PRODUCTION OF BLAST RESISTANT AND HIGH YIELDING BASMATI 370 HYBRIDS RICE RESEARCH PROJECT

PRODUCTION OF BLAST RESISTANT AND HIGH YIELDING BASMATI

370 HYBRIDS RICE RESEARCH PROJECT

DR. Paul Njiruh NthakanioDr. James I. Kanya Dr. John M. Kimani

Dr. Raphael Wanjogu FUNDED / COLLABORATORS

NATIONAL IRRIGATION BOARB , EUC, UoN, KARI

Objectives

• To produce hybrid Basmati rice seeds that significantly yield higher than pure lines.

• To produce blast (Pyricularia oryzae) resistant Basmati hybrid rice with aroma gene.

• Determine yield traits in hybrid rice between PGMS/TGMS and Basmati370.

• To train farmers on hybrid seed production.

Part of the project

Breeding hybrid rice using Photo/Thermo Genic Male Sterile (P/TGMS) in the tropics- from greenhouse to the field.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background • Amount of rice consumed in Kenya outstrips Production by over 200% (300,000tones – 100,000 production=200,000)• Each year about Ksh20billion is taken out of

the country • Why?

1.2 Fact of on Food demand/supply

• By year 2030 Kenya population is expected to be 60.0million

• Where will food come from ?• Climate change effects: shorter rain seasons • Agricultural revolutions since 196os a) Green revolution b) Agricultural Biotechnology c) Hybrid rice technology

1.3 Hybrid rice

• Hybrid rice has been have over 25% yield advantage over pure breed dwarf lines (Kush et al 1994)

• To produce hybrid a female parent that is male sterile is needed and a fertile male is needed

1.4 Hybrid Technology

Use of hybrid vigour to in hybrid

Better Parent (BP) heterosis(F1 performs better than better parent

= F1-BP x100 BP

How it works

Working Mechanism of Hybrid rice seed technology

RICE MATERIALS

FEMALE PARENT 1) V1 - IR-73827-23-76-15-7 S (TTB03) - PGMS2) V2- IR-77271-42-25-4-36 S (TTB02) - TGMS 3) V3- IR-75589-31-27-8-332S (TTB01) –

PGMSPollen Donors 1) Basmati (370 and 217)

x

S -line

Restorer parent (R/P)

Hybrid plant

Hybridization

Working mechanism of technology

• PGMS/TGMS

FertileS-line

Multiplication

Critical Fertility Point

Critical Sterility Point

Reproductive Upper Limit

Reproductive Lower Limit

SterileF1 Seed

Production

Partial Sterility

Model of Sterility / Fertility Expression for TGMS Rice

Temperature

low

high

2.0 SCOPE OF THIS RESEARCH

Scope 1. Induce complete sterility in female parents under greenhouse conditions Outputs Achievements : 100% sterility realized see below

Approaches of realization female parent sterility

1. Work in Greenhouse

a b

Fig. 1 EGMS growing in a greenhouse. Fig. a and b show EGMS and the greenhouse respectively

Complete male sterile EGMS

a b cFig. 2 EGMS under sterility inducing conditions. Fig a shows EGMS growing in paddy trough, Fig.b is a sterile panicle while Fig.c is pollen from sterile panicle.

2. Natural conditions – done at Mtwapa • Produce hybrid between Basmati x EGMS

V3 Basmati

Milestone

• It is now possible to produce hybrid seeds without contamination from selfbred

• Complete male emasculation under natural conditions will enable bulk production of hybrid seeds.

Scope 2. Produce hybrid seed

•

Hybrid Basmati370Fig. 2 Hybri and Basmati 370 compared

Products of Hybridization

Scope 3. Produce Basmati with PGMS gene

• Suitability trials are now going on

Fig. 1 RIL Basmati370 with PGMS gene. This will be used as female in cross with B370

Achievement

70% Accomplished

Achievements

• Hybridization will be done as below RILBASMATI X BASMATI370

Hybrid seeds NB: In this way Basmati traits will be retianed

Scope 4: Produce super yielding rice

Lines under trials

Seed evaluation

Celebrating the Results