Subsea cables for tsunami monitoring commercial challenges

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Subsea cables for tsunami monitoring –commercial challenges

Simon WEBSTER

NEC

2

7 KUSHIRO

(JAMSTEC, 1999)

5 KAMAISHI

(ERI, 1996)

2KATSUURA

(JMA, 1986)

4 HIRATSUKA

(NIED, 1996)

3 ITO

(ERI, 1993)

1 OMAEZAKI

(JMA, 1979)

8 OMAEZAKI

(JMA, 2008）

6 MUROTO

(JAMSTEC, 1997)

9 DONET 1

(JAMSTEC, 2010)

Ocean Bottom Observation Networks (Japan)

Legend

In-Line （Digital）

In-Line（Analog）

NODE （Digital）

10 DONET 2

(JAMSTEC, 2016)

▌Early detection of earthquakes and tsunamis

▌Real time data transmission to on-shore stations

▌Long-term 24/7 ocean bottom observation

▌Contribute to disaster management through early warning to the public

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New observation networks for eastern Japan

▌Planned and owned by the Japanese Government

▌Multi-year plan accelerated after 2011 East Japan earthquake and tsunami

▌Completed in 2017 and now in use

▌Used for real-time observation of earthquakes and tsunamis as well as long-term geophysical studies

▌Over 5,700km of submarine fiber optic cable

▌150 undersea units with seismometers and tsunami sensors

CABLE ROUTES

S1 Boso Peninsula

S2 Ibaraki- Fukushima

S3 Miyagi-Iwate

S4 Sanriku North

S5 Kushiro-Aomori

S6 Outer Trench

Seafloor Observation Network for Earthquakes and Tsunamis along the Japan Trench: S-net

© NIED

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Ocean Bottom Seismometer/Tsunami Sensors (1)

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Ocean Bottom Seismometer/Tsunami Sensors (2)

© NEC Corporation 2015

CONFIDENTIAL

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> 2 m

▐ Unit Configuration⚫ Pressure Sensor（Tsunami Sensor）⚫ Seismometer （ACC/VEL）⚫ Clinometer⚫ Optical Amplifier⚫ Data Transmission ⚫ Power Units

▐ Pressure Tight Case⚫ Resistant to 8,000m depth⚫ Beryllium Copper

・Optical Amplifier

・Data Transmission

・Power Units

Seismic Sensors・Accelerometer・Velocity sensor・Clinometer

・Pressure Sensor

Ocean bottom sensor unit (example)

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Installation vessel (example)

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Laying operation

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SMART cables - the Idea

Public

Safety

Ocean

Science

CSR Wins

For All

Synergy

With

Telecoms

SMART: Sensor Enabled Scientific Monitoring and Reliable Telecommunications

2010:

SMART

Cable

Who Could

Object?

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SMART Cables –The Pitch to the Board

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Reasonable Questions

▌Additional risks to my cable?

▌How much commercial traffic I am sacrificing?

▌Will my cable take longer to build?

▌Additional CapEx costs?

▌Additional OpEx costs?

▌…

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Qualitative Evaluation

Design philosophy?

Independence of Systems?

Security impacts on Telecom

System?

Marine installation impacts?

Testing and Commissioning?

Permitting?

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Quantitative Evaluation

Space & Power?

Backhaul Needs?

Ship repair rate? System Availability?

POW?

CapEx vs. OpEx?

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Example: System Availability

• Does the addition of sensors to a repeater increase its FIT rate?

• What about adding DC/DC converters to power a sensor pod?

• Is a higher voltage PFE needed to power the sensors?

Te

leco

m S

yste

m

Ou

tag

e (

se

c/y

ea

r)

Telecom

Functionality

Only

With Ocean

Observation

Functionality

Uprated PFE

Additional common components

Sensors and auxiliary functions

Reasonable Questions:

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Commercial Challenges - Summary

▌Dedicated sensor cables are funded by governments / academia

▌Telecom cables are funded by telcos and content providers

▌SMART cables are… more difficult (so far)

▌Intermediate steps will help

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Who says it can’t be done?

Source: NASA