Supporting Agricultural R4D in the Semi-Arid Tropics
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Supporting Agricultural R4D in the Semi-Arid Tropics
Dr William D DarDirector General ICRISAT
Ms Joanna Kane-PotakaDirector, Strategic Marketing and Communications, ICRISAT
Outline of Presentation
• Challenges in Agriculture in SAT• CGIAR Research Programs• Adaptation to Climate Change • Major Impact of ICRISAT’s Research• Key Stakeholders • Conclusion
The Biggest Challenge
The Looming Perfect Storm
The Challenges
The Looming Perfect Storm• Food insecurity and chronic malnutrition,
• Land degradation, poor soil fertility, pests & diseases
• Frequent drought & high temperatures
• Socio-political instability• Lack of appropriate
infrastructure
VisionA prosperous, food-secure and resilient dryland tropicsMissionTo reduce poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation in the dryland tropics
ICRISAT Locationsin the Semi-arid Tropics
55 countries6.5 million sq km2.5 billion people
HeadquartersPatancheru, Telangana, India
ESA Regional HubNairobi, Kenya
WCA Regional Hub Bamako, Mali
Links with CRPs
ICRISAT-led CRPs
CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes
Chickpea Common Bean Cowpea Faba Bean Groundnut Lentil Pigeonpea Soybean
Ground-nut
Leveraging legumes to combat poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation.
Nutrient-efficient, resilient and sustainable legumes for prosperity in the drylands
High in protein and nutrients. 2-4 times higher proteins than cereals. Provides a third of proteins needs of human
Proteins in Chickpea and groundnut
CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Cereals
Barley Finger millet Pearl millet Sorghum
A global alliance for improving food security, nutrition and economic growth for the world’s most vulnerable poor.
Inclusive Market-Oriented Development (IMOD)
IMOD: A new approach
Harness Markets
Manage Risks
Adapting Agriculture toClimate Variability and Change
Technologies, practices, partnerships and policies for:1. Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change2. Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk3. Pro-poor Climate Change Mitigation
Improved Environmenta
l HealthImproved
Rural Livelihoods Improve
d Food Security
enhanced adaptive capacity in agricultural, natural
resource management, and food systems
Trade-offs and Synergies4. Integration for Decision Making
• Linking Knowledge with Action• Assembling Data and Tools for Analysis
and Planning• Refining Frameworks for Policy Analysis
The CCAFS Framework
Effect of climate change on dryland crops
CropPercent (%) change in grain yield
+ temp. + CO2* Net change
Sorghum -(27 to 55%) +(0 to 10%) -(22 to 50%)
P. millet -(38 to 56%) +(0 to 10%) -(33 to 51%)
Groundnut -(38 to 44%) +(10 to 20%) -(23 to 29%)
Pigeonpea -(23 to 26%) +(10 to 20%) -(8 to 11%)
Chickpea -(22 to 24%) +(10 to 20%) -(7 to 9%)
Yield reductions up to 50% in many African countries,
up to 30% in Central and South Asia (CGIAR 2010)
Potential change in cereal yields (%)
10 – 5
0 – -2.5
-5 – -10-2.5 – -5
-10 – -20
2.5 – 05 – 2.5
No data
Climate change and crop yields by 2080s
Climate change adaptation in the drylands
ICRISAT’s climate change-ready crops
Drought-escaping groundnut cultivar ICGV 91114
Super earlyICC 9602975-80 days
Extra-earlyICCV 2
85-90 days
Early maturingKAK 2
90-95 days
Super-early chickpea
Terminal drought-tolerant
stay-green sorghum
Pearl millet flowering at >40+°C
Super-early pigeonpea
Major Impacts of ICRISAT’s research
The Jewels of ICRISAT1. Community-based integrated watershed
management2. Fertilizer microdosing 3. Village Level Studies4. Aflatoxin testing kit 5. Drought-tolerant groundnut6. Early maturing chickpea7. Hybrid pigeonpea8. Pigeonpea in eastern and southern Africa9. Pigeonpea genome10. Guinea-race sorghum hybrids11. Extra-early pearl millet hybrid12. Sweet sorghum13. Genetic resources for food security14. Hybrid Parents Research Consortium15. Open access repository16. Seed systems in sub-Saharan Africa
Baseline results show ROI of $71 per dollar invested
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ICRISAT Major Impacts • More than 255 improved crop varieties/hybrids derived from
ICRISAT breeding research-for-development have been released by 39 developing countries for cultivation by farmers since 2000
• Microdosing and conservation agriculture have reached more than 300,000 small-scale farming households in Zimbabwe, increasing maize yields by 87% and sorghum & millet yields by 160% while mitigating drought losses and reducing soil erosion, saving US$7 million in grain imports annually.
• Fusarium wilt-resistant, seasonally-adapted varieties of pigeonpea adopted on 45% of the crop’s area (double from five years ago) in northern Tanzania have tripled yields and created a thriving export market
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• Improved groundnut varieties and food safety in Malawi resulted in increased human consumption from 11,000 tons in 1990 to 68,000 tons by 2013. Per capita consumption rose from 1.5 kg in 1990 to 4.7 kg in 2013.
• Germplasm-sharing and capacity-building assistance from ICRISAT to Ethiopia-EIAR has contributed to major chickpea production gains in the East Shewa Zone of Oromia and Amhara regions, benefiting nearly one million farm households.
• The watershed management project in Lucheba, China, has increased labor income by 81.8% through diversification in favor of high value vegetable crops.
• India’s first millet hybrid derived from marker-assisted selection for downy mildew resistance by ICRISAT is now grown on over 500,000 ha in Haryana and Rajasthan.
ICRISAT Major Impacts
Integrated watershed management
Bhoochetana: A Scaling-up Model with GoK
Micro-enterprises Empowering the rural poor
Increasing women incomes
• New machinery saving time for women processors
• Processors linked to grain producers and traders
• Increasing access to credit by processors
Meet Edina Kape, a groundnut woman farmer from Malawi
Capacity building & awareness
Location Male Female Total
Patancheru 745 230 975Niger 277 1356 1633Mali 1389 1472 2861Nigeria 629 204 833Nairobi 616 399 1015GRAND TOTAL 3656 3661 7317
Location Interns Scholars Fellows TotalPatancheru 89 77 51 217WCA 31 36 0 67ESA 10 5 0 15Grand Total 130 118 51 299
Location Male Female TotalPatancheru 108 109 217WCA 49 18 67ESA 8 7 15
Grand Total 165 134 299
Training and Scientific Visits
Individual Learner-participants Trained in All ICRISAT Locations (by Category)
Individual Learner-participants Trained in All ICRISAT Locations (by Gender)
Partnerships • ICRISAT’s approach is to work through partnerships for
– Research– Adoption
• 130 Partners in 2013– NARS Institutions– Universities – NGOs– Private Companies– IARCs– Farmers Associations and Women’s Organizations
Together, we can leaddryland farmers toresiliency and prosperity!
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium
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