Supporting Agricultural R4D in the Semi-Arid Tropics

Supporting Agricultural R4D in the Semi-Arid Tropics

Dr William D DarDirector General ICRISAT

Ms Joanna Kane-PotakaDirector, Strategic Marketing and Communications, ICRISAT

Outline of Presentation

• Challenges in Agriculture in SAT• CGIAR Research Programs• Adaptation to Climate Change • Major Impact of ICRISAT’s Research• Key Stakeholders • Conclusion

The Biggest Challenge

The Looming Perfect Storm

The Challenges

The Looming Perfect Storm• Food insecurity and chronic malnutrition,

• Land degradation, poor soil fertility, pests & diseases

• Frequent drought & high temperatures

• Socio-political instability• Lack of appropriate

infrastructure

VisionA prosperous, food-secure and resilient dryland tropicsMissionTo reduce poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation in the dryland tropics

ICRISAT Locationsin the Semi-arid Tropics

55 countries6.5 million sq km2.5 billion people

HeadquartersPatancheru, Telangana, India

ESA Regional HubNairobi, Kenya

WCA Regional Hub Bamako, Mali

Links with CRPs

ICRISAT-led CRPs

CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes

Chickpea Common Bean Cowpea Faba Bean Groundnut Lentil Pigeonpea Soybean

Ground-nut

Leveraging legumes to combat poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation.

Nutrient-efficient, resilient and sustainable legumes for prosperity in the drylands

High in protein and nutrients. 2-4 times higher proteins than cereals. Provides a third of proteins needs of human

Proteins in Chickpea and groundnut

CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Cereals

Barley Finger millet Pearl millet Sorghum

A global alliance for improving food security, nutrition and economic growth for the world’s most vulnerable poor.

Inclusive Market-Oriented Development (IMOD)

IMOD: A new approach

Harness Markets

Manage Risks

Adapting Agriculture toClimate Variability and Change

Technologies, practices, partnerships and policies for:1. Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change2. Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk3. Pro-poor Climate Change Mitigation

Improved Environmenta

l HealthImproved

Rural Livelihoods Improve

d Food Security

enhanced adaptive capacity in agricultural, natural

resource management, and food systems

Trade-offs and Synergies4. Integration for Decision Making

• Linking Knowledge with Action• Assembling Data and Tools for Analysis

and Planning• Refining Frameworks for Policy Analysis

The CCAFS Framework

Effect of climate change on dryland crops

CropPercent (%) change in grain yield

+ temp. + CO2* Net change

Sorghum -(27 to 55%) +(0 to 10%) -(22 to 50%)

P. millet -(38 to 56%) +(0 to 10%) -(33 to 51%)

Groundnut -(38 to 44%) +(10 to 20%) -(23 to 29%)

Pigeonpea -(23 to 26%) +(10 to 20%) -(8 to 11%)

Chickpea -(22 to 24%) +(10 to 20%) -(7 to 9%)

Yield reductions up to 50% in many African countries,

up to 30% in Central and South Asia (CGIAR 2010)

Potential change in cereal yields (%)

10 – 5

0 – -2.5

-5 – -10-2.5 – -5

-10 – -20

2.5 – 05 – 2.5

No data

Climate change and crop yields by 2080s

Climate change adaptation in the drylands

ICRISAT’s climate change-ready crops

Drought-escaping groundnut cultivar ICGV 91114

Super earlyICC 9602975-80 days

Extra-earlyICCV 2

85-90 days

Early maturingKAK 2

90-95 days

Super-early chickpea

Terminal drought-tolerant

stay-green sorghum

Pearl millet flowering at >40+°C

Super-early pigeonpea

Major Impacts of ICRISAT’s research

The Jewels of ICRISAT1. Community-based integrated watershed

management2. Fertilizer microdosing 3. Village Level Studies4. Aflatoxin testing kit 5. Drought-tolerant groundnut6. Early maturing chickpea7. Hybrid pigeonpea8. Pigeonpea in eastern and southern Africa9. Pigeonpea genome10. Guinea-race sorghum hybrids11. Extra-early pearl millet hybrid12. Sweet sorghum13. Genetic resources for food security14. Hybrid Parents Research Consortium15. Open access repository16. Seed systems in sub-Saharan Africa

Baseline results show ROI of $71 per dollar invested

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ICRISAT Major Impacts • More than 255 improved crop varieties/hybrids derived from

ICRISAT breeding research-for-development have been released by 39 developing countries for cultivation by farmers since 2000

• Microdosing and conservation agriculture have reached more than 300,000 small-scale farming households in Zimbabwe, increasing maize yields by 87% and sorghum & millet yields by 160% while mitigating drought losses and reducing soil erosion, saving US$7 million in grain imports annually.

• Fusarium wilt-resistant, seasonally-adapted varieties of pigeonpea adopted on 45% of the crop’s area (double from five years ago) in northern Tanzania have tripled yields and created a thriving export market

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• Improved groundnut varieties and food safety in Malawi resulted in increased human consumption from 11,000 tons in 1990 to 68,000 tons by 2013. Per capita consumption rose from 1.5 kg in 1990 to 4.7 kg in 2013.

• Germplasm-sharing and capacity-building assistance from ICRISAT to Ethiopia-EIAR has contributed to major chickpea production gains in the East Shewa Zone of Oromia and Amhara regions, benefiting nearly one million farm households.

• The watershed management project in Lucheba, China, has increased labor income by 81.8% through diversification in favor of high value vegetable crops.

• India’s first millet hybrid derived from marker-assisted selection for downy mildew resistance by ICRISAT is now grown on over 500,000 ha in Haryana and Rajasthan.

ICRISAT Major Impacts

Integrated watershed management

Bhoochetana: A Scaling-up Model with GoK

Micro-enterprises Empowering the rural poor

Increasing women incomes

• New machinery saving time for women processors

• Processors linked to grain producers and traders

• Increasing access to credit by processors

Meet Edina Kape, a groundnut woman farmer from Malawi

Capacity building & awareness

Location Male Female Total

Patancheru 745 230 975Niger 277 1356 1633Mali 1389 1472 2861Nigeria 629 204 833Nairobi 616 399 1015GRAND TOTAL 3656 3661 7317

Location Interns Scholars Fellows TotalPatancheru 89 77 51 217WCA 31 36 0 67ESA 10 5 0 15Grand Total 130 118 51 299

Location Male Female TotalPatancheru 108 109 217WCA 49 18 67ESA 8 7 15

Grand Total 165 134 299

Training and Scientific Visits

Individual Learner-participants Trained in All ICRISAT Locations (by Category)

Individual Learner-participants Trained in All ICRISAT Locations (by Gender)

Partnerships • ICRISAT’s approach is to work through partnerships for

– Research– Adoption

• 130 Partners in 2013– NARS Institutions– Universities – NGOs– Private Companies– IARCs– Farmers Associations and Women’s Organizations

Together, we can leaddryland farmers toresiliency and prosperity!

ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium