STATES OF MATTER Chapter 3. Labs done so far for ch. 3 sections 1 and 2: 1.Distilled wood and related read of temperatures with plateaus for substances.
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Labs done so far for ch. 3 sections 1 and 2:
1. Distilled wood and related read of temperatures with plateaus for substances produced
2. Distilling solution X
(BP/CP –evaporation/condensation) with time, temp and volume graph
3. Cooling curve of moth nuggets and flakes
Kinetic Theory
• All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles.
• These tiny particles are always in motion.
(known as Brownian Motion)– temperature movement– temperature movement
If temp. increases = then lighter objects move faster
States of Matter are Physically Different
SOLIDClosely
packed
Fixed
Positions
Vibrate
LIQUIDClosely
packed – but can slide past one another
GAS Constant motion – rarely stick together
There are 2 more states of matter
• Plasma • Bose Einstein Condensate
566 × 5
What is the most common state of matter in the universe?
Solid
Liq
uid
Gas
pla
sma
0% 0%0%0%
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
4. plasma
Look at Plasma in the text, p. 82-83
Play clips of Plasma and Bose Einstein Condensate
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkeSI_B5LjcPlasma http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RpLOKqTcSk BEC
SOLIDS• Crystalline Solids
– Atoms organized in geometric patterns
– Crystal systems– Ex: ice, methanol,
sodium chloride
• Amorphous Solids– Atoms not
organized in specific patterns
– Do not have definite melting pts.
– Ex: glass, plastic, gels
The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles
The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles
THERMAL ENERGY
• In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules
• Potential and Kinetic Energy
TEMPERATURE• Is related to the
random motion of atoms and molecules
• Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion
HEAT VS TEMPERATURE• HEAT
– Is energy that is measured in joules or calories
• TEMPERATURE– Measured in
degrees– Measures the
expansion or contraction of a liquid
When heat energy is added to a substance, the particles
Speed up
Slow down
Remain the sa
me speed
0% 0%0%
1. Speed up
2. Slow down
3. Remain the same speed
When particles speed up, the particles
Stick
and clum...
Slide by o
r bo...
Remain unchang..
.
0% 0%0%
1. Stick and clump together
2. Slide by or bounce off of each other
3. Remain unchanged
When heat energy is lost from a substance, the particles
Speed up
Slow down
Remain the sa
me speed
0% 0%0%
1. Speed up
2. Slow down
3. Remain the same speed
When particles slow down, the particles tend to
Stick
and clump to
geth
er
Slide by o
r bounce
off o...
Remain unchange
d
0% 0%0%
1. Stick and clump together
2. Slide by or bounce off of each other
3. Remain unchanged
GasGas
LiquidLiquidSolidSolid
DepositionDepositionSublimationSublimation
MeltingMelting
FreezingFreezing
CondensationCondensationEvaporationEvaporation
States of Matter are Physically Different because particle speed is different
SOLID to Liquid= energy added
(Melting)
Lots of energy added at one time and solid gas (sublimation)
LIQUID to Gas=
Energy added
(Boiling)
Go right to left and energy will be taken away at gasliquid (condensing)
And liquid solid is (melting)
Lots of energy lost at one time right to left and gs (deposition)
What requires more energy for the same quantity of the same
substance?
Rai
sing
the
tem
perat
u..
Com
pletin
g a
phase
...
0%0%
1. Raising the temperature of a substance 1º C
2. Completing a phase change
I have a solution of liquids. If in the heating process I have 4 distinct plateaus as the liquid changes to gas, how many liquids were in the
solution?
1 2 3 4
Unab
le to
tell
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. Unable to tell
The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles
The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles
THERMAL ENERGY
• In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules
• Potential and Kinetic Energy
TEMPERATURE• Is related to the
random motion of atoms and molecules
• Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion
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