02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                    12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                    2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                    3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                    22-M

                    ay

                    29-M

                    ay

                    5-J

                    un

                    12-J

                    un

                    19-J

                    un

                    26-J

                    un

                    3-J

                    ul

                    10-J

                    ul

                    17-J

                    ul

                    24-J

                    ul

                    31-J

                    ul

                    7-A

                    ug

                    14-A

                    ug

                    21-A

                    ug

                    28-A

                    ug

                    4-S

                    ep

                    11-S

                    ep

                    18-S

                    ep

                    25-S

                    ep

                    2-O

                    ct

                    9-O

                    ct

                    16-O

                    ct

                    23-O

                    ct

                    30-O

                    ct

                    6-N

                    ov

                    13-N

                    ov

                    20-N

                    ov

                    27-N

                    ov

                    inte

                    gra

                    ted

                    pro

                    ton

                    s o

                    n t

                    arg

                    et Expected protons on target

                    Achieved protons on target

                    2009 Protons on Target

                    Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                    Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                    Total POT 2008 178E19

                    CNGS Performance

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    22

                    Error rms spread

                    Beam Intensity

                    Protons on targetextraction

                    x 1010

                    CNGS Performance

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    23

                    ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                    23

                    target

                    muon detectors pit 1

                    muon detectors pit 2

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    24

                    CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                    bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                    ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                    charge)

                    270cm

                    1125cm

                    Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                    Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                    CNGS Performance

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    25

                    CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                    ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                    comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                    Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                    NeutrinoFocusing on

                    positive charge

                    Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                    negative charge

                    FL

                    UK

                    A s

                    imu

                    lati

                    on

                    s P

                    Sal

                    a et

                    al 2

                    008

                    CNGS Performance

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    26

                    Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                    Excellent agreement

                    pit 1 Horizontal

                    0

                    005

                    01

                    015

                    02

                    025

                    03

                    035

                    04

                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                    cm

                    ch

                    po

                    t

                    measurement

                    simulation

                    Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                    pit 1 Vertical

                    0

                    005

                    01

                    015

                    02

                    025

                    03

                    035

                    04

                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                    ch

                    po

                    t

                    measurement

                    simulation

                    Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                    0

                    0002

                    0004

                    0006

                    0008

                    001

                    0012

                    0014

                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                    cm

                    ch

                    po

                    t

                    measurement

                    simulation

                    Vertical Profile Pit 2

                    pit 2 Horizontal

                    0

                    0002

                    0004

                    0006

                    0008

                    001

                    0012

                    0014

                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                    ch

                    po

                    t

                    measurement

                    simulation

                    Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                    MeasurementsSimulations

                    P

                    Sal

                    a et

                    al

                    FLU

                    KA

                    sim

                    ulat

                    ion

                    s 20

                    08

                    CNGS Performance

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    27

                    Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                    of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                    ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                    ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                    Waiting for tau neutrino results

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    28

                    bull Additional Slides

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    29

                    Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                    If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                    m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                    m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                    sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                    Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                    Mass states Flavor states

                    ~

                    Introduction

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    30

                    CNGS Performance - Reminder

                    Examples effect on ντ cc events

                    horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                    reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                    CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                    CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                    31

                    NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                    bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                    Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                    bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                    bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                    bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                    Introduction

                    bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                    • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                    • Slide 2
                    • Neutrino Introduction
                    • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                    • Slide 5
                    • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                    • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                    • CNGS Challenges
                    • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                    • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                    • Primary Beam Line
                    • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                    • CNGS Target
                    • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                    • Decay Tube
                    • Muon Monitors
                    • Operational Experience and Performance
                    • CNGS Timeline
                    • CNGS Radiation Issues
                    • CNGS Performance
                    • 2009 Protons on Target
                    • Beam Intensity
                    • Slide 23
                    • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                    • Slide 25
                    • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                    • Summary
                    • Slide 28
                    • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                    • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                    • Neutrinos

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      11

                      Primary Beam Line

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      12

                      434m100m

                      1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

                      27m

                      TBID

                      Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

                      bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

                      bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

                      possible

                      bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

                      exit window

                      bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

                      bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

                      CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      13

                      CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

                      Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

                      27mm interaction length

                      Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

                      Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      14

                      CNGS Horn and Reflector

                      bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

                      Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

                      ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

                      ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

                      ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

                      035 m

                      inner conductor

                      CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      15

                      Decay Tube

                      ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

                      surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

                      water cooled

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      16

                      60cm

                      270cm

                      1125cm

                      bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

                      bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

                      LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

                      bull N2 gas filling

                      CNGS

                      bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

                      CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                      Muon Monitors

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      17

                      Operational Experience and Performance

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      18

                      CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

                      2006

                      10 July-27 Oct

                      Beam Commissioning CERN

                      008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

                      Gran Sasso

                      2006-2007

                      ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

                      CERN

                      2007

                      17 Sept-20 Oct

                      Beam Commissioning at high intensity

                      CERN

                      008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

                      Gran Sasso

                      2007-2008

                      Shutdown

                      Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

                      CERN

                      Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

                      2008

                      18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

                      2009

                      1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      19

                      CNGS Radiation Issues

                      106 hcm2yr2008++

                      CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                      bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                      electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                      ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                      200607

                      109 hcm2yr

                      Operational Experience

                      p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      20

                      CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                      178middot1019 protons on target

                      OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                      2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                      OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                      CNGS Performance

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      21

                      2009 protons on target

                      02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                      12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                      2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                      3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                      22-M

                      ay

                      29-M

                      ay

                      5-J

                      un

                      12-J

                      un

                      19-J

                      un

                      26-J

                      un

                      3-J

                      ul

                      10-J

                      ul

                      17-J

                      ul

                      24-J

                      ul

                      31-J

                      ul

                      7-A

                      ug

                      14-A

                      ug

                      21-A

                      ug

                      28-A

                      ug

                      4-S

                      ep

                      11-S

                      ep

                      18-S

                      ep

                      25-S

                      ep

                      2-O

                      ct

                      9-O

                      ct

                      16-O

                      ct

                      23-O

                      ct

                      30-O

                      ct

                      6-N

                      ov

                      13-N

                      ov

                      20-N

                      ov

                      27-N

                      ov

                      inte

                      gra

                      ted

                      pro

                      ton

                      s o

                      n t

                      arg

                      et Expected protons on target

                      Achieved protons on target

                      2009 Protons on Target

                      Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                      Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                      Total POT 2008 178E19

                      CNGS Performance

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      22

                      Error rms spread

                      Beam Intensity

                      Protons on targetextraction

                      x 1010

                      CNGS Performance

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      23

                      ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                      23

                      target

                      muon detectors pit 1

                      muon detectors pit 2

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      24

                      CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                      bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                      ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                      charge)

                      270cm

                      1125cm

                      Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                      Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                      CNGS Performance

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      25

                      CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                      ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                      comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                      Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                      NeutrinoFocusing on

                      positive charge

                      Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                      negative charge

                      FL

                      UK

                      A s

                      imu

                      lati

                      on

                      s P

                      Sal

                      a et

                      al 2

                      008

                      CNGS Performance

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      26

                      Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                      Excellent agreement

                      pit 1 Horizontal

                      0

                      005

                      01

                      015

                      02

                      025

                      03

                      035

                      04

                      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                      cm

                      ch

                      po

                      t

                      measurement

                      simulation

                      Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                      pit 1 Vertical

                      0

                      005

                      01

                      015

                      02

                      025

                      03

                      035

                      04

                      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                      ch

                      po

                      t

                      measurement

                      simulation

                      Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                      0

                      0002

                      0004

                      0006

                      0008

                      001

                      0012

                      0014

                      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                      cm

                      ch

                      po

                      t

                      measurement

                      simulation

                      Vertical Profile Pit 2

                      pit 2 Horizontal

                      0

                      0002

                      0004

                      0006

                      0008

                      001

                      0012

                      0014

                      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                      ch

                      po

                      t

                      measurement

                      simulation

                      Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                      MeasurementsSimulations

                      P

                      Sal

                      a et

                      al

                      FLU

                      KA

                      sim

                      ulat

                      ion

                      s 20

                      08

                      CNGS Performance

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      27

                      Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                      of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                      ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                      ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                      Waiting for tau neutrino results

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      28

                      bull Additional Slides

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      29

                      Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                      If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                      m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                      m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                      sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                      Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                      Mass states Flavor states

                      ~

                      Introduction

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      30

                      CNGS Performance - Reminder

                      Examples effect on ντ cc events

                      horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                      reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                      CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                      CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                      31

                      NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                      bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                      Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                      bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                      bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                      bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                      Introduction

                      bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                      • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                      • Slide 2
                      • Neutrino Introduction
                      • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                      • Slide 5
                      • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                      • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                      • CNGS Challenges
                      • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                      • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                      • Primary Beam Line
                      • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                      • CNGS Target
                      • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                      • Decay Tube
                      • Muon Monitors
                      • Operational Experience and Performance
                      • CNGS Timeline
                      • CNGS Radiation Issues
                      • CNGS Performance
                      • 2009 Protons on Target
                      • Beam Intensity
                      • Slide 23
                      • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                      • Slide 25
                      • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                      • Summary
                      • Slide 28
                      • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                      • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                      • Neutrinos

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        12

                        434m100m

                        1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

                        27m

                        TBID

                        Air cooled graphite targetndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

                        bull Multiplicity detector TBID ionization chambers

                        bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change

                        possible

                        bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

                        exit window

                        bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

                        bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

                        CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        13

                        CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

                        Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

                        27mm interaction length

                        Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

                        Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        14

                        CNGS Horn and Reflector

                        bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

                        Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

                        ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

                        ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

                        ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

                        035 m

                        inner conductor

                        CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        15

                        Decay Tube

                        ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

                        surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

                        water cooled

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        16

                        60cm

                        270cm

                        1125cm

                        bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

                        bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

                        LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

                        bull N2 gas filling

                        CNGS

                        bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

                        CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                        Muon Monitors

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        17

                        Operational Experience and Performance

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        18

                        CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

                        2006

                        10 July-27 Oct

                        Beam Commissioning CERN

                        008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

                        Gran Sasso

                        2006-2007

                        ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

                        CERN

                        2007

                        17 Sept-20 Oct

                        Beam Commissioning at high intensity

                        CERN

                        008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

                        Gran Sasso

                        2007-2008

                        Shutdown

                        Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

                        CERN

                        Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

                        2008

                        18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

                        2009

                        1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        19

                        CNGS Radiation Issues

                        106 hcm2yr2008++

                        CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                        bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                        electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                        ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                        200607

                        109 hcm2yr

                        Operational Experience

                        p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        20

                        CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                        178middot1019 protons on target

                        OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                        2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                        OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                        CNGS Performance

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        21

                        2009 protons on target

                        02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                        12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                        2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                        3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                        22-M

                        ay

                        29-M

                        ay

                        5-J

                        un

                        12-J

                        un

                        19-J

                        un

                        26-J

                        un

                        3-J

                        ul

                        10-J

                        ul

                        17-J

                        ul

                        24-J

                        ul

                        31-J

                        ul

                        7-A

                        ug

                        14-A

                        ug

                        21-A

                        ug

                        28-A

                        ug

                        4-S

                        ep

                        11-S

                        ep

                        18-S

                        ep

                        25-S

                        ep

                        2-O

                        ct

                        9-O

                        ct

                        16-O

                        ct

                        23-O

                        ct

                        30-O

                        ct

                        6-N

                        ov

                        13-N

                        ov

                        20-N

                        ov

                        27-N

                        ov

                        inte

                        gra

                        ted

                        pro

                        ton

                        s o

                        n t

                        arg

                        et Expected protons on target

                        Achieved protons on target

                        2009 Protons on Target

                        Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                        Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                        Total POT 2008 178E19

                        CNGS Performance

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        22

                        Error rms spread

                        Beam Intensity

                        Protons on targetextraction

                        x 1010

                        CNGS Performance

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        23

                        ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                        23

                        target

                        muon detectors pit 1

                        muon detectors pit 2

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        24

                        CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                        bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                        ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                        charge)

                        270cm

                        1125cm

                        Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                        Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                        CNGS Performance

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        25

                        CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                        ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                        comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                        Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                        NeutrinoFocusing on

                        positive charge

                        Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                        negative charge

                        FL

                        UK

                        A s

                        imu

                        lati

                        on

                        s P

                        Sal

                        a et

                        al 2

                        008

                        CNGS Performance

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        26

                        Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                        Excellent agreement

                        pit 1 Horizontal

                        0

                        005

                        01

                        015

                        02

                        025

                        03

                        035

                        04

                        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                        cm

                        ch

                        po

                        t

                        measurement

                        simulation

                        Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                        pit 1 Vertical

                        0

                        005

                        01

                        015

                        02

                        025

                        03

                        035

                        04

                        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                        ch

                        po

                        t

                        measurement

                        simulation

                        Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                        0

                        0002

                        0004

                        0006

                        0008

                        001

                        0012

                        0014

                        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                        cm

                        ch

                        po

                        t

                        measurement

                        simulation

                        Vertical Profile Pit 2

                        pit 2 Horizontal

                        0

                        0002

                        0004

                        0006

                        0008

                        001

                        0012

                        0014

                        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                        ch

                        po

                        t

                        measurement

                        simulation

                        Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                        MeasurementsSimulations

                        P

                        Sal

                        a et

                        al

                        FLU

                        KA

                        sim

                        ulat

                        ion

                        s 20

                        08

                        CNGS Performance

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        27

                        Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                        of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                        ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                        ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                        Waiting for tau neutrino results

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        28

                        bull Additional Slides

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        29

                        Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                        If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                        m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                        m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                        sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                        Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                        Mass states Flavor states

                        ~

                        Introduction

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        30

                        CNGS Performance - Reminder

                        Examples effect on ντ cc events

                        horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                        reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                        CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                        CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                        31

                        NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                        bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                        Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                        bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                        bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                        bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                        Introduction

                        bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                        • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                        • Slide 2
                        • Neutrino Introduction
                        • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                        • Slide 5
                        • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                        • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                        • CNGS Challenges
                        • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                        • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                        • Primary Beam Line
                        • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                        • CNGS Target
                        • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                        • Decay Tube
                        • Muon Monitors
                        • Operational Experience and Performance
                        • CNGS Timeline
                        • CNGS Radiation Issues
                        • CNGS Performance
                        • 2009 Protons on Target
                        • Beam Intensity
                        • Slide 23
                        • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                        • Slide 25
                        • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                        • Summary
                        • Slide 28
                        • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                        • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                        • Neutrinos

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          13

                          CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long

                          Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

                          27mm interaction length

                          Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines

                          Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          14

                          CNGS Horn and Reflector

                          bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

                          Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

                          ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

                          ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

                          ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

                          035 m

                          inner conductor

                          CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          15

                          Decay Tube

                          ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

                          surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

                          water cooled

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          16

                          60cm

                          270cm

                          1125cm

                          bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

                          bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

                          LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

                          bull N2 gas filling

                          CNGS

                          bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

                          CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                          Muon Monitors

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          17

                          Operational Experience and Performance

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          18

                          CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

                          2006

                          10 July-27 Oct

                          Beam Commissioning CERN

                          008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

                          Gran Sasso

                          2006-2007

                          ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

                          CERN

                          2007

                          17 Sept-20 Oct

                          Beam Commissioning at high intensity

                          CERN

                          008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

                          Gran Sasso

                          2007-2008

                          Shutdown

                          Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

                          CERN

                          Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

                          2008

                          18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

                          2009

                          1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          19

                          CNGS Radiation Issues

                          106 hcm2yr2008++

                          CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                          bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                          electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                          ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                          200607

                          109 hcm2yr

                          Operational Experience

                          p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          20

                          CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                          178middot1019 protons on target

                          OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                          2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                          OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                          CNGS Performance

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          21

                          2009 protons on target

                          02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                          12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                          2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                          3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                          22-M

                          ay

                          29-M

                          ay

                          5-J

                          un

                          12-J

                          un

                          19-J

                          un

                          26-J

                          un

                          3-J

                          ul

                          10-J

                          ul

                          17-J

                          ul

                          24-J

                          ul

                          31-J

                          ul

                          7-A

                          ug

                          14-A

                          ug

                          21-A

                          ug

                          28-A

                          ug

                          4-S

                          ep

                          11-S

                          ep

                          18-S

                          ep

                          25-S

                          ep

                          2-O

                          ct

                          9-O

                          ct

                          16-O

                          ct

                          23-O

                          ct

                          30-O

                          ct

                          6-N

                          ov

                          13-N

                          ov

                          20-N

                          ov

                          27-N

                          ov

                          inte

                          gra

                          ted

                          pro

                          ton

                          s o

                          n t

                          arg

                          et Expected protons on target

                          Achieved protons on target

                          2009 Protons on Target

                          Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                          Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                          Total POT 2008 178E19

                          CNGS Performance

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          22

                          Error rms spread

                          Beam Intensity

                          Protons on targetextraction

                          x 1010

                          CNGS Performance

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          23

                          ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                          23

                          target

                          muon detectors pit 1

                          muon detectors pit 2

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          24

                          CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                          bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                          ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                          charge)

                          270cm

                          1125cm

                          Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                          Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                          CNGS Performance

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          25

                          CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                          ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                          comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                          Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                          NeutrinoFocusing on

                          positive charge

                          Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                          negative charge

                          FL

                          UK

                          A s

                          imu

                          lati

                          on

                          s P

                          Sal

                          a et

                          al 2

                          008

                          CNGS Performance

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          26

                          Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                          Excellent agreement

                          pit 1 Horizontal

                          0

                          005

                          01

                          015

                          02

                          025

                          03

                          035

                          04

                          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                          cm

                          ch

                          po

                          t

                          measurement

                          simulation

                          Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                          pit 1 Vertical

                          0

                          005

                          01

                          015

                          02

                          025

                          03

                          035

                          04

                          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                          ch

                          po

                          t

                          measurement

                          simulation

                          Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                          0

                          0002

                          0004

                          0006

                          0008

                          001

                          0012

                          0014

                          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                          cm

                          ch

                          po

                          t

                          measurement

                          simulation

                          Vertical Profile Pit 2

                          pit 2 Horizontal

                          0

                          0002

                          0004

                          0006

                          0008

                          001

                          0012

                          0014

                          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                          ch

                          po

                          t

                          measurement

                          simulation

                          Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                          MeasurementsSimulations

                          P

                          Sal

                          a et

                          al

                          FLU

                          KA

                          sim

                          ulat

                          ion

                          s 20

                          08

                          CNGS Performance

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          27

                          Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                          of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                          ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                          ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                          Waiting for tau neutrino results

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          28

                          bull Additional Slides

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          29

                          Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                          If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                          m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                          m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                          sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                          Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                          Mass states Flavor states

                          ~

                          Introduction

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          30

                          CNGS Performance - Reminder

                          Examples effect on ντ cc events

                          horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                          reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                          CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                          CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                          31

                          NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                          bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                          Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                          bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                          bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                          bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                          Introduction

                          bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                          • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                          • Slide 2
                          • Neutrino Introduction
                          • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                          • Slide 5
                          • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                          • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                          • CNGS Challenges
                          • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                          • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                          • Primary Beam Line
                          • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                          • CNGS Target
                          • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                          • Decay Tube
                          • Muon Monitors
                          • Operational Experience and Performance
                          • CNGS Timeline
                          • CNGS Radiation Issues
                          • CNGS Performance
                          • 2009 Protons on Target
                          • Beam Intensity
                          • Slide 23
                          • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                          • Slide 25
                          • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                          • Summary
                          • Slide 28
                          • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                          • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                          • Neutrinos

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            14

                            CNGS Horn and Reflector

                            bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

                            Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit

                            ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop

                            ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections

                            ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change

                            035 m

                            inner conductor

                            CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            15

                            Decay Tube

                            ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

                            surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

                            water cooled

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            16

                            60cm

                            270cm

                            1125cm

                            bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

                            bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

                            LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

                            bull N2 gas filling

                            CNGS

                            bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

                            CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                            Muon Monitors

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            17

                            Operational Experience and Performance

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            18

                            CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

                            2006

                            10 July-27 Oct

                            Beam Commissioning CERN

                            008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

                            Gran Sasso

                            2006-2007

                            ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

                            CERN

                            2007

                            17 Sept-20 Oct

                            Beam Commissioning at high intensity

                            CERN

                            008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

                            Gran Sasso

                            2007-2008

                            Shutdown

                            Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

                            CERN

                            Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

                            2008

                            18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

                            2009

                            1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            19

                            CNGS Radiation Issues

                            106 hcm2yr2008++

                            CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                            bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                            electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                            ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                            200607

                            109 hcm2yr

                            Operational Experience

                            p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            20

                            CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                            178middot1019 protons on target

                            OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                            2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                            OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                            CNGS Performance

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            21

                            2009 protons on target

                            02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                            12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                            2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                            3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                            22-M

                            ay

                            29-M

                            ay

                            5-J

                            un

                            12-J

                            un

                            19-J

                            un

                            26-J

                            un

                            3-J

                            ul

                            10-J

                            ul

                            17-J

                            ul

                            24-J

                            ul

                            31-J

                            ul

                            7-A

                            ug

                            14-A

                            ug

                            21-A

                            ug

                            28-A

                            ug

                            4-S

                            ep

                            11-S

                            ep

                            18-S

                            ep

                            25-S

                            ep

                            2-O

                            ct

                            9-O

                            ct

                            16-O

                            ct

                            23-O

                            ct

                            30-O

                            ct

                            6-N

                            ov

                            13-N

                            ov

                            20-N

                            ov

                            27-N

                            ov

                            inte

                            gra

                            ted

                            pro

                            ton

                            s o

                            n t

                            arg

                            et Expected protons on target

                            Achieved protons on target

                            2009 Protons on Target

                            Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                            Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                            Total POT 2008 178E19

                            CNGS Performance

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            22

                            Error rms spread

                            Beam Intensity

                            Protons on targetextraction

                            x 1010

                            CNGS Performance

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            23

                            ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                            23

                            target

                            muon detectors pit 1

                            muon detectors pit 2

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            24

                            CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                            bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                            ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                            charge)

                            270cm

                            1125cm

                            Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                            Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                            CNGS Performance

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            25

                            CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                            ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                            comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                            Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                            NeutrinoFocusing on

                            positive charge

                            Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                            negative charge

                            FL

                            UK

                            A s

                            imu

                            lati

                            on

                            s P

                            Sal

                            a et

                            al 2

                            008

                            CNGS Performance

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            26

                            Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                            Excellent agreement

                            pit 1 Horizontal

                            0

                            005

                            01

                            015

                            02

                            025

                            03

                            035

                            04

                            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                            cm

                            ch

                            po

                            t

                            measurement

                            simulation

                            Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                            pit 1 Vertical

                            0

                            005

                            01

                            015

                            02

                            025

                            03

                            035

                            04

                            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                            ch

                            po

                            t

                            measurement

                            simulation

                            Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                            0

                            0002

                            0004

                            0006

                            0008

                            001

                            0012

                            0014

                            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                            cm

                            ch

                            po

                            t

                            measurement

                            simulation

                            Vertical Profile Pit 2

                            pit 2 Horizontal

                            0

                            0002

                            0004

                            0006

                            0008

                            001

                            0012

                            0014

                            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                            ch

                            po

                            t

                            measurement

                            simulation

                            Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                            MeasurementsSimulations

                            P

                            Sal

                            a et

                            al

                            FLU

                            KA

                            sim

                            ulat

                            ion

                            s 20

                            08

                            CNGS Performance

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            27

                            Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                            of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                            ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                            ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                            Waiting for tau neutrino results

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            28

                            bull Additional Slides

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            29

                            Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                            If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                            m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                            m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                            sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                            Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                            Mass states Flavor states

                            ~

                            Introduction

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            30

                            CNGS Performance - Reminder

                            Examples effect on ντ cc events

                            horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                            reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                            CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                            CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                            31

                            NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                            bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                            Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                            bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                            bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                            bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                            Introduction

                            bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                            • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                            • Slide 2
                            • Neutrino Introduction
                            • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                            • Slide 5
                            • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                            • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                            • CNGS Challenges
                            • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                            • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                            • Primary Beam Line
                            • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                            • CNGS Target
                            • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                            • Decay Tube
                            • Muon Monitors
                            • Operational Experience and Performance
                            • CNGS Timeline
                            • CNGS Radiation Issues
                            • CNGS Performance
                            • 2009 Protons on Target
                            • Beam Intensity
                            • Slide 23
                            • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                            • Slide 25
                            • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                            • Summary
                            • Slide 28
                            • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                            • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                            • Neutrinos

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              15

                              Decay Tube

                              ndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 994m longndash 245m diameter t=18mm

                              surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel

                              water cooled

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              16

                              60cm

                              270cm

                              1125cm

                              bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

                              bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

                              LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

                              bull N2 gas filling

                              CNGS

                              bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

                              CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                              Muon Monitors

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              17

                              Operational Experience and Performance

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              18

                              CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

                              2006

                              10 July-27 Oct

                              Beam Commissioning CERN

                              008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

                              Gran Sasso

                              2006-2007

                              ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

                              CERN

                              2007

                              17 Sept-20 Oct

                              Beam Commissioning at high intensity

                              CERN

                              008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

                              Gran Sasso

                              2007-2008

                              Shutdown

                              Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

                              CERN

                              Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

                              2008

                              18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

                              2009

                              1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              19

                              CNGS Radiation Issues

                              106 hcm2yr2008++

                              CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                              bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                              electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                              ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                              200607

                              109 hcm2yr

                              Operational Experience

                              p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              20

                              CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                              178middot1019 protons on target

                              OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                              2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                              OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                              CNGS Performance

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              21

                              2009 protons on target

                              02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                              12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                              2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                              3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                              22-M

                              ay

                              29-M

                              ay

                              5-J

                              un

                              12-J

                              un

                              19-J

                              un

                              26-J

                              un

                              3-J

                              ul

                              10-J

                              ul

                              17-J

                              ul

                              24-J

                              ul

                              31-J

                              ul

                              7-A

                              ug

                              14-A

                              ug

                              21-A

                              ug

                              28-A

                              ug

                              4-S

                              ep

                              11-S

                              ep

                              18-S

                              ep

                              25-S

                              ep

                              2-O

                              ct

                              9-O

                              ct

                              16-O

                              ct

                              23-O

                              ct

                              30-O

                              ct

                              6-N

                              ov

                              13-N

                              ov

                              20-N

                              ov

                              27-N

                              ov

                              inte

                              gra

                              ted

                              pro

                              ton

                              s o

                              n t

                              arg

                              et Expected protons on target

                              Achieved protons on target

                              2009 Protons on Target

                              Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                              Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                              Total POT 2008 178E19

                              CNGS Performance

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              22

                              Error rms spread

                              Beam Intensity

                              Protons on targetextraction

                              x 1010

                              CNGS Performance

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              23

                              ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                              23

                              target

                              muon detectors pit 1

                              muon detectors pit 2

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              24

                              CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                              bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                              ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                              charge)

                              270cm

                              1125cm

                              Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                              Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                              CNGS Performance

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              25

                              CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                              ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                              comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                              Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                              NeutrinoFocusing on

                              positive charge

                              Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                              negative charge

                              FL

                              UK

                              A s

                              imu

                              lati

                              on

                              s P

                              Sal

                              a et

                              al 2

                              008

                              CNGS Performance

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              26

                              Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                              Excellent agreement

                              pit 1 Horizontal

                              0

                              005

                              01

                              015

                              02

                              025

                              03

                              035

                              04

                              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                              cm

                              ch

                              po

                              t

                              measurement

                              simulation

                              Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                              pit 1 Vertical

                              0

                              005

                              01

                              015

                              02

                              025

                              03

                              035

                              04

                              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                              ch

                              po

                              t

                              measurement

                              simulation

                              Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                              0

                              0002

                              0004

                              0006

                              0008

                              001

                              0012

                              0014

                              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                              cm

                              ch

                              po

                              t

                              measurement

                              simulation

                              Vertical Profile Pit 2

                              pit 2 Horizontal

                              0

                              0002

                              0004

                              0006

                              0008

                              001

                              0012

                              0014

                              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                              ch

                              po

                              t

                              measurement

                              simulation

                              Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                              MeasurementsSimulations

                              P

                              Sal

                              a et

                              al

                              FLU

                              KA

                              sim

                              ulat

                              ion

                              s 20

                              08

                              CNGS Performance

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              27

                              Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                              of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                              ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                              ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                              Waiting for tau neutrino results

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              28

                              bull Additional Slides

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              29

                              Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                              If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                              m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                              m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                              sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                              Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                              Mass states Flavor states

                              ~

                              Introduction

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              30

                              CNGS Performance - Reminder

                              Examples effect on ντ cc events

                              horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                              reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                              CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                              CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                              31

                              NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                              bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                              Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                              bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                              bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                              bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                              Introduction

                              bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                              • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                              • Slide 2
                              • Neutrino Introduction
                              • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                              • Slide 5
                              • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                              • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                              • CNGS Challenges
                              • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                              • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                              • Primary Beam Line
                              • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                              • CNGS Target
                              • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                              • Decay Tube
                              • Muon Monitors
                              • Operational Experience and Performance
                              • CNGS Timeline
                              • CNGS Radiation Issues
                              • CNGS Performance
                              • 2009 Protons on Target
                              • Beam Intensity
                              • Slide 23
                              • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                              • Slide 25
                              • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                              • Summary
                              • Slide 28
                              • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                              • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                              • Neutrinos

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                16

                                60cm

                                270cm

                                1125cm

                                bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

                                bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

                                LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation

                                bull N2 gas filling

                                CNGS

                                bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

                                CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

                                Muon Monitors

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                17

                                Operational Experience and Performance

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                18

                                CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

                                2006

                                10 July-27 Oct

                                Beam Commissioning CERN

                                008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

                                Gran Sasso

                                2006-2007

                                ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

                                CERN

                                2007

                                17 Sept-20 Oct

                                Beam Commissioning at high intensity

                                CERN

                                008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

                                Gran Sasso

                                2007-2008

                                Shutdown

                                Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

                                CERN

                                Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

                                2008

                                18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

                                2009

                                1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                19

                                CNGS Radiation Issues

                                106 hcm2yr2008++

                                CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                                bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                                electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                                ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                                200607

                                109 hcm2yr

                                Operational Experience

                                p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                20

                                CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                                178middot1019 protons on target

                                OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                                2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                                OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                                CNGS Performance

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                21

                                2009 protons on target

                                02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                                12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                                2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                                3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                                22-M

                                ay

                                29-M

                                ay

                                5-J

                                un

                                12-J

                                un

                                19-J

                                un

                                26-J

                                un

                                3-J

                                ul

                                10-J

                                ul

                                17-J

                                ul

                                24-J

                                ul

                                31-J

                                ul

                                7-A

                                ug

                                14-A

                                ug

                                21-A

                                ug

                                28-A

                                ug

                                4-S

                                ep

                                11-S

                                ep

                                18-S

                                ep

                                25-S

                                ep

                                2-O

                                ct

                                9-O

                                ct

                                16-O

                                ct

                                23-O

                                ct

                                30-O

                                ct

                                6-N

                                ov

                                13-N

                                ov

                                20-N

                                ov

                                27-N

                                ov

                                inte

                                gra

                                ted

                                pro

                                ton

                                s o

                                n t

                                arg

                                et Expected protons on target

                                Achieved protons on target

                                2009 Protons on Target

                                Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                                Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                                Total POT 2008 178E19

                                CNGS Performance

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                22

                                Error rms spread

                                Beam Intensity

                                Protons on targetextraction

                                x 1010

                                CNGS Performance

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                23

                                ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                                23

                                target

                                muon detectors pit 1

                                muon detectors pit 2

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                24

                                CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                                bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                                ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                                charge)

                                270cm

                                1125cm

                                Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                                Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                                CNGS Performance

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                25

                                CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                                ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                                comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                                Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                                NeutrinoFocusing on

                                positive charge

                                Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                                negative charge

                                FL

                                UK

                                A s

                                imu

                                lati

                                on

                                s P

                                Sal

                                a et

                                al 2

                                008

                                CNGS Performance

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                26

                                Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                                Excellent agreement

                                pit 1 Horizontal

                                0

                                005

                                01

                                015

                                02

                                025

                                03

                                035

                                04

                                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                cm

                                ch

                                po

                                t

                                measurement

                                simulation

                                Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                                pit 1 Vertical

                                0

                                005

                                01

                                015

                                02

                                025

                                03

                                035

                                04

                                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                ch

                                po

                                t

                                measurement

                                simulation

                                Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                                0

                                0002

                                0004

                                0006

                                0008

                                001

                                0012

                                0014

                                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                cm

                                ch

                                po

                                t

                                measurement

                                simulation

                                Vertical Profile Pit 2

                                pit 2 Horizontal

                                0

                                0002

                                0004

                                0006

                                0008

                                001

                                0012

                                0014

                                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                ch

                                po

                                t

                                measurement

                                simulation

                                Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                                MeasurementsSimulations

                                P

                                Sal

                                a et

                                al

                                FLU

                                KA

                                sim

                                ulat

                                ion

                                s 20

                                08

                                CNGS Performance

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                27

                                Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                28

                                bull Additional Slides

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                29

                                Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                Mass states Flavor states

                                ~

                                Introduction

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                30

                                CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                31

                                NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                Introduction

                                bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                • Slide 2
                                • Neutrino Introduction
                                • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                • Slide 5
                                • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                • CNGS Challenges
                                • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                • Primary Beam Line
                                • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                • CNGS Target
                                • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                • Decay Tube
                                • Muon Monitors
                                • Operational Experience and Performance
                                • CNGS Timeline
                                • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                • CNGS Performance
                                • 2009 Protons on Target
                                • Beam Intensity
                                • Slide 23
                                • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                • Slide 25
                                • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                • Summary
                                • Slide 28
                                • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                • Neutrinos

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  17

                                  Operational Experience and Performance

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  18

                                  CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

                                  2006

                                  10 July-27 Oct

                                  Beam Commissioning CERN

                                  008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

                                  Gran Sasso

                                  2006-2007

                                  ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

                                  CERN

                                  2007

                                  17 Sept-20 Oct

                                  Beam Commissioning at high intensity

                                  CERN

                                  008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

                                  Gran Sasso

                                  2007-2008

                                  Shutdown

                                  Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

                                  CERN

                                  Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

                                  2008

                                  18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

                                  2009

                                  1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  19

                                  CNGS Radiation Issues

                                  106 hcm2yr2008++

                                  CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                                  bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                                  electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                                  ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                                  200607

                                  109 hcm2yr

                                  Operational Experience

                                  p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  20

                                  CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                                  178middot1019 protons on target

                                  OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                                  2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                                  OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                                  CNGS Performance

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  21

                                  2009 protons on target

                                  02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                                  12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                                  2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                                  3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                                  22-M

                                  ay

                                  29-M

                                  ay

                                  5-J

                                  un

                                  12-J

                                  un

                                  19-J

                                  un

                                  26-J

                                  un

                                  3-J

                                  ul

                                  10-J

                                  ul

                                  17-J

                                  ul

                                  24-J

                                  ul

                                  31-J

                                  ul

                                  7-A

                                  ug

                                  14-A

                                  ug

                                  21-A

                                  ug

                                  28-A

                                  ug

                                  4-S

                                  ep

                                  11-S

                                  ep

                                  18-S

                                  ep

                                  25-S

                                  ep

                                  2-O

                                  ct

                                  9-O

                                  ct

                                  16-O

                                  ct

                                  23-O

                                  ct

                                  30-O

                                  ct

                                  6-N

                                  ov

                                  13-N

                                  ov

                                  20-N

                                  ov

                                  27-N

                                  ov

                                  inte

                                  gra

                                  ted

                                  pro

                                  ton

                                  s o

                                  n t

                                  arg

                                  et Expected protons on target

                                  Achieved protons on target

                                  2009 Protons on Target

                                  Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                                  Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                                  Total POT 2008 178E19

                                  CNGS Performance

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  22

                                  Error rms spread

                                  Beam Intensity

                                  Protons on targetextraction

                                  x 1010

                                  CNGS Performance

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  23

                                  ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                                  23

                                  target

                                  muon detectors pit 1

                                  muon detectors pit 2

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  24

                                  CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                                  bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                                  ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                                  charge)

                                  270cm

                                  1125cm

                                  Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                                  Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                                  CNGS Performance

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  25

                                  CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                                  ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                                  comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                                  Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                                  NeutrinoFocusing on

                                  positive charge

                                  Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                                  negative charge

                                  FL

                                  UK

                                  A s

                                  imu

                                  lati

                                  on

                                  s P

                                  Sal

                                  a et

                                  al 2

                                  008

                                  CNGS Performance

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  26

                                  Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                                  Excellent agreement

                                  pit 1 Horizontal

                                  0

                                  005

                                  01

                                  015

                                  02

                                  025

                                  03

                                  035

                                  04

                                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                  cm

                                  ch

                                  po

                                  t

                                  measurement

                                  simulation

                                  Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                                  pit 1 Vertical

                                  0

                                  005

                                  01

                                  015

                                  02

                                  025

                                  03

                                  035

                                  04

                                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                  ch

                                  po

                                  t

                                  measurement

                                  simulation

                                  Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                                  0

                                  0002

                                  0004

                                  0006

                                  0008

                                  001

                                  0012

                                  0014

                                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                  cm

                                  ch

                                  po

                                  t

                                  measurement

                                  simulation

                                  Vertical Profile Pit 2

                                  pit 2 Horizontal

                                  0

                                  0002

                                  0004

                                  0006

                                  0008

                                  001

                                  0012

                                  0014

                                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                  ch

                                  po

                                  t

                                  measurement

                                  simulation

                                  Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                                  MeasurementsSimulations

                                  P

                                  Sal

                                  a et

                                  al

                                  FLU

                                  KA

                                  sim

                                  ulat

                                  ion

                                  s 20

                                  08

                                  CNGS Performance

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  27

                                  Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                  of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                  ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                  ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                  Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  28

                                  bull Additional Slides

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  29

                                  Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                  If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                  m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                  m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                  sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                  Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                  Mass states Flavor states

                                  ~

                                  Introduction

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  30

                                  CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                  Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                  horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                  reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                  CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                  CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                  31

                                  NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                  bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                  Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                  bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                  bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                  bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                  Introduction

                                  bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                  • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                  • Slide 2
                                  • Neutrino Introduction
                                  • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                  • Slide 5
                                  • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                  • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                  • CNGS Challenges
                                  • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                  • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                  • Primary Beam Line
                                  • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                  • CNGS Target
                                  • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                  • Decay Tube
                                  • Muon Monitors
                                  • Operational Experience and Performance
                                  • CNGS Timeline
                                  • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                  • CNGS Performance
                                  • 2009 Protons on Target
                                  • Beam Intensity
                                  • Slide 23
                                  • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                  • Slide 25
                                  • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                  • Summary
                                  • Slide 28
                                  • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                  • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                  • Neutrinos

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    18

                                    CNGS Timeline2000-2005 Civil Engineering amp Installation CERN

                                    2006

                                    10 July-27 Oct

                                    Beam Commissioning CERN

                                    008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning

                                    Gran Sasso

                                    2006-2007

                                    ShutdownReflector Water Leak RepairImprovement

                                    CERN

                                    2007

                                    17 Sept-20 Oct

                                    Beam Commissioning at high intensity

                                    CERN

                                    008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks

                                    Gran Sasso

                                    2007-2008

                                    Shutdown

                                    Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement

                                    CERN

                                    Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso

                                    2008

                                    18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot

                                    2009

                                    1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    19

                                    CNGS Radiation Issues

                                    106 hcm2yr2008++

                                    CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                                    bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                                    electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                                    ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                                    200607

                                    109 hcm2yr

                                    Operational Experience

                                    p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    20

                                    CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                                    178middot1019 protons on target

                                    OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                                    2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                                    OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                                    CNGS Performance

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    21

                                    2009 protons on target

                                    02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                                    12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                                    2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                                    3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                                    22-M

                                    ay

                                    29-M

                                    ay

                                    5-J

                                    un

                                    12-J

                                    un

                                    19-J

                                    un

                                    26-J

                                    un

                                    3-J

                                    ul

                                    10-J

                                    ul

                                    17-J

                                    ul

                                    24-J

                                    ul

                                    31-J

                                    ul

                                    7-A

                                    ug

                                    14-A

                                    ug

                                    21-A

                                    ug

                                    28-A

                                    ug

                                    4-S

                                    ep

                                    11-S

                                    ep

                                    18-S

                                    ep

                                    25-S

                                    ep

                                    2-O

                                    ct

                                    9-O

                                    ct

                                    16-O

                                    ct

                                    23-O

                                    ct

                                    30-O

                                    ct

                                    6-N

                                    ov

                                    13-N

                                    ov

                                    20-N

                                    ov

                                    27-N

                                    ov

                                    inte

                                    gra

                                    ted

                                    pro

                                    ton

                                    s o

                                    n t

                                    arg

                                    et Expected protons on target

                                    Achieved protons on target

                                    2009 Protons on Target

                                    Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                                    Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                                    Total POT 2008 178E19

                                    CNGS Performance

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    22

                                    Error rms spread

                                    Beam Intensity

                                    Protons on targetextraction

                                    x 1010

                                    CNGS Performance

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    23

                                    ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                                    23

                                    target

                                    muon detectors pit 1

                                    muon detectors pit 2

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    24

                                    CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                                    bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                                    ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                                    charge)

                                    270cm

                                    1125cm

                                    Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                                    Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                                    CNGS Performance

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    25

                                    CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                                    ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                                    comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                                    Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                                    NeutrinoFocusing on

                                    positive charge

                                    Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                                    negative charge

                                    FL

                                    UK

                                    A s

                                    imu

                                    lati

                                    on

                                    s P

                                    Sal

                                    a et

                                    al 2

                                    008

                                    CNGS Performance

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    26

                                    Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                                    Excellent agreement

                                    pit 1 Horizontal

                                    0

                                    005

                                    01

                                    015

                                    02

                                    025

                                    03

                                    035

                                    04

                                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                    cm

                                    ch

                                    po

                                    t

                                    measurement

                                    simulation

                                    Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                                    pit 1 Vertical

                                    0

                                    005

                                    01

                                    015

                                    02

                                    025

                                    03

                                    035

                                    04

                                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                    ch

                                    po

                                    t

                                    measurement

                                    simulation

                                    Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                                    0

                                    0002

                                    0004

                                    0006

                                    0008

                                    001

                                    0012

                                    0014

                                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                    cm

                                    ch

                                    po

                                    t

                                    measurement

                                    simulation

                                    Vertical Profile Pit 2

                                    pit 2 Horizontal

                                    0

                                    0002

                                    0004

                                    0006

                                    0008

                                    001

                                    0012

                                    0014

                                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                    ch

                                    po

                                    t

                                    measurement

                                    simulation

                                    Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                                    MeasurementsSimulations

                                    P

                                    Sal

                                    a et

                                    al

                                    FLU

                                    KA

                                    sim

                                    ulat

                                    ion

                                    s 20

                                    08

                                    CNGS Performance

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    27

                                    Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                    of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                    ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                    ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                    Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    28

                                    bull Additional Slides

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    29

                                    Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                    If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                    m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                    m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                    sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                    Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                    Mass states Flavor states

                                    ~

                                    Introduction

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    30

                                    CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                    Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                    horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                    reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                    CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                    CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                    31

                                    NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                    bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                    Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                    bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                    bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                    bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                    Introduction

                                    bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                    • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                    • Slide 2
                                    • Neutrino Introduction
                                    • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                    • Slide 5
                                    • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                    • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                    • CNGS Challenges
                                    • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                    • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                    • Primary Beam Line
                                    • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                    • CNGS Target
                                    • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                    • Decay Tube
                                    • Muon Monitors
                                    • Operational Experience and Performance
                                    • CNGS Timeline
                                    • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                    • CNGS Performance
                                    • 2009 Protons on Target
                                    • Beam Intensity
                                    • Slide 23
                                    • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                    • Slide 25
                                    • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                    • Summary
                                    • Slide 28
                                    • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                    • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                    • Neutrinos

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      19

                                      CNGS Radiation Issues

                                      106 hcm2yr2008++

                                      CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area

                                      bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in

                                      electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708

                                      ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

                                      200607

                                      109 hcm2yr

                                      Operational Experience

                                      p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      20

                                      CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                                      178middot1019 protons on target

                                      OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                                      2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                                      OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                                      CNGS Performance

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      21

                                      2009 protons on target

                                      02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                                      12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                                      2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                                      3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                                      22-M

                                      ay

                                      29-M

                                      ay

                                      5-J

                                      un

                                      12-J

                                      un

                                      19-J

                                      un

                                      26-J

                                      un

                                      3-J

                                      ul

                                      10-J

                                      ul

                                      17-J

                                      ul

                                      24-J

                                      ul

                                      31-J

                                      ul

                                      7-A

                                      ug

                                      14-A

                                      ug

                                      21-A

                                      ug

                                      28-A

                                      ug

                                      4-S

                                      ep

                                      11-S

                                      ep

                                      18-S

                                      ep

                                      25-S

                                      ep

                                      2-O

                                      ct

                                      9-O

                                      ct

                                      16-O

                                      ct

                                      23-O

                                      ct

                                      30-O

                                      ct

                                      6-N

                                      ov

                                      13-N

                                      ov

                                      20-N

                                      ov

                                      27-N

                                      ov

                                      inte

                                      gra

                                      ted

                                      pro

                                      ton

                                      s o

                                      n t

                                      arg

                                      et Expected protons on target

                                      Achieved protons on target

                                      2009 Protons on Target

                                      Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                                      Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                                      Total POT 2008 178E19

                                      CNGS Performance

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      22

                                      Error rms spread

                                      Beam Intensity

                                      Protons on targetextraction

                                      x 1010

                                      CNGS Performance

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      23

                                      ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                                      23

                                      target

                                      muon detectors pit 1

                                      muon detectors pit 2

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      24

                                      CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                                      bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                                      ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                                      charge)

                                      270cm

                                      1125cm

                                      Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                                      Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                                      CNGS Performance

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      25

                                      CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                                      ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                                      comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                                      Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                                      NeutrinoFocusing on

                                      positive charge

                                      Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                                      negative charge

                                      FL

                                      UK

                                      A s

                                      imu

                                      lati

                                      on

                                      s P

                                      Sal

                                      a et

                                      al 2

                                      008

                                      CNGS Performance

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      26

                                      Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                                      Excellent agreement

                                      pit 1 Horizontal

                                      0

                                      005

                                      01

                                      015

                                      02

                                      025

                                      03

                                      035

                                      04

                                      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                      cm

                                      ch

                                      po

                                      t

                                      measurement

                                      simulation

                                      Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                                      pit 1 Vertical

                                      0

                                      005

                                      01

                                      015

                                      02

                                      025

                                      03

                                      035

                                      04

                                      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                      ch

                                      po

                                      t

                                      measurement

                                      simulation

                                      Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                                      0

                                      0002

                                      0004

                                      0006

                                      0008

                                      001

                                      0012

                                      0014

                                      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                      cm

                                      ch

                                      po

                                      t

                                      measurement

                                      simulation

                                      Vertical Profile Pit 2

                                      pit 2 Horizontal

                                      0

                                      0002

                                      0004

                                      0006

                                      0008

                                      001

                                      0012

                                      0014

                                      -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                      ch

                                      po

                                      t

                                      measurement

                                      simulation

                                      Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                                      MeasurementsSimulations

                                      P

                                      Sal

                                      a et

                                      al

                                      FLU

                                      KA

                                      sim

                                      ulat

                                      ion

                                      s 20

                                      08

                                      CNGS Performance

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      27

                                      Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                      of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                      ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                      ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                      Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      28

                                      bull Additional Slides

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      29

                                      Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                      If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                      m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                      m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                      sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                      Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                      Mass states Flavor states

                                      ~

                                      Introduction

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      30

                                      CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                      Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                      horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                      reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                      CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                      CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                      31

                                      NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                      bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                      Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                      bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                      bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                      bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                      Introduction

                                      bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                      • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                      • Slide 2
                                      • Neutrino Introduction
                                      • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                      • Slide 5
                                      • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                      • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                      • CNGS Challenges
                                      • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                      • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                      • Primary Beam Line
                                      • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                      • CNGS Target
                                      • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                      • Decay Tube
                                      • Muon Monitors
                                      • Operational Experience and Performance
                                      • CNGS Timeline
                                      • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                      • CNGS Performance
                                      • 2009 Protons on Target
                                      • Beam Intensity
                                      • Slide 23
                                      • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                      • Slide 25
                                      • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                      • Summary
                                      • Slide 28
                                      • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                      • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                      • Neutrinos

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        20

                                        CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable

                                        178middot1019 protons on target

                                        OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks

                                        2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target

                                        OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks

                                        CNGS Performance

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        21

                                        2009 protons on target

                                        02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                                        12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                                        2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                                        3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                                        22-M

                                        ay

                                        29-M

                                        ay

                                        5-J

                                        un

                                        12-J

                                        un

                                        19-J

                                        un

                                        26-J

                                        un

                                        3-J

                                        ul

                                        10-J

                                        ul

                                        17-J

                                        ul

                                        24-J

                                        ul

                                        31-J

                                        ul

                                        7-A

                                        ug

                                        14-A

                                        ug

                                        21-A

                                        ug

                                        28-A

                                        ug

                                        4-S

                                        ep

                                        11-S

                                        ep

                                        18-S

                                        ep

                                        25-S

                                        ep

                                        2-O

                                        ct

                                        9-O

                                        ct

                                        16-O

                                        ct

                                        23-O

                                        ct

                                        30-O

                                        ct

                                        6-N

                                        ov

                                        13-N

                                        ov

                                        20-N

                                        ov

                                        27-N

                                        ov

                                        inte

                                        gra

                                        ted

                                        pro

                                        ton

                                        s o

                                        n t

                                        arg

                                        et Expected protons on target

                                        Achieved protons on target

                                        2009 Protons on Target

                                        Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                                        Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                                        Total POT 2008 178E19

                                        CNGS Performance

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        22

                                        Error rms spread

                                        Beam Intensity

                                        Protons on targetextraction

                                        x 1010

                                        CNGS Performance

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        23

                                        ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                                        23

                                        target

                                        muon detectors pit 1

                                        muon detectors pit 2

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        24

                                        CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                                        bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                                        ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                                        charge)

                                        270cm

                                        1125cm

                                        Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                                        Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                                        CNGS Performance

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        25

                                        CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                                        ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                                        comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                                        Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                                        NeutrinoFocusing on

                                        positive charge

                                        Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                                        negative charge

                                        FL

                                        UK

                                        A s

                                        imu

                                        lati

                                        on

                                        s P

                                        Sal

                                        a et

                                        al 2

                                        008

                                        CNGS Performance

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        26

                                        Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                                        Excellent agreement

                                        pit 1 Horizontal

                                        0

                                        005

                                        01

                                        015

                                        02

                                        025

                                        03

                                        035

                                        04

                                        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                        cm

                                        ch

                                        po

                                        t

                                        measurement

                                        simulation

                                        Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                                        pit 1 Vertical

                                        0

                                        005

                                        01

                                        015

                                        02

                                        025

                                        03

                                        035

                                        04

                                        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                        ch

                                        po

                                        t

                                        measurement

                                        simulation

                                        Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                                        0

                                        0002

                                        0004

                                        0006

                                        0008

                                        001

                                        0012

                                        0014

                                        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                        cm

                                        ch

                                        po

                                        t

                                        measurement

                                        simulation

                                        Vertical Profile Pit 2

                                        pit 2 Horizontal

                                        0

                                        0002

                                        0004

                                        0006

                                        0008

                                        001

                                        0012

                                        0014

                                        -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                        ch

                                        po

                                        t

                                        measurement

                                        simulation

                                        Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                                        MeasurementsSimulations

                                        P

                                        Sal

                                        a et

                                        al

                                        FLU

                                        KA

                                        sim

                                        ulat

                                        ion

                                        s 20

                                        08

                                        CNGS Performance

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        27

                                        Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                        of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                        ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                        ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                        Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        28

                                        bull Additional Slides

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        29

                                        Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                        If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                        m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                        m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                        sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                        Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                        Mass states Flavor states

                                        ~

                                        Introduction

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        30

                                        CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                        Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                        horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                        reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                        CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                        CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                        31

                                        NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                        bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                        Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                        bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                        bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                        bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                        Introduction

                                        bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                        • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                        • Slide 2
                                        • Neutrino Introduction
                                        • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                        • Slide 5
                                        • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                        • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                        • CNGS Challenges
                                        • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                        • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                        • Primary Beam Line
                                        • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                        • CNGS Target
                                        • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                        • Decay Tube
                                        • Muon Monitors
                                        • Operational Experience and Performance
                                        • CNGS Timeline
                                        • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                        • CNGS Performance
                                        • 2009 Protons on Target
                                        • Beam Intensity
                                        • Slide 23
                                        • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                        • Slide 25
                                        • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                        • Summary
                                        • Slide 28
                                        • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                        • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                        • Neutrinos

                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                          21

                                          2009 protons on target

                                          02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19

                                          12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19

                                          2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19

                                          3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19

                                          22-M

                                          ay

                                          29-M

                                          ay

                                          5-J

                                          un

                                          12-J

                                          un

                                          19-J

                                          un

                                          26-J

                                          un

                                          3-J

                                          ul

                                          10-J

                                          ul

                                          17-J

                                          ul

                                          24-J

                                          ul

                                          31-J

                                          ul

                                          7-A

                                          ug

                                          14-A

                                          ug

                                          21-A

                                          ug

                                          28-A

                                          ug

                                          4-S

                                          ep

                                          11-S

                                          ep

                                          18-S

                                          ep

                                          25-S

                                          ep

                                          2-O

                                          ct

                                          9-O

                                          ct

                                          16-O

                                          ct

                                          23-O

                                          ct

                                          30-O

                                          ct

                                          6-N

                                          ov

                                          13-N

                                          ov

                                          20-N

                                          ov

                                          27-N

                                          ov

                                          inte

                                          gra

                                          ted

                                          pro

                                          ton

                                          s o

                                          n t

                                          arg

                                          et Expected protons on target

                                          Achieved protons on target

                                          2009 Protons on Target

                                          Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19

                                          Total POT expected 2009 322E19

                                          Total POT 2008 178E19

                                          CNGS Performance

                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                          22

                                          Error rms spread

                                          Beam Intensity

                                          Protons on targetextraction

                                          x 1010

                                          CNGS Performance

                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                          23

                                          ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                                          23

                                          target

                                          muon detectors pit 1

                                          muon detectors pit 2

                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                          24

                                          CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                                          bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                                          ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                                          charge)

                                          270cm

                                          1125cm

                                          Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                                          Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                                          CNGS Performance

                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                          25

                                          CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                                          ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                                          comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                                          Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                                          NeutrinoFocusing on

                                          positive charge

                                          Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                                          negative charge

                                          FL

                                          UK

                                          A s

                                          imu

                                          lati

                                          on

                                          s P

                                          Sal

                                          a et

                                          al 2

                                          008

                                          CNGS Performance

                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                          26

                                          Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                                          Excellent agreement

                                          pit 1 Horizontal

                                          0

                                          005

                                          01

                                          015

                                          02

                                          025

                                          03

                                          035

                                          04

                                          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                          cm

                                          ch

                                          po

                                          t

                                          measurement

                                          simulation

                                          Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                                          pit 1 Vertical

                                          0

                                          005

                                          01

                                          015

                                          02

                                          025

                                          03

                                          035

                                          04

                                          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                          ch

                                          po

                                          t

                                          measurement

                                          simulation

                                          Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                                          0

                                          0002

                                          0004

                                          0006

                                          0008

                                          001

                                          0012

                                          0014

                                          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                          cm

                                          ch

                                          po

                                          t

                                          measurement

                                          simulation

                                          Vertical Profile Pit 2

                                          pit 2 Horizontal

                                          0

                                          0002

                                          0004

                                          0006

                                          0008

                                          001

                                          0012

                                          0014

                                          -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                          ch

                                          po

                                          t

                                          measurement

                                          simulation

                                          Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                                          MeasurementsSimulations

                                          P

                                          Sal

                                          a et

                                          al

                                          FLU

                                          KA

                                          sim

                                          ulat

                                          ion

                                          s 20

                                          08

                                          CNGS Performance

                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                          27

                                          Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                          of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                          ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                          ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                          Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                          28

                                          bull Additional Slides

                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                          29

                                          Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                          If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                          m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                          m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                          sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                          Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                          Mass states Flavor states

                                          ~

                                          Introduction

                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                          30

                                          CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                          Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                          horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                          reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                          CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                          CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                          31

                                          NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                          bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                          Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                          bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                          bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                          bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                          Introduction

                                          bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                          • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                          • Slide 2
                                          • Neutrino Introduction
                                          • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                          • Slide 5
                                          • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                          • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                          • CNGS Challenges
                                          • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                          • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                          • Primary Beam Line
                                          • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                          • CNGS Target
                                          • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                          • Decay Tube
                                          • Muon Monitors
                                          • Operational Experience and Performance
                                          • CNGS Timeline
                                          • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                          • CNGS Performance
                                          • 2009 Protons on Target
                                          • Beam Intensity
                                          • Slide 23
                                          • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                          • Slide 25
                                          • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                          • Summary
                                          • Slide 28
                                          • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                          • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                          • Neutrinos

                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                            22

                                            Error rms spread

                                            Beam Intensity

                                            Protons on targetextraction

                                            x 1010

                                            CNGS Performance

                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                            23

                                            ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                                            23

                                            target

                                            muon detectors pit 1

                                            muon detectors pit 2

                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                            24

                                            CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                                            bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                                            ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                                            charge)

                                            270cm

                                            1125cm

                                            Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                                            Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                                            CNGS Performance

                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                            25

                                            CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                                            ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                                            comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                                            Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                                            NeutrinoFocusing on

                                            positive charge

                                            Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                                            negative charge

                                            FL

                                            UK

                                            A s

                                            imu

                                            lati

                                            on

                                            s P

                                            Sal

                                            a et

                                            al 2

                                            008

                                            CNGS Performance

                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                            26

                                            Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                                            Excellent agreement

                                            pit 1 Horizontal

                                            0

                                            005

                                            01

                                            015

                                            02

                                            025

                                            03

                                            035

                                            04

                                            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                            cm

                                            ch

                                            po

                                            t

                                            measurement

                                            simulation

                                            Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                                            pit 1 Vertical

                                            0

                                            005

                                            01

                                            015

                                            02

                                            025

                                            03

                                            035

                                            04

                                            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                            ch

                                            po

                                            t

                                            measurement

                                            simulation

                                            Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                                            0

                                            0002

                                            0004

                                            0006

                                            0008

                                            001

                                            0012

                                            0014

                                            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                            cm

                                            ch

                                            po

                                            t

                                            measurement

                                            simulation

                                            Vertical Profile Pit 2

                                            pit 2 Horizontal

                                            0

                                            0002

                                            0004

                                            0006

                                            0008

                                            001

                                            0012

                                            0014

                                            -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                            ch

                                            po

                                            t

                                            measurement

                                            simulation

                                            Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                                            MeasurementsSimulations

                                            P

                                            Sal

                                            a et

                                            al

                                            FLU

                                            KA

                                            sim

                                            ulat

                                            ion

                                            s 20

                                            08

                                            CNGS Performance

                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                            27

                                            Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                            of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                            ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                            ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                            Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                            28

                                            bull Additional Slides

                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                            29

                                            Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                            If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                            m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                            m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                            sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                            Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                            Mass states Flavor states

                                            ~

                                            Introduction

                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                            30

                                            CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                            Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                            horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                            reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                            CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                            CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                            31

                                            NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                            bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                            Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                            bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                            bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                            bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                            Introduction

                                            bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                            • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                            • Slide 2
                                            • Neutrino Introduction
                                            • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                            • Slide 5
                                            • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                            • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                            • CNGS Challenges
                                            • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                            • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                            • Primary Beam Line
                                            • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                            • CNGS Target
                                            • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                            • Decay Tube
                                            • Muon Monitors
                                            • Operational Experience and Performance
                                            • CNGS Timeline
                                            • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                            • CNGS Performance
                                            • 2009 Protons on Target
                                            • Beam Intensity
                                            • Slide 23
                                            • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                            • Slide 25
                                            • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                            • Summary
                                            • Slide 28
                                            • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                            • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                            • Neutrinos

                                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                              23

                                              ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

                                              23

                                              target

                                              muon detectors pit 1

                                              muon detectors pit 2

                                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                              24

                                              CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                                              bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                                              ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                                              charge)

                                              270cm

                                              1125cm

                                              Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                                              Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                                              CNGS Performance

                                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                              25

                                              CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                                              ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                                              comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                                              Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                                              NeutrinoFocusing on

                                              positive charge

                                              Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                                              negative charge

                                              FL

                                              UK

                                              A s

                                              imu

                                              lati

                                              on

                                              s P

                                              Sal

                                              a et

                                              al 2

                                              008

                                              CNGS Performance

                                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                              26

                                              Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                                              Excellent agreement

                                              pit 1 Horizontal

                                              0

                                              005

                                              01

                                              015

                                              02

                                              025

                                              03

                                              035

                                              04

                                              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                              cm

                                              ch

                                              po

                                              t

                                              measurement

                                              simulation

                                              Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                                              pit 1 Vertical

                                              0

                                              005

                                              01

                                              015

                                              02

                                              025

                                              03

                                              035

                                              04

                                              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                              ch

                                              po

                                              t

                                              measurement

                                              simulation

                                              Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                                              0

                                              0002

                                              0004

                                              0006

                                              0008

                                              001

                                              0012

                                              0014

                                              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                              cm

                                              ch

                                              po

                                              t

                                              measurement

                                              simulation

                                              Vertical Profile Pit 2

                                              pit 2 Horizontal

                                              0

                                              0002

                                              0004

                                              0006

                                              0008

                                              001

                                              0012

                                              0014

                                              -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                              ch

                                              po

                                              t

                                              measurement

                                              simulation

                                              Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                                              MeasurementsSimulations

                                              P

                                              Sal

                                              a et

                                              al

                                              FLU

                                              KA

                                              sim

                                              ulat

                                              ion

                                              s 20

                                              08

                                              CNGS Performance

                                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                              27

                                              Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                              of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                              ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                              ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                              Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                              28

                                              bull Additional Slides

                                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                              29

                                              Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                              If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                              m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                              m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                              sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                              Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                              Mass states Flavor states

                                              ~

                                              Introduction

                                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                              30

                                              CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                              Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                              horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                              reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                              CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                              CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                              31

                                              NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                              bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                              Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                              bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                              bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                              bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                              Introduction

                                              bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                              • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                              • Slide 2
                                              • Neutrino Introduction
                                              • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                              • Slide 5
                                              • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                              • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                              • CNGS Challenges
                                              • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                              • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                              • Primary Beam Line
                                              • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                              • CNGS Target
                                              • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                              • Decay Tube
                                              • Muon Monitors
                                              • Operational Experience and Performance
                                              • CNGS Timeline
                                              • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                              • CNGS Performance
                                              • 2009 Protons on Target
                                              • Beam Intensity
                                              • Slide 23
                                              • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                              • Slide 25
                                              • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                              • Summary
                                              • Slide 28
                                              • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                              • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                              • Neutrinos

                                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                24

                                                CNGS Polarity Puzzle

                                                bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between

                                                ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

                                                charge)

                                                270cm

                                                1125cm

                                                Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)

                                                Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

                                                CNGS Performance

                                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                25

                                                CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                                                ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                                                comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                                                Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                                                NeutrinoFocusing on

                                                positive charge

                                                Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                                                negative charge

                                                FL

                                                UK

                                                A s

                                                imu

                                                lati

                                                on

                                                s P

                                                Sal

                                                a et

                                                al 2

                                                008

                                                CNGS Performance

                                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                26

                                                Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                                                Excellent agreement

                                                pit 1 Horizontal

                                                0

                                                005

                                                01

                                                015

                                                02

                                                025

                                                03

                                                035

                                                04

                                                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                                cm

                                                ch

                                                po

                                                t

                                                measurement

                                                simulation

                                                Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                                                pit 1 Vertical

                                                0

                                                005

                                                01

                                                015

                                                02

                                                025

                                                03

                                                035

                                                04

                                                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                                ch

                                                po

                                                t

                                                measurement

                                                simulation

                                                Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                                                0

                                                0002

                                                0004

                                                0006

                                                0008

                                                001

                                                0012

                                                0014

                                                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                                cm

                                                ch

                                                po

                                                t

                                                measurement

                                                simulation

                                                Vertical Profile Pit 2

                                                pit 2 Horizontal

                                                0

                                                0002

                                                0004

                                                0006

                                                0008

                                                001

                                                0012

                                                0014

                                                -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                                ch

                                                po

                                                t

                                                measurement

                                                simulation

                                                Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                                                MeasurementsSimulations

                                                P

                                                Sal

                                                a et

                                                al

                                                FLU

                                                KA

                                                sim

                                                ulat

                                                ion

                                                s 20

                                                08

                                                CNGS Performance

                                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                27

                                                Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                                of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                                ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                                ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                                Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                28

                                                bull Additional Slides

                                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                29

                                                Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                                If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                                m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                                m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                                sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                                Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                                Mass states Flavor states

                                                ~

                                                Introduction

                                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                30

                                                CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                                Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                                horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                                reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                                CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                                CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                                11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                31

                                                NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                                bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                                Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                                bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                                bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                                bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                                Introduction

                                                bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                                • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                                • Slide 2
                                                • Neutrino Introduction
                                                • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                                • Slide 5
                                                • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                                • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                                • CNGS Challenges
                                                • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                                • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                                • Primary Beam Line
                                                • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                                • CNGS Target
                                                • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                                • Decay Tube
                                                • Muon Monitors
                                                • Operational Experience and Performance
                                                • CNGS Timeline
                                                • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                                • CNGS Performance
                                                • 2009 Protons on Target
                                                • Beam Intensity
                                                • Slide 23
                                                • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                                • Slide 25
                                                • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                                • Summary
                                                • Slide 28
                                                • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                                • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                                • Neutrinos

                                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                  25

                                                  CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

                                                  ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute

                                                  comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

                                                  Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

                                                  NeutrinoFocusing on

                                                  positive charge

                                                  Anti-neutrino Focusing on

                                                  negative charge

                                                  FL

                                                  UK

                                                  A s

                                                  imu

                                                  lati

                                                  on

                                                  s P

                                                  Sal

                                                  a et

                                                  al 2

                                                  008

                                                  CNGS Performance

                                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                  26

                                                  Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                                                  Excellent agreement

                                                  pit 1 Horizontal

                                                  0

                                                  005

                                                  01

                                                  015

                                                  02

                                                  025

                                                  03

                                                  035

                                                  04

                                                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                                  cm

                                                  ch

                                                  po

                                                  t

                                                  measurement

                                                  simulation

                                                  Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                                                  pit 1 Vertical

                                                  0

                                                  005

                                                  01

                                                  015

                                                  02

                                                  025

                                                  03

                                                  035

                                                  04

                                                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                                  ch

                                                  po

                                                  t

                                                  measurement

                                                  simulation

                                                  Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                                                  0

                                                  0002

                                                  0004

                                                  0006

                                                  0008

                                                  001

                                                  0012

                                                  0014

                                                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                                  cm

                                                  ch

                                                  po

                                                  t

                                                  measurement

                                                  simulation

                                                  Vertical Profile Pit 2

                                                  pit 2 Horizontal

                                                  0

                                                  0002

                                                  0004

                                                  0006

                                                  0008

                                                  001

                                                  0012

                                                  0014

                                                  -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                                  ch

                                                  po

                                                  t

                                                  measurement

                                                  simulation

                                                  Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                                                  MeasurementsSimulations

                                                  P

                                                  Sal

                                                  a et

                                                  al

                                                  FLU

                                                  KA

                                                  sim

                                                  ulat

                                                  ion

                                                  s 20

                                                  08

                                                  CNGS Performance

                                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                  27

                                                  Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                                  of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                                  ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                                  ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                                  Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                  28

                                                  bull Additional Slides

                                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                  29

                                                  Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                                  If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                                  m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                                  m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                                  sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                                  Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                                  Mass states Flavor states

                                                  ~

                                                  Introduction

                                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                  30

                                                  CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                                  Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                                  horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                                  reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                                  CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                                  CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                                  11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                  31

                                                  NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                                  bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                                  Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                                  bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                                  bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                                  bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                                  Introduction

                                                  bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                                  • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                                  • Slide 2
                                                  • Neutrino Introduction
                                                  • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                                  • Slide 5
                                                  • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                                  • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                                  • CNGS Challenges
                                                  • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                                  • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                                  • Primary Beam Line
                                                  • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                                  • CNGS Target
                                                  • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                                  • Decay Tube
                                                  • Muon Monitors
                                                  • Operational Experience and Performance
                                                  • CNGS Timeline
                                                  • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                                  • CNGS Performance
                                                  • 2009 Protons on Target
                                                  • Beam Intensity
                                                  • Slide 23
                                                  • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                                  • Slide 25
                                                  • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                                  • Summary
                                                  • Slide 28
                                                  • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                                  • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                                  • Neutrinos

                                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                    26

                                                    Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

                                                    Excellent agreement

                                                    pit 1 Horizontal

                                                    0

                                                    005

                                                    01

                                                    015

                                                    02

                                                    025

                                                    03

                                                    035

                                                    04

                                                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                                    cm

                                                    ch

                                                    po

                                                    t

                                                    measurement

                                                    simulation

                                                    Horizontal Profile Pit 1

                                                    pit 1 Vertical

                                                    0

                                                    005

                                                    01

                                                    015

                                                    02

                                                    025

                                                    03

                                                    035

                                                    04

                                                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                                    ch

                                                    po

                                                    t

                                                    measurement

                                                    simulation

                                                    Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

                                                    0

                                                    0002

                                                    0004

                                                    0006

                                                    0008

                                                    001

                                                    0012

                                                    0014

                                                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

                                                    cm

                                                    ch

                                                    po

                                                    t

                                                    measurement

                                                    simulation

                                                    Vertical Profile Pit 2

                                                    pit 2 Horizontal

                                                    0

                                                    0002

                                                    0004

                                                    0006

                                                    0008

                                                    001

                                                    0012

                                                    0014

                                                    -1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

                                                    ch

                                                    po

                                                    t

                                                    measurement

                                                    simulation

                                                    Horizontal Profile Pit 2

                                                    MeasurementsSimulations

                                                    P

                                                    Sal

                                                    a et

                                                    al

                                                    FLU

                                                    KA

                                                    sim

                                                    ulat

                                                    ion

                                                    s 20

                                                    08

                                                    CNGS Performance

                                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                    27

                                                    Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                                    of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                                    ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                                    ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                                    Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                    28

                                                    bull Additional Slides

                                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                    29

                                                    Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                                    If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                                    m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                                    m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                                    sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                                    Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                                    Mass states Flavor states

                                                    ~

                                                    Introduction

                                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                    30

                                                    CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                                    Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                                    horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                                    reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                                    CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                                    CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                                    11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                    31

                                                    NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                                    bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                                    Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                                    bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                                    bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                                    bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                                    Introduction

                                                    bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                                    • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                                    • Slide 2
                                                    • Neutrino Introduction
                                                    • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                                    • Slide 5
                                                    • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                                    • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                                    • CNGS Challenges
                                                    • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                                    • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                                    • Primary Beam Line
                                                    • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                                    • CNGS Target
                                                    • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                                    • Decay Tube
                                                    • Muon Monitors
                                                    • Operational Experience and Performance
                                                    • CNGS Timeline
                                                    • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                                    • CNGS Performance
                                                    • 2009 Protons on Target
                                                    • Beam Intensity
                                                    • Slide 23
                                                    • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                                    • Slide 25
                                                    • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                                    • Summary
                                                    • Slide 28
                                                    • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                                    • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                                    • Neutrinos

                                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                      27

                                                      Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion

                                                      of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008

                                                      ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total

                                                      ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target

                                                      Waiting for tau neutrino results

                                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                      28

                                                      bull Additional Slides

                                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                      29

                                                      Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                                      If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                                      m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                                      m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                                      sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                                      Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                                      Mass states Flavor states

                                                      ~

                                                      Introduction

                                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                      30

                                                      CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                                      Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                                      horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                                      reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                                      CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                                      CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                                      11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                      31

                                                      NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                                      bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                                      Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                                      bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                                      bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                                      bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                                      Introduction

                                                      bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                                      • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                                      • Slide 2
                                                      • Neutrino Introduction
                                                      • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                                      • Slide 5
                                                      • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                                      • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                                      • CNGS Challenges
                                                      • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                                      • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                                      • Primary Beam Line
                                                      • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                                      • CNGS Target
                                                      • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                                      • Decay Tube
                                                      • Muon Monitors
                                                      • Operational Experience and Performance
                                                      • CNGS Timeline
                                                      • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                                      • CNGS Performance
                                                      • 2009 Protons on Target
                                                      • Beam Intensity
                                                      • Slide 23
                                                      • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                                      • Slide 25
                                                      • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                                      • Summary
                                                      • Slide 28
                                                      • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                                      • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                                      • Neutrinos

                                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                        28

                                                        bull Additional Slides

                                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                        29

                                                        Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                                        If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                                        m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                                        m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                                        sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                                        Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                                        Mass states Flavor states

                                                        ~

                                                        Introduction

                                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                        30

                                                        CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                                        Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                                        horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                                        reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                                        CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                                        CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                                        11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                        31

                                                        NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                                        bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                                        Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                                        bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                                        bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                                        bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                                        Introduction

                                                        bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                                        • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                                        • Slide 2
                                                        • Neutrino Introduction
                                                        • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                                        • Slide 5
                                                        • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                                        • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                                        • CNGS Challenges
                                                        • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                                        • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                                        • Primary Beam Line
                                                        • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                                        • CNGS Target
                                                        • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                                        • Decay Tube
                                                        • Muon Monitors
                                                        • Operational Experience and Performance
                                                        • CNGS Timeline
                                                        • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                                        • CNGS Performance
                                                        • 2009 Protons on Target
                                                        • Beam Intensity
                                                        • Slide 23
                                                        • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                                        • Slide 25
                                                        • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                                        • Summary
                                                        • Slide 28
                                                        • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                                        • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                                        • Neutrinos

                                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                          29

                                                          Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics

                                                          If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation

                                                          m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos

                                                          m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline

                                                          sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees

                                                          Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles

                                                          Mass states Flavor states

                                                          ~

                                                          Introduction

                                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                          30

                                                          CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                                          Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                                          horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                                          reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                                          CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                                          CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                                          11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                          31

                                                          NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                                          bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                                          Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                                          bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                                          bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                                          bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                                          Introduction

                                                          bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                                          • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                                          • Slide 2
                                                          • Neutrino Introduction
                                                          • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                                          • Slide 5
                                                          • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                                          • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                                          • CNGS Challenges
                                                          • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                                          • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                                          • Primary Beam Line
                                                          • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                                          • CNGS Target
                                                          • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                                          • Decay Tube
                                                          • Muon Monitors
                                                          • Operational Experience and Performance
                                                          • CNGS Timeline
                                                          • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                                          • CNGS Performance
                                                          • 2009 Protons on Target
                                                          • Beam Intensity
                                                          • Slide 23
                                                          • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                                          • Slide 25
                                                          • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                                          • Summary
                                                          • Slide 28
                                                          • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                                          • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                                          • Neutrinos

                                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                            30

                                                            CNGS Performance - Reminder

                                                            Examples effect on ντ cc events

                                                            horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

                                                            reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

                                                            CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

                                                            CNGS Facility ndash Performance Results 2008

                                                            11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                            31

                                                            NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                                            bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                                            Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                                            bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                                            bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                                            bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                                            Introduction

                                                            bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                                            • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                                            • Slide 2
                                                            • Neutrino Introduction
                                                            • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                                            • Slide 5
                                                            • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                                            • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                                            • CNGS Challenges
                                                            • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                                            • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                                            • Primary Beam Line
                                                            • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                                            • CNGS Target
                                                            • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                                            • Decay Tube
                                                            • Muon Monitors
                                                            • Operational Experience and Performance
                                                            • CNGS Timeline
                                                            • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                                            • CNGS Performance
                                                            • 2009 Protons on Target
                                                            • Beam Intensity
                                                            • Slide 23
                                                            • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                                            • Slide 25
                                                            • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                                            • Summary
                                                            • Slide 28
                                                            • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                                            • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                                            • Neutrinos

                                                              11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN

                                                              31

                                                              NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge

                                                              bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2

                                                              Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos

                                                              bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2

                                                              bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday

                                                              bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3

                                                              Introduction

                                                              bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso

                                                              • The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
                                                              • Slide 2
                                                              • Neutrino Introduction
                                                              • CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
                                                              • Slide 5
                                                              • CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
                                                              • CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
                                                              • CNGS Challenges
                                                              • CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
                                                              • CNGS Primary Beam Line
                                                              • Primary Beam Line
                                                              • CNGS Secondary Beam Line
                                                              • CNGS Target
                                                              • CNGS Horn and Reflector
                                                              • Decay Tube
                                                              • Muon Monitors
                                                              • Operational Experience and Performance
                                                              • CNGS Timeline
                                                              • CNGS Radiation Issues
                                                              • CNGS Performance
                                                              • 2009 Protons on Target
                                                              • Beam Intensity
                                                              • Slide 23
                                                              • CNGS Polarity Puzzle
                                                              • Slide 25
                                                              • Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
                                                              • Summary
                                                              • Slide 28
                                                              • Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
                                                              • CNGS Performance - Reminder
                                                              • Neutrinos

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