1 Subsea cables for tsunami monitoring – commercial challenges Simon WEBSTER NEC
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7 KUSHIRO
(JAMSTEC, 1999)
5 KAMAISHI
(ERI, 1996)
2KATSUURA
(JMA, 1986)
4 HIRATSUKA
(NIED, 1996)
3 ITO
(ERI, 1993)
1 OMAEZAKI
(JMA, 1979)
8 OMAEZAKI
(JMA, 2008)
6 MUROTO
(JAMSTEC, 1997)
9 DONET 1
(JAMSTEC, 2010)
Ocean Bottom Observation Networks (Japan)
Legend
In-Line (Digital)
In-Line(Analog)
NODE (Digital)
10 DONET 2
(JAMSTEC, 2016)
▌Early detection of earthquakes and tsunamis
▌Real time data transmission to on-shore stations
▌Long-term 24/7 ocean bottom observation
▌Contribute to disaster management through early warning to the public
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New observation networks for eastern Japan
▌Planned and owned by the Japanese Government
▌Multi-year plan accelerated after 2011 East Japan earthquake and tsunami
▌Completed in 2017 and now in use
▌Used for real-time observation of earthquakes and tsunamis as well as long-term geophysical studies
▌Over 5,700km of submarine fiber optic cable
▌150 undersea units with seismometers and tsunami sensors
CABLE ROUTES
S1 Boso Peninsula
S2 Ibaraki- Fukushima
S3 Miyagi-Iwate
S4 Sanriku North
S5 Kushiro-Aomori
S6 Outer Trench
Seafloor Observation Network for Earthquakes and Tsunamis along the Japan Trench: S-net
© NIED
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> 2 m
▐ Unit Configuration⚫ Pressure Sensor(Tsunami Sensor)⚫ Seismometer (ACC/VEL)⚫ Clinometer⚫ Optical Amplifier⚫ Data Transmission ⚫ Power Units
▐ Pressure Tight Case⚫ Resistant to 8,000m depth⚫ Beryllium Copper
・Optical Amplifier
・Data Transmission
・Power Units
Seismic Sensors・Accelerometer・Velocity sensor・Clinometer
・Pressure Sensor
Ocean bottom sensor unit (example)
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SMART cables - the Idea
Public
Safety
Ocean
Science
CSR Wins
For All
Synergy
With
Telecoms
SMART: Sensor Enabled Scientific Monitoring and Reliable Telecommunications
2010:
SMART
Cable
Who Could
Object?
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Reasonable Questions
▌Additional risks to my cable?
▌How much commercial traffic I am sacrificing?
▌Will my cable take longer to build?
▌Additional CapEx costs?
▌Additional OpEx costs?
▌…
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Qualitative Evaluation
Design philosophy?
Independence of Systems?
Security impacts on Telecom
System?
Marine installation impacts?
Testing and Commissioning?
Permitting?
13
Quantitative Evaluation
Space & Power?
Backhaul Needs?
Ship repair rate? System Availability?
POW?
CapEx vs. OpEx?
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Example: System Availability
• Does the addition of sensors to a repeater increase its FIT rate?
• What about adding DC/DC converters to power a sensor pod?
• Is a higher voltage PFE needed to power the sensors?
Te
leco
m S
yste
m
Ou
tag
e (
se
c/y
ea
r)
Telecom
Functionality
Only
With Ocean
Observation
Functionality
Uprated PFE
Additional common components
Sensors and auxiliary functions
Reasonable Questions:
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Commercial Challenges - Summary
▌Dedicated sensor cables are funded by governments / academia
▌Telecom cables are funded by telcos and content providers
▌SMART cables are… more difficult (so far)
▌Intermediate steps will help