The CNGS Facility: Performance and Operational Experience Edda GSCHWENDTNER, Karel CORNELIS, Ilias EFTHYMIOPOULOS, Alfredo FERRARI, Ans PARDONS, Heinz VINCKE, Joerg WENNINGER CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Paola SALA INFN Sez. Milano, Milano, Italy Alberto GUGLIELMI INFN Sez. Padova, Padova, Italy
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The CNGS Facility: Performance and Operational Experience Edda GSCHWENDTNER, Karel CORNELIS, Ilias EFTHYMIOPOULOS, Alfredo FERRARI, Ans PARDONS, Heinz.
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Transcript
The CNGS Facility Performance and
Operational Experience
Edda GSCHWENDTNER Karel CORNELIS Ilias EFTHYMIOPOULOS Alfredo FERRARI Ans PARDONS
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
bull Introductionbull Layout and Main Parametersbull Operational Experience and Performancebull Summary
Outline
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
3
Neutrino Introduction m2
32hellip governs the to oscillation
Up to now only measured by disappearance of muon neutrinosbull Produce muon neutrino beam measure muon neutrino flux at near detectorbull Extrapolate muon neutrino flux to a far detectorbull Measure muon neutrino flux at far detectorbull Difference is interpreted as oscillation from muon neutrinos to undetected tau neutrinos
K2K NuMI
CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) long base-line appearance experiment
bull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy
(732km) Very convincing verification of the neutrino
oscillationCERN
Gran Sasso interaction in the target produces a lepton Identification of tau lepton by characteristic kink2 detectors in Gran Sasso bull OPERA (12kton) emulsion target detector
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
4
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
5
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
6
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
Introduction
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year
(200 days nominal intensity)
221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso
3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)
2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA
CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot
Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
500m
1000m 3000m
Run 2009 today 241019 pot
~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
7
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
8
most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)
CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam
(500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity
bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo
bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo
ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube
bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods
thin windows etchellip)
Proton beam Tuning Interlocks
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
9
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
10
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
bull Introductionbull Layout and Main Parametersbull Operational Experience and Performancebull Summary
Outline
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
3
Neutrino Introduction m2
32hellip governs the to oscillation
Up to now only measured by disappearance of muon neutrinosbull Produce muon neutrino beam measure muon neutrino flux at near detectorbull Extrapolate muon neutrino flux to a far detectorbull Measure muon neutrino flux at far detectorbull Difference is interpreted as oscillation from muon neutrinos to undetected tau neutrinos
K2K NuMI
CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) long base-line appearance experiment
bull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy
(732km) Very convincing verification of the neutrino
oscillationCERN
Gran Sasso interaction in the target produces a lepton Identification of tau lepton by characteristic kink2 detectors in Gran Sasso bull OPERA (12kton) emulsion target detector
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
4
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
5
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
6
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
Introduction
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year
(200 days nominal intensity)
221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso
3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)
2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA
CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot
Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
500m
1000m 3000m
Run 2009 today 241019 pot
~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
7
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
8
most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)
CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam
(500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity
bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo
bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo
ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube
bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods
thin windows etchellip)
Proton beam Tuning Interlocks
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
9
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
10
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
3
Neutrino Introduction m2
32hellip governs the to oscillation
Up to now only measured by disappearance of muon neutrinosbull Produce muon neutrino beam measure muon neutrino flux at near detectorbull Extrapolate muon neutrino flux to a far detectorbull Measure muon neutrino flux at far detectorbull Difference is interpreted as oscillation from muon neutrinos to undetected tau neutrinos
K2K NuMI
CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) long base-line appearance experiment
bull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy
(732km) Very convincing verification of the neutrino
oscillationCERN
Gran Sasso interaction in the target produces a lepton Identification of tau lepton by characteristic kink2 detectors in Gran Sasso bull OPERA (12kton) emulsion target detector
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
4
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
5
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
6
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
Introduction
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year
(200 days nominal intensity)
221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso
3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)
2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA
CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot
Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
500m
1000m 3000m
Run 2009 today 241019 pot
~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
7
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
8
most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)
CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam
(500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity
bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo
bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo
ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube
bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods
thin windows etchellip)
Proton beam Tuning Interlocks
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
9
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
10
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
4
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
5
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
6
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
Introduction
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year
(200 days nominal intensity)
221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso
3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)
2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA
CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot
Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
500m
1000m 3000m
Run 2009 today 241019 pot
~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
7
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
8
most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)
CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam
(500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity
bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo
bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo
ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube
bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods
thin windows etchellip)
Proton beam Tuning Interlocks
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
9
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
10
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
5
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
6
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
Introduction
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year
(200 days nominal intensity)
221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso
3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)
2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA
CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot
Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
500m
1000m 3000m
Run 2009 today 241019 pot
~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
7
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
8
most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)
CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam
(500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity
bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo
bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo
ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube
bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods
thin windows etchellip)
Proton beam Tuning Interlocks
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
9
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
10
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
6
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
Introduction
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year
(200 days nominal intensity)
221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso
3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)
2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA
CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot
Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
500m
1000m 3000m
Run 2009 today 241019 pot
~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
7
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
8
most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)
CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam
(500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity
bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo
bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo
ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube
bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods
thin windows etchellip)
Proton beam Tuning Interlocks
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
9
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
10
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
7
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
8
most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)
CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam
(500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity
bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo
bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo
ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube
bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods
thin windows etchellip)
Proton beam Tuning Interlocks
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
9
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
10
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
8
most challenging zone Target Chamber (targetndashhornndashreflector)
CNGS Challengesbull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam
(500kW 400GeVc)ndash Induced radioactivity
bull In components shielding fluids etchellipndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo
bull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo
ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube
bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods
thin windows etchellip)
Proton beam Tuning Interlocks
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
9
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
10
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
bull 2 horns (horn and reflector)ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA remote polarity change
possible
bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum 3mm Ti entrance window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
exit window
bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons
bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles
CNGS Secondary Beam LineCNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
13
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
14
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
2007-2008
Shutdown
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
2008
18 June- 3 NovCNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
2009
1 June-todayCNGS Physics Run 24 1019pot
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
19
CNGS Radiation Issues
106 hcm2yr2008++
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area many electronics in tunnel area
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to radiation effects in
electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)bull modifications during shutdown 200708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
200607
109 hcm2yr
Operational Experience
p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamber
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
20
CNGS Performance2008 18 June ndash 3 November 2008bull Excellent performance of the CNGS Facilitybull CNGS modifications finished successfullybull Beam line equipment working well and stable
178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interaction in bricks
2009 28 May ndash 23 November 2009 2nd October 2009 24middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentbull ~14500 on-time eventsbull ~2470 candidate interaction in bricks
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
21
2009 protons on target
02E+184E+186E+188E+181E+19
12E+1914E+1916E+1918E+19
2E+1922E+1924E+1926E+1928E+19
3E+1932E+1934E+1936E+19
22-M
ay
29-M
ay
5-J
un
12-J
un
19-J
un
26-J
un
3-J
ul
10-J
ul
17-J
ul
24-J
ul
31-J
ul
7-A
ug
14-A
ug
21-A
ug
28-A
ug
4-S
ep
11-S
ep
18-S
ep
25-S
ep
2-O
ct
9-O
ct
16-O
ct
23-O
ct
30-O
ct
6-N
ov
13-N
ov
20-N
ov
27-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
pro
ton
s o
n t
arg
et Expected protons on target
Achieved protons on target
2009 Protons on Target
Current expected pot 22E19Current achieved pot 24 E19
Total POT expected 2009 322E19
Total POT 2008 178E19
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
22
Error rms spread
Beam Intensity
Protons on targetextraction
x 1010
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
23
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
24
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative
charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorSensitive to any beam change (eg offset of beam vs target at 50m level)
Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
25
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute
comparison within 5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Performance
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
27
Summarybull CNGS commissioned in 2006bull Successful modifications in the CNGS facility and completion
of the OPERA Detector bull Physics run since 2008
ndash 2008 bull 178 1019 protons on target total
ndash 2009 bull Expect 32 1019 protons on target totalbull Today (31 August 2009) 24 1019 protons on target
Waiting for tau neutrino results
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
28
bull Additional Slides
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
31
NeutrinosWeakly interacting leptons e no charge
bull Solar Neutrinosndash 61014 neutrinossm2
Every 100 years 1 neutrino interacts in human body 1016 meter lead to stop half of these neutrinos
bull Natural radioactivity from earthndash 6106 neutrinosscm2
bull 40K in our bodyndash 34108 neutrinosday
bull Cosmic neutrinosndash 330 neutrinoscm3
Introduction
bull CNGSndash Send ~1017 neutrinosday to Gran Sasso
The CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Experience
Slide 2
Neutrino Introduction
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
Slide 5
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
CNGS Challenges
CNGS Layout and Main Parameters
CNGS Primary Beam Line
Primary Beam Line
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
CNGS Target
CNGS Horn and Reflector
Decay Tube
Muon Monitors
Operational Experience and Performance
CNGS Timeline
CNGS Radiation Issues
CNGS Performance
2009 Protons on Target
Beam Intensity
Slide 23
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
Slide 25
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Summary
Slide 28
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Neutrinos
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
29
Neutrino Parameter Status July 2008 Review of Particle Physics
If flavor eigenstates and mass eigenstates are different (mixing) and if masses are different neutrino oscillation
m221 = 8 plusmn 03 x 10-5 eV2 m21 = 9 plusmn 017 meV solar and reactor Neutrinos
m232 = 25 plusmn 05 x 10-3 eV2 m32 = 50 plusmn 5 meV Atmospheric and long Baseline
sin2223 gt 093 23=353 degrees compatible with max mixing =45 degrees
Mixing of the three neutrinos unitary 3x3 matrix 4 parameters like the CKM matrix for Quarks CP violating phase not yet accessible currently 3 mixing angles
Mass states Flavor states
~
Introduction
11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN
30
CNGS Performance - Reminder
Examples effect on ντ cc events
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3
reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm