STATES OF MATTER Chapter 3. Labs done so far for ch. 3 sections 1 and 2: 1.Distilled wood and related read of temperatures with plateaus for substances.

STATES OF MATTER

Chapter 3

Labs done so far for ch. 3 sections 1 and 2:

1. Distilled wood and related read of temperatures with plateaus for substances produced

2. Distilling solution X

(BP/CP –evaporation/condensation) with time, temp and volume graph

3. Cooling curve of moth nuggets and flakes

Kinetic Theory

• All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles.

• These tiny particles are always in motion.

(known as Brownian Motion)– temperature movement– temperature movement

If temp. increases = then lighter objects move faster

How many states of matter are there?

0%

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

States of Matter are Physically Different

SOLIDClosely

packed

Fixed

Positions

Vibrate

LIQUIDClosely

packed – but can slide past one another

GAS Constant motion – rarely stick together

There are 2 more states of matter

• Plasma • Bose Einstein Condensate

566 × 5

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.astro.auth.gr/~vlahos/Euroconferences/fig1.jpeg&imgrefurl=http://www.astro.auth.gr/~vlahos/Euroconferences/euroconf.html&h=564&w=566&tbnid=9m1L7n5lTLyOWM:&zoom=1&docid=gICw6fdSWYafvM&ei=obAhVMbaO42MyATfiYDoCw&tbm=isch&ved=0CFsQMygzMDM&iact=rc&uact=3&dur=1705&page=2&start=26&ndsp=26

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=C2a0NM8kCKx52M&tbnid=CP-0OyeJqqsw5M:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)&ei=ULEhVOOoIMuvyASTpoEY&bvm=bv.75775273,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNG_N-lqiLu7jkeoNBm8T7336tlgjA&ust=1411580450154386

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.astro.auth.gr/~vlahos/Euroconferences/fig1.jpeg&imgrefurl=http://www.astro.auth.gr/~vlahos/Euroconferences/euroconf.html&h=564&w=566&tbnid=9m1L7n5lTLyOWM:&zoom=1&docid=gICw6fdSWYafvM&ei=obAhVMbaO42MyATfiYDoCw&tbm=isch&ved=0CFsQMygzMDM&iact=rc&uact=3&dur=1705&page=2&start=26&ndsp=26

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Lt4d7sG3UImjDM&tbnid=F06OkArkPRyvJM:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.bitsofnews.com/content/view/4078/2/&ei=0LEhVJ_zFIGzyASN7YCYCA&psig=AFQjCNHGWq9O6K7T4Tyoflq68oqk_qFrTQ&ust=1411580670380112

What is the most common state of matter in the universe?

Solid

Liq

uid

Gas

pla

sma

0% 0%0%0%

1. Solid

2. Liquid

3. Gas

4. plasma

Look at Plasma in the text, p. 82-83

Play clips of Plasma and Bose Einstein Condensate

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkeSI_B5LjcPlasma http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RpLOKqTcSk BEC

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkeSI_B5Ljc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RpLOKqTcSk

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=_F3proM1-OtvLM&tbnid=5zovV2pB0QpyJM:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_intro.html&ei=BrIhVOrVNMqKyASA-oCYDQ&psig=AFQjCNHGWq9O6K7T4Tyoflq68oqk_qFrTQ&ust=1411580670380112

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=GgMNXs5wQJKYvM&tbnid=vXEgz64oXqZsMM:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://jqi.umd.edu/news/new-state-fifth-state&ei=RrIhVM6IBJCsyATApYLwCg&psig=AFQjCNHGWq9O6K7T4Tyoflq68oqk_qFrTQ&ust=1411580670380112

SOLIDS• Crystalline Solids

– Atoms organized in geometric patterns

– Crystal systems– Ex: ice, methanol,

sodium chloride

• Amorphous Solids– Atoms not

organized in specific patterns

– Do not have definite melting pts.

– Ex: glass, plastic, gels

LIQUIDS

• Atoms are close (similar to solids) – but can slip pass each other.

• No definite shape

GAS

• Most energetic phase on Earth

• Move fast – cannot attach to each other

• No shape or volume

The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles


THERMAL ENERGY

• In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules

• Potential and Kinetic Energy

TEMPERATURE• Is related to the

random motion of atoms and molecules

• Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion

HEAT VS TEMPERATURE• HEAT

– Is energy that is measured in joules or calories

• TEMPERATURE– Measured in

degrees– Measures the

expansion or contraction of a liquid

When heat energy is added to a substance, the particles

Speed up

Slow down

Remain the sa

me speed

0% 0%0%

1. Speed up

2. Slow down

3. Remain the same speed

When particles speed up, the particles

Stick

and clum...

Slide by o

r bo...

Remain unchang..

.

0% 0%0%

1. Stick and clump together

2. Slide by or bounce off of each other

3. Remain unchanged

When heat energy is lost from a substance, the particles

Speed up

Slow down

Remain the sa

me speed

0% 0%0%

1. Speed up

2. Slow down

3. Remain the same speed

When particles slow down, the particles tend to

Stick

and clump to

geth

er

Slide by o

r bounce

off o...

Remain unchange

d

0% 0%0%

1. Stick and clump together

2. Slide by or bounce off of each other

3. Remain unchanged

Think of the following diagrams in terms of

energy gained or energy lost

by the substances.

GasGas

LiquidLiquidSolidSolid

GasGas


EvaporationEvaporation

GasGas


CondensationCondensation

GasGas


CondensationCondensation

EvaporationEvaporation

GasGas

LiquidLiquidSolidSolid FreezingFreezing

GasGas

LiquidLiquidSolidSolidMeltingMelting

GasGas

LiquidLiquidSolidSolidMeltingMelting

FreezingFreezing

GasGas


GasGas


SublimationSublimation

GasGas


DepositionDeposition

GasGas


DepositionDeposition

SublimationSublimation

GasGas


DepositionDepositionSublimationSublimation

MeltingMelting

FreezingFreezing

CondensationCondensationEvaporationEvaporation

States of Matter are Physically Different because particle speed is different

SOLID to Liquid= energy added

(Melting)

Lots of energy added at one time and solid gas (sublimation)

LIQUID to Gas=

Energy added

(Boiling)

Go right to left and energy will be taken away at gasliquid (condensing)

And liquid solid is (melting)

Lots of energy lost at one time right to left and gs (deposition)

What requires more energy for the same quantity of the same

substance?

Rai

sing

the

tem

perat

u..

Com

pletin

g a

phase

...

0%0%

1. Raising the temperature of a substance 1º C

2. Completing a phase change

I have a solution of liquids. If in the heating process I have 4 distinct plateaus as the liquid changes to gas, how many liquids were in the

solution?

1 2 3 4

Unab

le to

tell

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. Unable to tell



Solid to a liquid

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

gas to a solid

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

liquid to a solid

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

Gas to a liquid

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

Solid to a gas

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

Liquid to a gas

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

melting

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

deposition

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

freezing

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

condensing

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

sublimation

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

boiling

Energy

added

Energy

lost

0%0%

1. Energy added

2. Energy lost

End of Chapter 3 sections 1 and 2

THERMAL ENERGY

• In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules

• Potential and Kinetic Energy

TEMPERATURE• Is related to the

random motion of atoms and molecules

• Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion

HEAT VS TEMPERATURE• HEAT

– Is energy that is measured in joules or calories

• TEMPERATURE– Measured in

degrees– Measures the

expansion or contraction of a liquid

STATES OF MATTER Chapter 3. Labs done so far for ch. 3 sections 1 and 2: 1.Distilled wood and related read of temperatures with plateaus for substances.

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